Unit 5 Seminar

Unit 5Unit 5Chapter 6, plus Lab 10 for next Chapter 6, plus Lab 10 for next

week week

Course Name – IT482 Network DesignInstructor – David RobertsContact Information: droberts@kaplan.eduOffice Hours: Tuesday 9:00 PM ET and Thursday 11:00 PM ET

UNIT 4 Review

Covered last week in SeminarChapter 4 and 5 in the textbook

Chapter 4 – Flow AnalysisIndividual and Composite Flows, Critical Flows,

Identifying and Developing Flows, Data Sources and Sinks,Flow Models and Flow Prioritization

Chapter 5 – Network ArchitectureNetwork Architecture versus Network Design, Component

Architectures, Reference Architectures, Architectural Models, Systems and Network Architectures

Unit 4 Review

Quick check of Unit 4Quickly type your response to these three questions:

Example: type #1 and then your answer

#1 Describe a Data Source. Describe a Data Sink.

#2 What is a Flow Model? Name two.

#3 What does FCAPS stand for? What component is it a part of?

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing Architecture

Routed Protocol?

Routing Protocol?

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing Architecture

Routed Protocol? IP, Appletalk, IPX

Routing Protocol? OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, BGP

What is the difference?

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing Architecture

Routed Protocol? IP, Appletalk, IPX

Routing Protocol? OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, BGP

What is the difference? Routed – protocol that carries data and addressing information from a device to another deviceRouting – carries routing information from router to router – information about which routes are available and the best routes for destinations

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing Architecture

Router – Protocol-Dependent or protocol-independent?

How about a switch?

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing Architecture

Router – Protocol-Dependent or protocol-independent?

How about a switch?

Router is protocol-dependent and a switch is protocol-independent

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing ArchitectureNetwork Address - the address identifier used to locate a device on a network. An address mask identifies which bits in the address are considered part of the network and which are part of the device.

IPv4Decimal value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing and Routing ArchitectureClass B Address – 138.50.0.0/16 or 138.50.0.0/255.255.0.0

Broken into 24 bit networks

138.50.20.0 255.255.255.0138.50.24.0 255.255.255.0138.50.28.0 255.255.255.0

In the future138.50.20.0 255.255.254.0 (which would encompass 138.50.20.0 through 138.50.21.255)Giving us useful space of 138.50.20.1 to 138.50.21.254

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Addressing MechanismsClassful Addressing – applying predetermined mask lengths to addresses to support a range of network sizes (A, B, C, D and E)

Subnetting – using part of the device (host) address space to create another level of hierarchy (subnet mask) Variable-Length Subnetting – subnetting where multiple variable-length subnet masks (VLSM) are used to create subnets of different sizes Supernetting – aggregating network addresses Private Addressing and NAT – private IP addresses cannot be advertised or forwarded. NAT (Network Address Translation) maps IP addresses between public and private address space

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

IP ForwardingIf the destination address is local, then a lower-layer mechanism transports the packet. If the destination address is remote then a router can forward the packet toward its destination.

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Routing Fundamentals

Routing – learning about reachability within and between networks and applying the information to forward IP packets to their destination

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Routing MechanismsEstablishing Routing FlowsBegins with the flow analysis process.

Consists of segmenting into functional areas (FA) and workgroups

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Routing MechanismsIdentifying and Classifying Routing BoundariesRouting boundaries are physical or logical separations of a network. Physical: isolation LANs or demilitarized zones (DMZs); physical interfaces or physical securityLogical: functional areas (FA), workgroups, autonomous systems (AS)

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Routing MechanismsRouting boundaries are physical or logical separations of a network.Hard Boundary versus Soft BoundaryHard: routing boundary where exterior gateway protocols (EGPs) communicate routing information between ASsSoft: routing boundary where interior gateway protocols (IGPs) communicate routing information between ASs

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Manipulating Routing FlowsDefault route - the route used when there is no other route for that destinationDefault route propagation - used to inform the network of the default pathRoute filtering - technique of applying route filters to hide networks from the rest of an AS. Router filter statementRoute aggregation - technique of exchanging routing information between ASs – between service providers with transit networks or between large customersPolicies – higher-level abstractions of the route filter technique – typically across hard boundaries

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Routing Strategies

Evaluating Routing Protocols - determining the hierarchy and diversity of the network helps determine the complexity and features of the routing protocol – RIP versus OSPFStatic routes – configured manuallyStub network – only one path into or out

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Evaluating Routing ProtocolsDistance-vector or link-state routing algorithmsDistance-vector routing algorithm - each router maintains the "distance" (a metric to weight each hop) between itself and possible destinations. A vector (or list) of these distances is computed from distance information received from other participating routers.Link-state routing algorithm - each router learns about itself, its links to next-hop routers (its neighbors), and the state of each link.

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Architectural Considerations

Internal Relationships  

Example of interactions within Addressing/ Routing Architecture  

UNIT 5 - Chapter 6

Architectural ConsiderationsExternal Relationships - common external relationships between addressing/routing and each of the other component architectures: Interactions between addressing/routing and network management - can be used to configure boundaries for network management. Autonomous system (AS) boundaries indicate where one management domain ends and another begins.Interactions between addressing/routing and performance - can be closely coupled with addressing/routing through mechanisms such as MPLS, Differentiated and Integrated Services, and RSVP. Interactions between addressing/routing and security - security mechanisms are often intrusive as they intercept, inspect, and control network access and traffic.

Lab 10

Lab 10 in Experiments ManualQueuing DisciplinesOrder of Packet Transmission and Dropping

The objective of this lab is to examine the effect of different queuing disciplines on packetdelivery and delay for different services

Various queuing disciplines can be used to control which packets get transmitted(bandwidth allocation) and which packets get dropped (buffer space).