Unit 5PRINCIPLE

S OF DESIGN

All parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other. 

Pulls the pieces of a visual image together. Can be achieved through repetition and rhythmPatterns or shapes can help achieve harmonyBy repeating patterns in an interesting

arrangement, the overall visual image comes together. 

HARMONY

http://pixgood.com/design-principles-harmony.html

Visual stability achieved by placing equal visual or actual weight on opposite sides of an imaginary central axis

There are three types of balance Symmetrical Asymmetrical Radial

BALANCE

https://karaleighinteriors.wordpress.com/2013/04/08/principles-of-design/

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE• Traditional or formal

spaces call for symmetrical balance where the space is evenly split into two sides that mirror each other.

• For example, two chairs on either side of a coffee table can be said to be symmetrically balanced.

• This kind of balance is easy to achieve as design elements are repeated on each side.

• If you are not careful, this kind of balance can become monotonous and boring.

http://interiorcollective.com/personality/technique-tip-symmetrical-balance

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE• The visual weights of

lines, colors, forms and textures are balanced without exact duplication.

• It is not as ordered as symmetrical balance and can be more complex and interesting.

• For instance a sofa can be balanced by placing two chairs on the other side

https://amandabeuscher.wordpress.com/category/interior-design/

RADIAL BALANCE• Radial balance is

achieved when there is a central focal point with other elements radiating from it or around it.

• An example would be a round dining table, with chairs arranged around it.

• There is a lot of repetition of form, texture, and color.

http://galleryhip.com/radial-balance-interior-design.html

Proportion is the ratio between the size of one part to another

Proportion is truly relative and requires the interior designer to understand the interactions between objects within a 3 dimensional space.

PROPORTION

http://www.interiorsbydonnahoffman.com/facelift-for-a-fireplace/

http://www.interiorsbydonnahoffman.com/facelift-for-a-fireplace/

Scale refers to the relationship between two or more objects, one that has a commonly known size.

Scale implies the comparison of objects where the actual size of one object is known

Proportion relates to the general size of two objects without information regarding their actual sizes (or scales).

SCALE

http://gatesinteriordesign.com/a-moment-in-scale/

http://www.jasonballinteriors.com/blog/designers-notebook-playing-with-scale

Contrast is the use of opposite or unlike elements to emphasize differences and add interest.

Contrast can define your focal point, and prevents your interior from looking too uniform.

The challenge is to balance contrast, so as to maintain a sense of overall unity.

Add contrast in small doses; be careful not to overdo it and thus upset a sense of harmony of parts and overall unity.

CONTRAST

CONTRAST OF HUE• The greater the

distance between hues on a color wheel, the greater the contrast.

• A great example of contrast of hue is yellow-red-blue. 

http://designincolours.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-to-use-colours-in-interior-design.html

LIGHT-DARK CONTRAST• It is based on the use

of different brightnesses and tone values of the colors.

• All colors can be lightened with white, and darkened with black.

• Example: black-white or red - brown

http://designincolours.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-to-use-colours-in-interior-design.html

WARM-COLD CONTRAST• Warm colors make

large rooms cozier.

• Cool colors can help make a small room seem larger.

• Using the cold-warm contrast brings balance to room.

http://designspiration.net/image/1622467928185/

COMPLEMENTARY CONTRAST• In the color wheel, the

complementary colors occupy opposite positions. • For example,

yellow-violet, blue –orange, & red-green

• When adjacent, complementary colors mutually intensify their luminosity. 

http://extendcreative.com/complementary-interior-design-the-contrast-was-more-challenging/

SIMULTANTEOUS CONTRAST• Its effect is derived from the law of complementary colors, according to which each pure color physiologically demands its opposite color

• If one color is absent, the eye will produce it simultaneously.

• Strong green makes neutral grey next to it appear reddish-grey, whereas the effect of strong red on the same grey is a greenish-grey appearance

http://designincolours.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-to-use-colours-in-interior-design.html

CONTRAST OF SATURATION• This is a contrast

between luminous and dull colors.

• Colors can be subdued by the addition of black, white, grey or complementary colors. http://

designincolours.blogspot.com/2013/04/how-to-use-colours-in-interior-design.html

Dominance may seem similar to proportion but is actually more to do with the visual weight of an element.

The dominant part of a composition is the one that stands out the most or appears closest to you.

There are 3 stages of dominance: dominant, sub-dominant and subordinate.

DOMINANCE

https://homes.yahoo.com/news/top-10-most-talked-interior-design-trends-2013-190901439.html

DOMINANCE• Dominant is the primary

object/area, the one with the most visual weight, usually appearing in the foreground.

• Sub-dominant refers to the secondary object/area, usually found in the middle ground of the composition.

• Subordinate objects/areas carry little visual weight and usually appear to recede into the background of the composition.

DOMINANCE

http://localdap.blogspot.com/2014/12/decorating-room-with-red-color.html

Rhythm is defined as continuous, recurrent, or organized movement.

It allows for underlying unity and evolving variety in a design.

We can create rhythm in 5 different ways…

RHYTHM

RHYTHM BY REPETITION•Can be achieved through…

•Repeated shapes, colors, textures, or patterns.•Alteration of shapes, color, textures, or patterns.•Continuous related movement…

•Natural textures and patterns of the earth.

RHYTHM BY GRADATION

•Completed by increasing or decreasing one or more qualities.

•It suggests an onward motion by successive changes toward a goal.

RHYTHM BY TRANSITIONOften subtle.Leads the eye in a gentle, continuous,

uninterrupted visual flow from one area to another or object to another.Curved lines are a sign of transition.

http://modernhoused.blogspot.com/2015/05/spiral-staircase.html

RHYTHM BY OPPOSITION

•The direct placement of forms or colors to create opposition by an abrupt change.

•Ornate objects placed in quiet backgrounds•Old versus new•Round forms next to square ones•Red next to green (complementary colors)•Intersecting lines

RHYTHM BY RADIATION•All parts of a composition are balanced and

repeated around a center.•Petals of a daisy•Chairs around a table•Circular objects such as plates, bowls, light fixtures, textile patterns, hanging plants and chandeliers

•Not used as frequently as other types.

RHYTHM•The key to rhythm is continuity….•The organized movement of recurring or developing patterns into a connected whole.

•It’s all about the movement!

WHERE DO YOU SEE RHYTHM?