Unit 5 Lectures Buddhism

8/9/2019 Unit 5 Lectures Buddhism

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-5-lectures-buddhism 1/57



• Attempts to give answers to life’s essential questionsAttempts to give answers to life’s essential questions

• Emphasis on “things to do” rather than “things to believe”Emphasis on “things to do” rather than “things to believe”• Direct religious experience V blind faithDirect religious experience V blind faith

• !olerant of an" religion that allows a person to #nd “truth” !olerant of an" religion that allows a person to #nd “truth”

of himself $ herself of himself $ herself

• Di%erent from &induism in that it was 'founded’Di%erent from &induism in that it was 'founded’

()!*+A!E ,-A) of a .uddhist()!*+A!E ,-A) of a .uddhist

End su%ering and attain absolute peace and /o"End su%ering and attain absolute peace and /o" EnlightenmentEnlightenment

0 1reedom from ignorance0 tate of permanent tranquilit" and peace

Buddhism BasicsBuddhism Basics



Bu sm H n uu sm n uRootsRoots

.uddhism grew out of &induism

2 iddhartha ,autama born to 3shatri"a caste2 .elieved to be incarnation of Vishnu

Retained concepts 42 reincarnation5 samsara5 6arma5 dharma5 mo6sha

7nirvana8

Rejected concepts 42 caste s"stem 7.rahmin caste power8 0 inequalit"

2 9ould reach :irvana 7+o6sha8 onl" if .rahmin

2 language of ans6rit was for educated 7elite8 onl"2 (sed common language ;ali to teach2 &indu rituals and o%erings to gods

2 *nsigni#cant religious activities that too6 awa"from quest for enlightenment



.uddhism founded approximatel" <=>> "ears ago in *ndia.uddhism founded approximatel" <=>> "ears ago in *ndia



SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMASIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA

iddhartha ,autamaiddhartha ,autama2 born =?@ .9Eborn =?@ .9E2 3shatri"a caste in present da" :epal3shatri"a caste in present da" :epal

9ame from ro"alt"9ame from ro"alt"2 3ingdom of ,autama3ingdom of ,autama2 1ather$+other 2 3ing and ueen1ather$+other 2 3ing and ueen

2 Destined to be a 6ing alsoDestined to be a 6ing also



9onception 0 descended from &eaven9onception 0 descended from &eavenand entered mother’s 7 ueen +a"a8and entered mother’s 7 ueen +a"a8womb in form of bab" white elephantwomb in form of bab" white elephant7purit"87purit"8

ueen +a"a carried him for B>ueen +a"a carried him for B>months and could see him in themonths and could see him in the

wombwomb

,ave birth from her side with,ave birth from her side withassistance from tree branchesassistance from tree branches

Cater poured from the s6"Cater poured from the s6"

At birth he too6 steps and said “thisAt birth he too6 steps and said “thisis m" last birth”is m" last birth”

ages noted that he was a perfectages noted that he was a perfecthuman formhuman form

FOUR SIGHTS OFSIDDHARTHA



3ing wanted to shelter3ing wanted to shelter

him fromhim fromunpleasantness of lifeunpleasantness of life

At < 5 visited the cit" FAt < 5 visited the cit" Ftimes and saw F sights4times and saw F sights4

B8B8 -ld man-ld man<8<8 ic6 manic6 man@8@8 Dead manDead manF8F8 Ascetic mon6Ascetic mon6

,ave him a means to ending,ave him a means to endinghis despairhis despair

FOUR SIGHTS OFSIDDHARTHA





+editated under a .odhi tree+editated under a .odhi treeGemembered all of his previous livesGemembered all of his previous lives

Gemoved craving and ignorance for himself Gemoved craving and ignorance for himself AchievedAchieved :*GVA:A:*GVA:A and was released fromand was released from samsarasamsarata"ed in this state for da"sta"ed in this state for da"s

Died in FK? .9E and achieved paranirvana 7complete nirvana8Died in FK? .9E and achieved paranirvana 7complete nirvana8

ENLIGHTENMENT OF SIDDHARTHA



.udh L 'to awa6en’.udh L 'to awa6en’

.uddha L 'Awa6ened’ or 'enlightened’ one.uddha L 'Awa6ened’ or 'enlightened’ one

2 awa6ened to nature of human condition and means of transcendingawa6ened to nature of human condition and means of transcendingitit

:ot necessaril" divine nor a prophet:ot necessaril" divine nor a prophet9onsidered a model teacher9onsidered a model teacher2 showed and taught his followers how to live their livesshowed and taught his followers how to live their lives

Buddha



• 'blown out’• Extinguish all worldl" desires

• state of supreme realiHation and enlightenment• understand truth of life and freedom from ignorance• state of total liberation5 truth5 tranquilit"5 peace

Ni !ana





:ha !rang5 Vietnam



pring !emple.uddha )ushan5&enan5 9hina

B<K m





"e# Be$ie%s"e# Be$ie%s

@ 9haracteristics of Existence.uddha’s thoughts on the nature of existence2 All things outside of :irvana have three fundamental

characteristics

D(33&A

A:A!!A

A::*9A




&' Du((ha L Dissatisfaction2 “su%ering”2 all humans and animals experience su%ering

;h"sical5 mental M emotional painDisease5 pain5 grief5 lonelinessN




)' Anatta L elOessness2 “no0self”

7An atman8

2 no ultimate realit" within2 :o permanent5 independent

self Ce are onl" a collection ofchanging parts




*' Annica L *mpermanence2 world in constant state of Oux2 Ever"thing changes2 Environment5 bodies5 thoughts5 perceptions5 fears5

hopesN

2 .uddha would sa"2 '!he Oowing is the riverN’



Chere were '"ou’ B> "earsagoP



FOUR NOBLE TRUTHSFOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

E!o$!ed out o% Buddha+ssea ch %o the cause andt eatment o% unhappinessin $i%e'



FOUR NOBLE TRUTHSFOUR NOBLE TRUTHSBQ !o live is to su%er

All life consists of su%ering0 birth5 death5 sorrow5 loneliness

<Q -rigin of su%ering !he root is negative desire5 craving M greed for the

wrong pleasuresearch for more than our basic needs

@Q Extinction of su%ering !he goal is to end su%ering b" removing negativedesire5 craving M greed to achieve nirvana

FQ ;ath leading to the extinction of su%eringAdopting +iddle Ca" and follow the :oble K 1old;ath



&

,

)-

*

.

/

0

!h bl Ei h f ld h



!he :oble Eightfold ;ath

- .uddhist wa" of )ife- +eans to an end of su%ering-

eries of steps towards :irvana

1isdom2 BQ Gight View 7(nderstanding8

2 6now the F :oble !ruths

<Q Gight *ntention 7!hought82 1ree mind from desire and craving and cruel thought0 :urture good thoughts




Mo a$ conduct3 4i tue@Q Gight speech

0 no l"ing5 criticism5 condemning5 gossip5harsh language

FQ Gight conduct 7Action80 b" following the 1ive ;recepts

=Q Gight livelihood0 avoid harmful occupations and promote

peace

h bl h f ld h




5ontemp$ation2 ?Q Gight E%ort4

0 Awareness of state of mind and bod"0 promote good thoughtsJ conquer evil thoughts

Q Gight +indfulness40 become aware of "our bod"5 mind and feelings

KQ Gight 9oncentration40 Attainment of higher state of consciousness ortranquilit" through meditation



FI4E 6RE5E6TSFI4E 6RE5E6TSGules to live b" and follow to control improperGules to live b" and follow to control improper

behaviour that ma" cause su%eringbehaviour that ma" cause su%ering

2 imilar second half of theimilar second half of the !en 9ommandments !en 9ommandments inin Rudaism and 9hristianit" Rudaism and 9hristianit"

2 describes behaviors to avoiddescribes behaviors to avoid

http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_10co.htm





FI4E 6RE5E6TSFI4E 6RE5E6TSBQ Abstain from 6illing or harming living beings

0 translated as S not harming S or an absence of violence

<Q Abstain from stealing0 avoidance of fraud and economic exploitationQ

@Q Abstain from improper sexual conduct0 1or mon6s and nuns5 this means complete celibac"0 1or the lait"5 adulter" is forbidden5 along with an" sexualharassment or exploitation5 including that within marriageQ

FQ Abstain from false speech0 name calling5 gossip5 etcQ

=Q Abstain from ta6ing alcohol and harmful drugs

0 !he main concern here is that intoxicants cloud the mind



T ip$e 7e8e$ o Th ee Re%u9es

5 eated :# Buddha6u pose2; ma(e it easie to %o$$o8 his teachin9s; p otect onese$% % om a di<cu$t e=istence; put one on co ect path o% spi itua$ jou ne#

.uddha 7guide8

Dharma 7path8angha 7teachers5 mon6s M nuns8

1irst steps toward Enlightenment

Mo e Num:e s>Mo e Num:e s>





• @• F• F• =

• K

Mo e Num:e s>Mo e Num:e s>



Mo e Num:e s>Mo e Num:e s>Si= 6e %ectionsSi= 6e %ections

,iving,iving+oralit"+oralit";atience;atienceVigourVigour+editation+editationCisdomCisdom

;racticed b" .odhisattvas;racticed b" .odhisattvas

Bodhisatt!aBodhisatt!a one who has attained nirvana5 chooses to be rebornone who has attained nirvana5 chooses to be rebornwithin samsara in order to help others on path ofwithin samsara in order to help others on path ofenlightenmentenlightenment



• 9annot be taught5 needs to be experienced

• A form of +aha"ana .uddhism• comes from the Rapanese word for “meditation”• 1ocuses on the experience of enlightenment• !he tradition extends all the wa" bac6 to .uddha

*ndia 9hina Rapan

?en Buddhism?en Buddhism



?en Buddhism?en Buddhism

THREE POUNDSA mon6 as6ed !oHen when he was weighing some Oax5 SChat is .uddh

!oHen said5 S!his Oax weighs three poundsQ”

WASH YOUR BOWLA mon6 told Roshu5 S* have /ust entered the monaster"Q ;lease teach m

Roshu as6ed5 S&ave "ou eaten "our rice porridgeP !he mon6 replied5 S* have eatenQS Roshu said5 S!hen "ou had better wash "our bowlQSAt that moment the mon6 was enlightenedQ



?en Teachin9s?en Teachin 9s

!he direct!he direct experiencee xperience of truth 7our true nature8of truth 7our true nature8

Ten is be"ond4Ten is be"ond4the reach of thoughts M feelingsthe reach of thoughts M feelings

words used to express thoughts M feelingswords used to express thoughts M feelingslogical thin6inglogical thin6ing

Ten is4hidden behind our thoughts5 feelings5 fears5hidden behind our thoughts5 feelings5 fears5

personalit" M egopersonalit" M ego2 this clutters the mind preventing pure insight into the truththis clutters the mind preventing pure insight into the truth

emphasiHes experience over speculationemphasiHes experience over speculationo%ers a path to freedom from this 'bondage’o%ers a path to freedom from this 'bondage’



!wo schools of Ten !wo schools of Ten

B 0 GinHai ect 2 ' udden awa6ening’ toB 0 GinHai ect 2 ' udden awa6ening’ toSato iSato i 22 Enlightenment 2 how do TenEnlightenment 2 how do Ten.uddhists propose we reach enlightenmentP.uddhists propose we reach enlightenmentP

2 !hrough4

"oans"oans 2 tools in Ten training2 tools in Ten training;uHHles designed to short circuit the wor6ings;uHHles designed to short circuit the wor6ingsof the logical5 rational mindof the logical5 rational mind&elp lead to direct insight into the true nature&elp lead to direct insight into the true natureof the world and ultimate realit"of the world and ultimate realit"&elps one attain a health" vigorous mind&elps one attain a health" vigorous mind



!wo schools of Ten !wo schools of Ten

< 0 oto ect 2 ',radual awa6ening’< 0 oto ect 2 ',radual awa6ening’0 !hrough4 !hrough4

2 ?a@en?a@en 2 'seated meditation’ 0 mon6s sit2 'seated meditation’ 0 mon6s sitfor hours in the lotus positionfor hours in the lotus position2 clear the mind and gain insightclear the mind and gain insight

2 San@enSan@en 0 Gegularl" meet to discuss0 Gegularl" meet to discussteachings5 training and meditateteachings5 training and meditate

2 RoshiRoshi 0 Ten master who has control over the0 Ten master who has control over thediscipledisciple



?en $i%e?en $i%e

+onastic lifest"le 2 meditation5+onastic lifest"le 2 meditation5menial wor65 structured life5 devotionmenial wor65 structured life5 devotionto teacherto teacherTen can be practiced outside of theTen can be practiced outside of themonaster" 0not necessar" to becomemonaster" 0not necessar" to becomea mon6 or nuna mon6 or nun



chools of .uddhismchools of .uddhism !heravada 7 ri !heravada 7 ri

)an6a5)an6a5 !hailand5 !hailand59ambodia89ambodia8

+aha"ana+aha"ana

79hina579hina5Vietnam5Vietnam53orea83orea8

Va/ra"anaVa/ra"ana

7!ibet5 .hutan57!ibet5 .hutan5:epal8:epal8

Ten .uddhismTen .uddhism

d



3undun3undun+artin corcese+artin corcese

2 !he Departed5 ,angs of :ew Ior65 ,oodfellas5 !he Departed5 ,angs of :ew Ior65 ,oodfellas5Gaging .ull5 !axi DriverNGaging .ull5 !axi DriverN2 dar6 side of urban lifedar6 side of urban life2 9atholicism9atholicism

3undun3undun2 Earl" life of the Dalai )amaEarl" life of the Dalai )ama2 "mbolism5 teachings and life"mbolism5 teachings and life2 piritual development and politicalpiritual development and political

developmentdevelopment2 !ibetan actors !ibetan actors



"mbols 0 +andala"mbols 0 +andala



"mbols 0 +andala"mbols 0 +andalakhiyl-khor -“centre of the universe in which a fullyawakened being abides” - !ibetan meaning

ans6rit word meaning ' circle ’Exercise in meditation and pra"er

2 &elps to focus attentionpiritual ,eograph"

2 Establishes a sacred space for spiritual teaching andtraining

2 Gepresents the spiritual home of deities andenlightened beings

All !ibetan .uddhist mon6s learn to constructthem



"mbols 0 +andala"mbols 0 +andala



"mbols 0 +andala"mbols 0 +andala.asic structure.asic structure

2 quare in the centre with F gates enclosedquare in the centre with F gates enclosedb" circlesb" circles

"mboliHes the limits of ph"sical space"mboliHes the limits of ph"sical space

2andand

9omes from &imala"as9omes from &imala"as,round to #ve di%erent degrees of #neness,round to #ve di%erent degrees of #neness

2 9oarser grains 0 bac6ground9oarser grains 0 bac6ground2

1iner grains 0 details1iner grains 0 detailsD"ed naturall"D"ed naturall"

+andala+andala



+andala+andala"mbolism"mbolismChen completedJChen completedJ2 chants and pra"ers are recited before it is swept awa"chants and pra"ers are recited before it is swept awa"2 ;laced in a stream or bod" of water;laced in a stream or bod" of water2 *mpermanence of the world*mpermanence of the world



acred Critingsacred Critings

!ripita6a 7!hree .as6ets8 U considered to be the !ripita6a 7!hree .as6ets8 U considered to be themost accurate of .uddha’s teachings whichmost accurate of .uddha’s teachings whichconsist of4consist of4Vina"a0;ita6a4 .as6et of Discipline 7mon6s8Vina"a0;ita6a4 .as6et of Discipline 7mon6s8

utta0;ita6a4 .as6et of Discourseutta0;ita6a4 .as6et of Discourse

Abidhamma0;itia6a4 .as6et of 1urther !eachingsAbidhamma0;itia6a4 .as6et of 1urther !eachings



;ractices;ractices

+editation0 lotus posture+editation0 lotus posture.owing 7three times8.owing 7three times8-%erings M 9hanting +antras4 “-%erings M 9hanting +antras4 “ Om ManiOm ManiPadme Hum” which means “Hail, the jewelPadme Hum” which means “Hail, the jewelin the lotus” in the lotus” 3arma3arma

Dana 7donations8Dana 7donations8+udras+udras+on6s+on6s





The &The & thth Da$ai Lama uotesDa$ai Lama uotes



The &.The &. thth Da$ai Lama uotesDa$ai Lama uotes

'+" religion is ver" simpleQ +" religion is 6indnessQ’

'*f "ou want others to be happ"5 practice compassionQ*f "ou want to be happ"5 practice compassionQ’

'.e 6ind whenever possibleQ *t is alwa"s possibleQ’

' Ce must recogniHe that the su%ering of one personor one nation is the su%ering of humanit"Q !hehappiness of one person or nation is the happiness ofhumanit"Q’

'!hrough violence5 "ou ma" 'solve’ one problem5 but"ou sow the seeds for anotherQ’

The &The & thth Da$ai LamaDa$ai Lama



The &.The &. thth Da$ai LamaDa$ai Lama.orn B @= 0 )hamo !hondup2 !a6tser in northeastern !ibet

Genamed 0 !enHin ,"atso2 A3A 0 !eshe :orbu 73undun8 2 “!he

;resence”

Dalai )ama 0 “-cean of Cisdom”

'Discovered’ at age <

+anifestation of the .odhisattvaof 9ompassion

Assumed political power at ageB=

hTh & hth $D $ i L



The &.The &. thth Da$ai LamaDa$ai LamaGesides in :orthern *ndiaGesides in :orthern *ndia2

-nce lead !ibetan ,overnment in-nce lead !ibetan ,overnment inExile but no longerExile but no longer 0 prime minister0 prime minister)obsang anga")obsang anga"

till the spiritual leadertill the spiritual leader

Established educational5 culturalEstablished educational5 culturaland religious institutions to preserveand religious institutions to preserve

!ibetan identit" and heritage !ibetan identit" and heritage

Geputation as a scholar and man ofGeputation as a scholar and man ofpeacepeace

Geceived :obel ;eace ;riHe in B KGeceived :obel ;eace ;riHe in B K

The &The & thth Da$ai LamaDa$ai Lama



The &.The &. th Da$ai LamaDa$ai Lama&as been denounced b" the 9hinese&as been denounced b" the 9hinesegovernment as a supporter of !ibetangovernment as a supporter of !ibetanindependenceindependence

&as developed a public position stating that he is&as developed a public position stating that he isnot in favour of !ibetannot in favour of !ibetan independenceindependence and wouldand wouldnot ob/ect to a status in which !ibet has internalnot ob/ect to a status in which !ibet has internalautonom"autonom"

the ;G9 manages some aspects of !ibet s defensethe ;G9 manages some aspects of !ibet s defenseand foreign a%airsQand foreign a%airsQ

+iddle Ca" Approach+iddle Ca" Approach2 the 9hinese government can ta6e care of foreignthe 9hinese government can ta6e care of foreign

a%airs and defense5 and that !ibet should bea%airs and defense5 and that !ibet should be

managed b" an elected bod"managed b" an elected bod"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence


http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autonomy






!ibet toda" !ibet toda";art of 9hina;art of 9hina

:earl" ?> ethnic !ibetans5 man":earl" ?> ethnic !ibetans5 man"

mon6s and nuns5 have set themselvesmon6s and nuns5 have set themselveson #re in 9hina since 1ebruar" <>>on #re in 9hina since 1ebruar" <>>2 protest against .ei/ing s rule in !ibetprotest against .ei/ing s rule in !ibet2 most recent incidents occurring nearmost recent incidents occurring near

)abrang monaster"Q)abrang monaster"Q

1il A i M R l1il A i M R l



1ilm Assignment M Rournal1ilm Assignment M RournalEntr"Entr"

1ilm Assignment1ilm Assignment2 Crite a brief essa" ta6ing a position on the followingCrite a brief essa" ta6ing a position on the following

questionQquestionQIn #ou opinion3 did the Da$ai Lama ma(e the i9htIn #ou opinion3 did the Da$ai Lama ma(e the i9ht

decision :# $ea!in9 Ti:et 1hat othe options diddecision :# $ea!in9 Ti:et 1hat othe options didhe ha!ehe ha!e

Rournal Rournal2 !he concept of :irvana is diWcult to understand and is !he concept of :irvana is diWcult to understand and is

often debated b" .uddhists themselves as to who5 whatoften debated b" .uddhists themselves as to who5 whator where it isQ ;rovide "our own explanation of whator where it isQ ;rovide "our own explanation of what:irvana is to "ou and give two or three ideas that:irvana is to "ou and give two or three ideas thatsupport "our explanationQsupport "our explanationQ



http4$$wwwQcucircaQcom$<>B>$>B$BB$the0simpsons0season0B@0episode0?0she0of0little0faith$

S d % B ddhi

http://www.cucirca.com/2010/01/11/the-simpsons-season-13-episode-6-she-of-little-faith/






Sp ead o% Buddhism• *s .uddha ,odP

• *s :irvana ,odP $ ;lace $ .eing• :o5 a state of being• !he total cessation of su%ering•

Documents

Unit 5 Lectures Buddhism