UNIT 5 · 2019. 3. 18. · Inglés para profesionales de la comunicación I UNIT 5 – Pay attention to... Æ En el caso del verbo like, si dicho verbo va solo se escribe a continuación

UNIT 5

[5.1] How to study UNIT 5?

[5.2] Present perfect + for / since

[5.3] Verb + to + infinitive

[5.4] So / because

[5.5] Had to / didn’t have to

[5.6] Questions without auxiliary verb

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Inglés para profesionales de la comunicación I

UNIT 5 – Pay attention to...

Pay attention to...

5.1. How to study UNIT 5?

Para estudiar esta unidad debes seguir los siguientes pasos:

1. Consulta la Guía del alumno (páginas de la 31 a la 36). En esta guía encontrarás un

guión que te permitirá organizar el material que debes estudiar.

2. Estudia el Manual del alumno (páginas de la 80 a la 86).

3. Escucha del Self study CD 2 las pistas de la 18 a la 29 y del CD Listen and speak

las pistas de la 18 a la 21.

4. Después practica con los ejercicios correspondientes.

5.2. Present perfect + for / since

Se utiliza el pretérito perfecto para referirse a una acción que tuvo lugar en el

pasado, pero que de alguna manera sigue teniendo efectos en el presente.

Recuerda que se forma con el verbo auxiliar have + participio.

La forma ‘How long…?’ se suele utilizar para preguntar sobre la duración de algo y

para contestar se utiliza como norma general alguna construcción con for o since.

Las formas for y since se utilizan de manera diferente según la concreción en cuanto

al momento de la acción que se dé por parte del hablante.



For Since

Se traduce

como… ‘Desde hace’ / ‘Durante’ ‘Desde’

Se utiliza

con…

Expresiones más generales

(3 días, 4 años, etc.)

Expresiones concretas

(el lunes, tu regreso, etc.)

Ejemplos I have been working there for six months

(He estado trabajando allí desde hace 6 meses)

It has been like this since you came

(Ha sido así desde que viniste)

Observando el cuadro, notarás que for nos aporta información sobre el tiempo que

dura la acción del verbo; sin embargo la forma since nos concreta además en qué

momento empezó dicha acción.

5.3. Verb + to + infinitive

Existen en inglés algunos verbos que deben utilizarse seguidos de infinitivo.

A continuación observa en la lista los más frecuentes:

Afford Afrontar Manage Arreglárselas, manejar

Agree Estar de acuerdo Need Necesitar

Arrange Arreglar, organizar Offer Ofrecer

Decide Decidir Plan Planear

Deserve Merecer Promise Prometer

Fail Fallar Refuse Rechazar

Forget Olvidar Threaten Amenazar

Hope Esperar (esperanza) Try Intentar

Learn Aprender Want Querer

Algunos ejemplos:

I usually want to close the door with the key

(Normalmente olvido cerrar la puerta con llave)

We are planning to go to the zoo next Saturday

(Estamos planeando ir al zoo el próximo sábado)



En el caso del verbo like, si dicho verbo va solo se escribe a continuación la forma en

gerundio (-ing). Si por el contrario, la estructura es would like colocaremos el verbo

que le sigue en infinitivo (would like + to + verbo).

I like reading a book before sleeping.

(Me gusta leer un libro antes de dormir)

I would like to read a book before this month finishes.

(Me gustaría leer un libro antes de que acabe este mes)

5.4. So / because

Las partículas so y because se utilizan en las oraciones compuestas para ofrecer una

explicación sobre la causa (because) o la consecuencia (so) de la acción principal.

So Because

Se traduce… ‘Así que’

‘Entonces’

‘Porque’

‘A causa de’

Expresa…

La consecuencia que se desprende

de la acción que expresa el verbo

principal

La causa por la que tiene lugar la

acción del verbo principal

Ejemplos

I was too tired, so I went on

holidays last week.

(Estaba demasiado cansado, así que

me fui de vacaciones la semana

pasada)

We couldn’t go in because the door

was closed.

(No pudimos entrar porque la puerta

estaba cerrada)

Para responder a una pregunta formulada con Why…? Se utiliza la partícula

‘because’

Why are you so late? Because there was a breakdown in the train

(¿Por qué llegas tan tarde? Porque había una avería en el tren)



5.5. Had to / didn’t have to

Anteriormente hemos estudiado la forma verbal have to, que utilizamos para

expresar obligación.

Ejemplo:

I have to go to work every day

Sin embargo, para formular preguntas u oraciones negativas con esta expresión

debemos utilizar un verbo auxiliar.

Observa los siguientes ejemplos:

Did + you + have to + go in the morning? Forma interrogativa

I + didn’t + have to + sign anywhere. Forma negativa

No debe escribirse: Have you to go in the morning?

I hadn’t to sign anywhere.

5.6. Questions without auxiliary verb

Como ya hemos visto en temas anteriores, la estructura de la oración

interrogativa es:

Question

+

Auxiliary

+

Subject

+

Verb

+

Complements

What

When

did

is

you

Julia

do

leaving

yesterday?

the flat?

Esta estructura tiene una particularidad: cuando la pregunta es acerca de

cualquier complemento del verbo (directo, indirecto, circunstancial, etc.) sí ha de

incluirse el verbo auxiliar, como en el ejemplo anterior.



En cambio, si se pregunta acerca del sujeto que realiza la acción, el verbo

auxiliar no debe aparecer. La estructura entonces queda de la siguiente forma:

Question

+

Verb

+

Complements

Who

Who

made

stole

this mess in the room?

the picture?


UNIT 5 – Specially recommended

Specially recommended

Orson Welles on Citizen Kane and Rosebud

In 1960, Orson Welles was

interviewed about several topics.

The interviewer and Orson seem to

be in a fliendly talking about

things like art, like what is acting

for them, the sense of home

(Rosebud for the main character of

Citizen Kane), the place where he

would like to live or how important

is the voice for an actor, tenors and baritones.

It’s a very interesting (and short) interview in which you can appreciate the sense of

humor and the way of being of Orson.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI3eBTMXSiU


UNIT 5 – Specially recommended

Don’t miss…

The war of the worlds

Ficha técnica

Dirección: Orson Welles.

Producción: Orson Welles.

Guión: Orson Welles y Herman J.

Mankiewicz.

Música: Bernard Herrmann.

Fotografía: Gregg Toland.

Reparto: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotton,

Dorothy Comingore, Everett Sloane, Ray

Collins, George Coulouris, Agnes

Moorehead, Paul Stewart, Ruth Warrick,

Erskine Sanford, William Alland.

País: Estados Unidos.

Año: 1941.

Género: Thriller.

Duración: 119 minutos.

Compañía: RKO Pictures.

Sinopsis

La Guerra de los Mundos de H.G.Wells fue representada en la noche del 30 de octubre

de 1938 por Orson Welles y retransmitida en directo por la emisora CBS. En la novela

de H.G. Wells tiene lugar la llegada de los extraterrestres a la ciudad de Nueva Jersey, y

eso es exactamente lo que se dramatiza en la emisora de radio.

A pesar de que al principio de la emisión e incluso hacia la mitad del relato se avisa de

que es una narración y no es real, el pánico ya se ha apoderado de la ciudad y la gente

colapsa los teléfonos, las comisarías de policía y los hospitales, sembrando un tremendo

caos en la población.

Este éxito de Orson Welles como organizador principal del falso noticiario, le valió la

entrada triunfal en el mundo del cine y el reconocimiento público de su talento.


UNIT 5 – + Information

+ Information

Interviewing Orson Welles: his career

The reporters Bazin and Bitsch from the magazine Cahiers du Cinéma, interviewed

Orson Welles in 1958. They were looking forward to having a conversation with Orson.

At least, in that year, in Cannes Festival, they had their chance. After the interview, the

text was translated by Senses of cinema.

It was a short conversation, but the material is

long and about an interesting topic: the films

Orson was working on, his expectations, his

disappointments, the freedom of working in

his movies, the method of working with

people, what he thinks about working on

television, radio or cinema…

All these questions can help you to have an

idea about what kind of person Orson Welles

was. He had a very strong personality and

very clear ideas about how he wanted to work,

so it caused a few misunderstandings with

some people who he shared a job with in any

moment.

Read the interview thoroughly and draw your own conclusions. Follow the link bellow:

http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/08/46/orson-welles-bazin-bitsch.html

Orson Welles’s Othello


UNIT 5 – VIP

VIP

Orson Welles

He was born in May 6th, 1915 (Kenosha, Wisconsin,

U.S.) and died in October, 10th in 1985 (Los

Angeles) He was an American motion-picture

actor, director, producer, and writer. His

innovative narrative techniques and use of

photography, dramatic lighting, and music to

further the dramatic line and to create mood

combined to make his Citizen Kane (1941)—which

he wrote, directed, produced, and acted in—one of

the most influential films in the history of the art.

From his progressive mother (a pianist and crack

shot with a rifle), Welles learned to play the piano and the violin. His parents separated

when he was six years old, and his mother died when he was eight. Through his father,

a successful inventor and manufacturer, who died when his son was 13, Welles met

actors and sportsmen. By the time he was 11, Welles had traveled around the world

twice. He attended the Todd School for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois, where he was an

indifferent student but learned much about dramatics. He studied briefly at the Art

Institute of Chicago and worked as a reporter before going to Ireland, where he made a

sketching tour by donkey cart. His stage debut was made at the Gate Theatre, Dublin, in

the autumn of 1931, where he acted in Hamlet.

Welles remained in Ireland for a year, acting with the Abbey Players as well as at the

Gate. After a tour of Spain and Morocco, he returned to Chicago and then toured with

Katharine Cornell's company in 1933–34, playing Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet,

Marchbanks in Candida, and Octavius Barrett in The Barretts of Wimpole Street. In

1934 he organized a drama festival at Woodstock, where he played Hamlet. He made

his New York debut as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet in December 1934. Welles was the

director of an all-black cast in Macbeth for the Negro People's Theatre, a part of the

Federal Theatre Project, in 1936. In 1937 he formed the Mercury Theatre, which

presented a renowned modern-dress version of Shakespeare's Julius Caesar.


UNIT 5 – VIP

His radio career began early in 1934 in an adaptation of the poet Archibald MacLeish's

verse play Panic. In 1934–35 he narrated The March of Time news series, and

subsequent radio roles included the part of Lamont Cranston in the mystery series The

Shadow. In 1938 the Mercury players undertook a series of radio dramas adapted from

famous novels. They attained national notoriety with the program based on H.G.

Wells's War of the Worlds; the performance on October 30th, 1938, using the format of

a simulated news broadcast, announced an attack on New Jersey by invaders from

Mars. Thousands of listeners, not realizing the announcement was a simulation, were

panic-stricken.

In 1940 Welles, on contract to RKO, went to Hollywood and made the classic film

Citizen Kane (1941), which portrayed the life of a newspaper magnate (suggestive of

William Randolph Hearst, who sought to ban the movie), and The Magnificent

Ambersons (1942), a screen version of Booth Tarkington's novel of the same name.

Welles directed and starred in The Stranger (1946), The Lady from Shanghai (1947),

and Macbeth (1948). He then lived for several years in Europe, where he produced,

directed, and acted in Othello (1952) and Mr. Arkadin (1955). He returned to

Hollywood to direct and perform in Touch of Evil (1958), then went back to Europe for

Le Procès (1962; The Trial) and Campanadas a medianoche (1966; Chimes at

Midnight). In 1974 he wrote, directed, and acted in the highly original F for Fake.

Welles also appeared as an actor in many other films, including Jane Eyre (1944), The

Third Man (1949), The Long, Hot Summer (1958), Compulsion (1959), A Man for All

Seasons (1966), and Catch-22 (1970). His later stage work included the title roles in

Othello (London, 1951) and King Lear (New York City, 1956).

http://www.biography.com/articles/Orson-Welles-9527363


UNIT 5 – Recording yourself

Recording yourself

About the Orson Welles

After reading this section about Orson Welles, his life and his career, answer the

following questions, and, of course, record yourself:

You’ve already heard about the personality of this artist; but what’s your opinion of

him? Do you think it’s a typical kind of personality in actors, actresses, directors, etc.?

In your opinion, what’s the main reason why people got panic-stricken listening to

The War of the Worlds?

After visiting the link of the section “+Information” and knowing about Orson’s

disappointment, what do you think the reason is?

¿Cómo grabarte? Es muy sencillo, solo necesitas unos cascos con micrófono incorporado. En

el menú Inicio de Windows, deberás desplegar la pestaña Todos los programas, pinchar en

Accesorios, Entretenimiento y Grabadora de sonidos. Aparecerá en tu pantalla un menú muy

sencillo para que puedas grabar y escuchar tu voz. Una vez que lo tengas grabado (puedes hacer

las pruebas que sean necesarias) pincha en Archivo y guárdalo con extensión *.wav. Por

ejemplo: juan.perez_unit1.wav.


UNIT 5 – Exercises

Exercises

Language practice 5A

Lectura

1. Lee el artículo y empareja las fechas con lo sucedido:

15th December 1996

CYNTHIA LENNON ON LIFE WITH JOHN

and why her favourite song isn’t by the Beatles.

Cynthia, 56, met her first husband, John

Lennon, when they were students. They got

married in 1962, had one son, Julian, and

got divorced six years later. She now lives in

the Isle of Man with an ex-chauffeur, Jim

Christie.

What’s your favourite item on

clothing?

A black dress. It’s probably too big for me,

but it’s very comfortable. I bought it from

Marks & Spencer two years ago.

What’s your favourite pair of shoes?

I like comfortable shoes. I have a pair of red

and green walking shoes which I bought

three years ago. I’ve walked all over France

and Britain in them.

What’s the most expensive thing you

have ever bought?

In 1970 I bought a house with a swimming

pool near London for £23,000.

What’s the most you have ever spent

on another person?

I bought Julian a second-hand Bechstein

grand piano for his 18th birthday in 1981. He

composed his first song on that piano.

What’s your favourite song?

Strangely not a Beatles song. My favourite

song is Cole Porter’s Night and Day. I heard

it in a film and there was something really

romantic about it.

Who’s your best friend and how did

you meet?

Phyllis McKenzie. We met at school at the

age of twelve. We’re still close friends.



1940 1952 1962 1968 1970 1981

Julian’s 18th birthday. ________________

She got divorced. ________________

She was born. ___1940__________

She met her best friend. ________________

She bought a house with a swimming pool. ________________

How long? + for / since

2. Escribe preguntas sobre Cynthia con How long…?

Be divorced?

_How long has she been divorced?_________________

Have / her favourite dress?

_________________________________________

Have / her favourite shoes?

_________________________________________

Live / on the Isle of Man?

_________________________________________

Her son Julian / have / his piano?

_________________________________________

Escribe las respuestas a las preguntas anteriores con for o since.

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________



El pretérito perfecto

3. Corrige los errores de cada frase:

I work here for ten years.

_I ‘ve worked here for ten years___________________

I been married since 1996.

_________________________________________

Mario has bought his car three years ago.

_________________________________________

Eva’s had a cold since three days.

_________________________________________

They know each other since they were children.

_________________________________________

She’s lived there for all her life.

_________________________________________



Language practice 5B

Verbo + to + infinitivo

1. Completa el siguiente texto con to + un verbo de la siguiente lista:

change do have look throw away lose spend have

THE SECRET OF ETERNAL YOUTH

Do you want __to look__ younger? Are you trying _________ weight? Do you want

___________ plastic surgery? Do you need _________ at least £25 a week on face creams?

Well, you can forget all these things! A recent study at Indiana University has shown that the

answer to the problem of getting older is… water!

Every time you have a shower you feel less stressed and your blood pressure goes down. A hot

shower followed by a cold shower will detoxify the body and stimulate you. Hot baths or jacuzzis

are also good for your skin and help you to relax. If you would like ____________ more

energy, drink a litre of water a day. It’s also good for your skin.

So, if you’re planning _____________ your image and lose a few years, now it’s time to decide

___________all your bottles and jars – all you need ___________ is turn on the tap.

¿Like o would like?

2. Completa las frases con (not) like o would (n’t) like utilizando la persona

correspondiente del verbo.

She really likes classical music.

There’s a good concert on tomorrow and she __________ to go.

The ________ to live in Kenya because they hate hot weather.

He ________ sport- he thinks it’s boring.



My brother _________to be a footballer because they earn a lot of money.

A- _______ you ______ to see a film tonight? Dracula’s on cinema.

B- Oh no, not Dracula. I _______ horror films.

Vocabulario

Numera los grupos por edades, de los más jóvenes a los más mayores.

An adult Old

Middle-aged A teenager

1 A baby A child



Language practice 5C

So / because

1. Lee la historia y complétala con las frases de la a a la g:

FILM REVIEW

The film West Side Story

is a modern version of

Romeo and Juliet. The

film takes place in New

York. There are two

enemy gangs, the Jets,

who are white Americans,

and the Sharks, who are

Puerto Ricans.

One day Tony, a Jet, goes

to a dance and meets

María, the sister of the

leader of the Sharks, and

they fall in love. Her

brother is very angry

because __C__. Tony

wants to see Maria again

so that night _____. They

meet in secret because

_______. They plan to

marry, but the next day

there is a fight between

the Jets and the Sharks.

Bernardo, Maria’s

brother, kills Tony’s best

friend, so _______.

Maria doesn’t know what

to do because ______.

She decides to go away

with Tony, but he has to

hide because _______.

One of the Sharks tells

Tony that Maria is dead,

so _____. He goes out

into the street and waits

for the Sharks to kill him.

At that moment Maria

finds him, but it is too

late. One of the Sharks

shoots him, and he dies in

her arms. Finally, the Jets

and the Sharks make their

peace and become friends.

A Tony wants to die too

B She doesn’t want her family to know

C She is a Puerto Rican and Tony is a Jet

D She loves Tony but Bernardo was her brother

E The Sharks want to kill him

F Tony kills Bernardo

G He goes to her balcony



Had to / didn’t have to

2. Empareja las frases que tienes debajo en las dos columnas:

1 The concert was free A I had to go to the bank

2 My friend lent me a suit B We didn’t have to pay

3 I needed some money C We didn’t have to stop

4 He had to go to the hospital D I had to work late

5 The traffic lights were green E He broke his leg

6 I couldn’t go to the party F I didn’t have to buy one

Escribe seis frases con so o because:

__The concert was free so we didn’t have to pay______

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________



Language practice 5D

Preguntas con / sin verbo auxiliar

1. Escribe con los verbos siguientes preguntas sobre los dibujos del cuadro:

compose direct discover paint sing write

_Who directed Jurassic Park?_

__Spielberg__

____________________

__________

____________________

__________

____________________

__________

____________________

___________

____________________

__________

Contesta las preguntas anteriores con los nombres de la lista:

Fleming Spielberg Sinatra Perrault Ravel Van Gogh

JURASSIC PARK

FRANK SINATRA M Y W AY

RAVEL’S VOLERO

PENIC ILLIN SLEEPING Beauty

SUNFLOWERS



2. Escribe las preguntas que empiecen por ‘When…?’ sobre los dibujos del cuadro

anterior:

1888 1928 1928 1967 1991 1960

_When did he direct it? _______________

_In 1991__

________________ _______________

________

________________ _______________

________

________________ _______________

________

________________ _______________

________

________________ _______________

________

3. Escribe las preguntas correspondientes:

Tolstoy wrote War and Peace.

_Who wrote War and Peace?__________________

Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969.

_When_ _______________________________

Nelson Mandela became a President of South Africa in 1990.

_Who__ _______________________________

Paul McCartney wrote Yesterday in 1967.

_What song__ ___________________________

Mrs. Thatcher resigned in 1990.

_When__ ______________________________



Preposiciones de tiempo

4. Completa con on, at o in o con un guión (-) cuando no se necesite preposición:

My birthday is _on_ 24th July.

They went on holidays _____ August.

He was born _____ March 13th 1965.

What were you doing _____ last night _____ six o’clock?

She got up late _____ yesterday morning.

He died _____ 1980.

I often go to the beach _____ the summer.

Are you going out _____Saturday night?



Grammar check UNIT 5

1. El pretérito perfecto + for / since

Escribe for o since según corresponda

a. _for_ two years

b. ____ I was a child

c. ____ September

d. ____ half an hour

e. ____ 1996

f. ____ a long time

Escribe frases con for o since sobre los siguientes dibujos utilizando contracciones:

1. Be / on the island 2. Live / in their house 3. Work / here

4. Have / a mortorbike 5. Be / married

_He’s been on the island for 20 years.__________

_They_______________ ________________

_He_______________ _________________

_She_______________ _________________

_They_______________ ________________

20 years

1990

10 years

November

54 years



Escribe preguntas sobre los dibujos anteriores con ‘How long…?’

_How long has he been on the island?__________

_ _______________ ___________________

_ _______________ ___________________

_ _______________ ___________________

_ _______________ ___________________

2. Verbo + to + infinitivo

Completa con el verbo correspondiente:

be change have study go out

He has decided __to change__ his job.

I’m tired. I don’t want ________ today.

We’re planning _________ a party next weekend.

To pass the exam, you need _________ harder.

Would you like ________ a teacher?

Escribe el verbo en el tiempo correspondiente:

He likes _cooking_. (cook)

Would you like ________ rich? (be)

I would like _________ abroad. (work)

Do you like ______? (swim)



3. So / because

Escribe la palabra correspondiente:

You missed the beginning of the film _because_ you were late.

She was ill ______ she didn’t go to work.

We had champagne _________ it was my birthday.

They needed to relax ________ they went on holiday.

4. Had to / didn’t have to

Completa con el verbo correspondiente:

_Did you have to_ wear uniform at school?

A bus came after five minutes so ______________ wait long. (We)

__________ work late yesterday. We were busy. (I)

____________get up early? (He)

5. Las preguntas con / sin verbo auxiliar

Tacha lo que sea incorrecto:

What happened / did happen?

Who lives / does live in that flat?

What means this word / does this word mean?

What film saw you / did you see?

Documents

UNIT 5 · 2019. 3. 18. · Inglés para profesionales de la comunicación I UNIT 5 – Pay attention to... Æ En el caso del verbo like, si dicho verbo va solo se escribe a continuación