Unit 4: WWII

d) The rise of fascism in Italy and Germany

d) The rise of fascismA) What is fascism?–

– It is a system that is anti-democratic, anti-parliamentary, anti-egalitarian, anti-socialist and anti-individualistic

d) The rise of fascism• A fascist system is against:– Liberalism– ______________– The natural goodness

of humans– Individualism– ______________– ______________– (fight against social classes)

d) The rise of fascism• A fascist system is for:

–

– The confusion of three powers: executive, legislative and judicial

– • Ban on political parties and trade unions

d) The rise of fascismB) The rise of fascism in Italy:– After WWI, Italy suffered enormously:• 670,000 dead, more than one million disabled• Debts of $ 60 billion• Prices rise three times faster than wages• 600,000 unemployed• Bankruptcies• Political instability• Strikes and occupations• The rich are afraid• The state is very weak

d) The rise of fascism• The establishment of the fascist dictatorship in

Italy:1. 1915 Foundation of the fascist movement2. Severe economic depression after WWI3. Benito Mussolini, elected in 1921 in Milan4. March on Rome in 19225. The Blackshirts (fascists) reverse the fragile

democratic government

d) The rise of fascism5. Establishment of the dictatorship (1922-1926):• Violence by the secret police• Dissolution of political parties and trade unions• Return of members of Parliament

censorship• Ban on emigration• Death of Matteotti (which denounces fascism of Mussolini)

d) The rise of fascism• Features of the system:– → A leader Mussolini (El Duce)– A single political party → The fascist party– Three slogans of of fascism:• Believe!

• Obey!

• Fight!

d) The rise of fascismC) The rise of Nazism in Germany:• In economic terms:– ____________________________(currency)– Germany is heavily affected by the economic crisis– Very high unemployment rate

d) The rise of fascism• At the political level:– Political instability • 12 parties, three ideologies:

– communism, Social Democratic, National Socialism (Nazi)

– Treaty of Versailles: • ______________• ______________

– Weak global political leaders (Chamberlain, League of Nations ...)

d) The rise of fascism• Promises of Hitler for Germany:– – – – –

– –

d) The rise of fascism• The 3 pillars of Nazism in Germany:– ______________• (against equality, democracy ...)

2. ______________• Hitler wants to create a race of Lords Herrenvolk (persons

purebred)

– Aryan:blue eyes, blond hair

d) The rise of fascism3. ______________:– Jews lower the level of development of the people– Against Christ (love, forgiveness ...)– Against Marx (the father of socialism)– Against Freud (the father of modern psychology)

d) The rise of fascismWho influenced Hitler?• Gobineau– A French idea of superior races

• Rosenberg:– A German member of the Nazi Party– Rejects Christianity, supports the persecution of Jews

• Darwin:– a British– Theory of natural selection

d) The rise of fascism• The slogans in Germany under Hitler:– Ein Volk! → A people!

– Ein Reich! → A state!

– Ein Führer! → A leader!