UNIT 7Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War

Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War

WORLD WAR II

Presidents of the United States

• George Washington; Federalist (1788)• John Adams; Federalist (1796)• Thomas Jefferson (1800)• James Madison (1808)• James Monroe (1816)• John Quincy Adams (1824)• Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)• Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)• William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)• John Tyler; Whig (1841)• James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)• Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)• Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)• Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)• James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)• Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)• Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)• Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)• Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)• James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

America: Pathways to the PresentAmerica: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: The Rise of Dictators

Section 2: Europe Goes to War

Section 3: Japan Builds an Empire

Section 4: From Isolationism to War

Chapter 24: World War II: The Road to War (1931–1941)

• CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society.

–Objective 6.3: Describe how American involvement in world conflicts grew from neutrality until declaring war in 1941.

– Objective 6.4: How did the Roosevelt mobilize troops and prepare the economy for war?

– Objective 6.5: Describe the causes and effects of the Holocaust.– Objective 6.6: How did the allies turn the tide of war in retaking Europe and the

Pacific?– Objective 6.7: How did the war change social conditions for women and

minorities?

CHAPTER 24 SECTION 4 FROM ISOLATION TO WAR

The United States foreign policy changed slowly from neutrality to strong support for the Allies and then to our eventual entry into the war.

THE U.S. REMAINS NEUTRAL

Rather than addressing foreign concerns, President Roosevelt focused on domestic issues surrounding the Great Depression during the 1930s.

Congress prevented international involvement by passing a series of Neutrality Acts, which banned America from selling weapons The first Neutrality Act prevented the United States from providing weapons to

nations at war. The second act banned loans to nations at war. The third act permitted trade of nonmilitary goods with fighting nations, as long

as those nations paid cash and transported the cargo themselves. Cash and Carry: the policy in which America sold goods to

warring countries if they paid in cash and picked up goods.

The Neutrality Acts prevented the United States from selling arms even to those nations that were trying to defend themselves from aggression.

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U.S. Involvement Grows

Debating the American Role

After the German invasion of Poland, many Americans began to feel that the United States shared the Allies’ interests.

Roosevelt asked Congress to revise the Neutrality Acts to make them more flexible.

Isolationists formed the America First Committee to block aid to Britain & keep out of war.

The Lend-Lease Act In December 1940, Britain

confessed its inability to pay cash for supplies.

In response, Roosevelt announced a new plan to provide war supplies to Britain without any payment in return.

Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act in March 1941. It gave aid any nation whose defense was vital to American security.

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Pearl Harbor

Final Months of Peace In July 1940, Roosevelt began

limiting what Japan could buy from the United States.

General Tojo Hideki, an army officer who supported war against the United States, became prime minister of Japan in October 1941.

Because they had cracked a top-secret Japanese code, American military leaders knew by November 27 to expect a Japanese attack in the Pacific. However, they did not

know where.

The Attack December 7, 1941:

Japanese warplanes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii

In less than two hours, thousands of Americans were killed and wounded, and hundreds of American ships and planes were destroyed.

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United States Declares War

The attack on Pearl Harbor stunned Americans. Roosevelt declared December 7, 1941 as “a date which will live in infamy.”

On December 8, Congress passed a war resolution, and Roosevelt signed a declaration of war on Japan.

On December 11, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. America was once again involved in a world war.

FDR Pearl Harbor Speech

The Speech

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE

From Isolationism to War —Assessment

Which of the following did the Lend-Lease Act provide?

(A) Trade in nonmilitary goods to fighting nations

(B) An end to loans to nations at war

(C) Aid to nations deemed vital to American security

(D) Sale of weapons to nations at war

What did the America First Committee advocate?

(A) More American aid to Britain

(B) Less American aid to Britain

(C) More American spending on the military

(D) Less American spending on the military

From Isolationism to War —Assessment

Which of the following did the Lend-Lease Act provide?

(A) Trade in nonmilitary goods to fighting nations

(B) An end to loans to nations at war

(C) Aid to nations deemed vital to American security

(D) Sale of weapons to nations at war

What did the America First Committee advocate?

(A) More American aid to Britain

(B) Less American aid to Britain

(C) More American spending on the military

(D) Less American spending on the military