Unit 4Unit 4Sources- What?Sources- What?

ArgumentArgumentOrganizationOrganizationPersuasionPersuasion

APAAPA

SourcesSources What is acceptable?What is acceptable?

Thesis StatementThesis Statement One or two sentences, no more, that One or two sentences, no more, that

give the whole concept of what you give the whole concept of what you are talking about and what your are talking about and what your point of view is.point of view is.

Topic-Fossil Fuel BurningTopic-Fossil Fuel Burning Point of View- Should be Halted.Point of View- Should be Halted.

Try itTry it

ThesisThesis Example:Example: Fossil fuel (coal) burning raises the Fossil fuel (coal) burning raises the

carbon dioxide level in the air and is carbon dioxide level in the air and is a major cause of global warming; a major cause of global warming; therefore, other means of creating therefore, other means of creating energy must be developed and energy must be developed and utilized.utilized.

ClaimsClaims A claim is your side of the argument. It A claim is your side of the argument. It

is the ‘pro’ side. It is what you are is the ‘pro’ side. It is what you are basing your argument on.basing your argument on.

3 claims3 claims 1. burning fossil fuel creates carbon 1. burning fossil fuel creates carbon

dioxidedioxide 2. carbon dioxide in atmosphere 2. carbon dioxide in atmosphere

fosters global warmingfosters global warming 3. other types of energy need to be 3. other types of energy need to be

developed.developed.

ArgumentArgument Argumentation: Anticipating Argumentation: Anticipating

ObjectionsObjectionsand Making Concessionsand Making Concessions– When writing an argumentative When writing an argumentative

research paper, it is helpful to research paper, it is helpful to include two important writing include two important writing strategies: anticipating objections strategies: anticipating objections and making concessions.and making concessions.    

AnticipateAnticipate– Anticipating objections--Anticipating objections--When you When you

anticipate objections to your argument anticipate objections to your argument or proposal, you are making an effort to or proposal, you are making an effort to see the others' viewpoints. By making an see the others' viewpoints. By making an effort, I mean you actually effort, I mean you actually statestate other other viewpoints. You are also troubleshooting viewpoints. You are also troubleshooting problems that you must overcome to problems that you must overcome to write a thorough proposal or position write a thorough proposal or position paper. These can be called challengespaper. These can be called challenges   

ChallengesChallenges These are arguments I expect my These are arguments I expect my

readers will make to my claims.readers will make to my claims. Jobs will be lostJobs will be lost Other energy sources are more Other energy sources are more

expensiveexpensive Some, like nuclear power, are Some, like nuclear power, are

dangerousdangerous

What you needWhat you need Three claimsThree claims Two challengesTwo challenges These must be researched and These must be researched and

proven by the research from valid proven by the research from valid sources.sources.

Develop Claims and Develop Claims and Challenges Challenges

Develop as you researchDevelop as you research 1. Fossil fuel burning creates carbon 1. Fossil fuel burning creates carbon

dioxide. dioxide. what, why, how, where whenwhat, why, how, where when

APAAPA Only 2 things to think about –Only 2 things to think about – IntextIntext Reference pageReference page

In textIn text Quotes (name, date, page) and Quotes (name, date, page) and

quote marksquote marks Paraphrase (name, date)Paraphrase (name, date) Summary (name, date)Summary (name, date) NO URLS IN TEXTNO URLS IN TEXT http:// www.notintext.comintext.com

Reference pageReference page

Complete citationComplete citation Changes depending on source, always follows Changes depending on source, always follows

basic pattern.basic pattern. Pigott, T. (2006). The marketplace of meaning. Pigott, T. (2006). The marketplace of meaning.

Canadian Business, 79Canadian Business, 79(19), 116-118.(19), 116-118.     Retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from      Retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from the Academic Search Premier database. the Academic Search Premier database.

Pigott, T. (2006). The marketplace of meaning. Pigott, T. (2006). The marketplace of meaning. Canadian Business, 79Canadian Business, 79(19), 116-118.(19), 116-118.     Retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from the Academic Search Premier database.      Retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2007, from the Academic Search Premier database.

Name, date, article title (no caps but first word and proper nouns)Journal title ( With caps and italics) Volume and issue (no words)Page numbers if possible or importantDate retrievedDatabase or website

Practice QuotePractice Quote There are many things important in There are many things important in

life like saying yaba daba dibble witz.life like saying yaba daba dibble witz. Maenz, Lou (2007), Mind games, Maenz, Lou (2007), Mind games,

Crazed Prof, Crazed Prof, 7 (23)7 (23) 103, 103, Retrieved Retrieved on Jan 1, 2011 from on Jan 1, 2011 from www.poppycock.nut

QuoteQuote According to Professor Maenz, life According to Professor Maenz, life

has little goodies that should be kept has little goodies that should be kept in mind, like saying”yaba, daba, in mind, like saying”yaba, daba, dibble witz”(pg. 7, 2007).dibble witz”(pg. 7, 2007).

Included are name, date and page.Included are name, date and page. Only words that couldn’t be Only words that couldn’t be

paraphrased are quoted.paraphrased are quoted.

PracticePractice Full citation:Full citation: Maenz, Lou (2007), Mind games, Maenz, Lou (2007), Mind games, Crazed Crazed

Prof, Prof, 7 (23)7 (23) 103, 103, Retrieved on Jan 1, 2011 Retrieved on Jan 1, 2011 from from www.poppycock.nut

To be paraphrased:To be paraphrased: It has been discovered that Halloween It has been discovered that Halloween

witches do exist. They only fly in from the witches do exist. They only fly in from the dark side of the moon, which is not blue dark side of the moon, which is not blue cheese but brie, on the 30cheese but brie, on the 30thth of Oct. This is of Oct. This is done so they can get candy as they have a done so they can get candy as they have a deep love of sweets and are also really, deep love of sweets and are also really, really cheap.really cheap.

Bye byeBye byeThanks for comingThanks for coming