Unit 4

From Nationalism to

Sectionalism

Warm-Up: How might a war bring a nation closer

together?

The Hartford Convention

• 26 delegates met in

Hartford to discuss

secession from U.S.

• Opposed to the War of

1812

• Leads to the end of the

Federalist Party

Election of 1816

James Monroe (D-R)

Rufus King (F) and four other candidates

Result was no surprise

• Feds very unpopular due to Hartford Convention

James Monroe 183 ECV

Rufus King 34 ECV

James Monroe Virginian plantation

owner Fought in Rev War

(shot at Trenton; holding flag)

Served in Congress, US Senate; diplomat to France; Governor of VA

One of the negotiators of LA Purchase

James Monroe

Monroe asPresident

“Era of Good Feelings”, 1816-1824

No partisanship (b/c only one political party existed)

Society expanding, growing, building (W, pop, new constr)

Nationalism strong (W of 1812)

Marred by Panic of 1819 & slavery issue

Panic of 1819 Land Act of 1800

• Remember the NW Ordinance of 1787?

• Divided NW Territory; created Indiana Territory and Ohio T.

• Removed 640 acre minimum purchase price

• Changed to 160 acres at $2.00 per acre, payable over 4 years w/ $80 down

• State banks loaned to money to virtually anyone to buy land

• Many bought, few could afford

Land Act of 1800

Causes of the 1819 Panic

2nd Bank of U.S. conservative credit policies

• Called in loans made to state banks

• State banks failed b/c land speculators couldn’t repay state bank loans

End of Napoleonic Wars

• Agricultural prices dropped (Europe coming around)

• Lower demand for US manufactured goods as European goods flooded US

• Resulting unemployment

Fixing the Panic

Land Act of 1820

• Eliminated purchase of federal land on credit

• 80 acres at $1.25 per acre, cash only! Down payment $100

• Made western lands MUCH more affordable

Regional differences

• North = raise tariffs

• South = lower tariffs

Slavery

Missouri becomes first state west of Mississippi ready for statehood

Issues

• Senate balance between slave, non-slave

• Should Western lands have slavery?

Slave States Free States

GA IL

SC PA

VA NJ

NC CT

KY MA

TN IN

LA NH

MD NY

MS RI

AL VT

DE OH

List of States, 1820

Slavery in the West Tallmadge Amendment

• NY Rep James Tallmadge

• Forbid additional importation of slaves into MO

• Gradual emancipation, at age 25

• Began nationwide debate & agitation over slavery issue

• House adopted, but Senate defeated it

Missouri Compromise, 1820 Henry Clay (remember

him?)

• Speaker of the House

• Proposed compromise

Missouri = slave state

Maine = free state

• Preserved Senate balance

LA Territory division

• North of line = free

• South of line = slaveMissouri Compromise line

Election of 1820 Monroe ran

unopposed

Monroe wins all ECV – except one

• GW story

• Truth: NH Elector didn’t like Monroe’s policies (“wasteful extravagance”)

Monroe: 221 ECVJohn Q. Adams 1 ECV

Monroe Administration Political Atrophy

• No Federalists = DRs dominate

• Monroe neglected party building at local level

Internal development• Infrastructure

construction (“American System”)

• Westward mobility

Foreign affairs• Gained FL thru Adams-

Onis Treaty (1821)

• Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Official WH Portrait

WARM UP

Explain the significance of the Monroe Doctrine.

What was meant by Era of Good Feelings?

Explain the purpose of the Missouri Compromise

Election of 1824

Two ballots: 1 president, 1 VP

4 Presidential candidates• Andrew Jackson

(TN)

• John Quincy Adams (MA)

• Wm. H. Crawford (SC)

• Henry Clay (KY)

1 VP candidate: John C. Calhoun (SC)

Jackson: 153,544 / 99 ECVAdams: 108,740 / 84 ECVCrawford: 46,618 / 41 ECVClay: 47,136 / 37 ECV

SO WHO WON???

Election of 1824

NO ONE!!!• Voting went along sectional lines

• 131 ECV for majority, to win

No ECV majority, so 12th

Amendment = House of Reps• Each state gets 1 vote

• Vote on top three ECV winners: Jackson, Adams, Crawford

“Corrupt Bargain”• Clay, House Speaker, hated

Jackson

• Clay threw support behind Adams

• Adams won on First Ballot in House

• Clay appointed Secretary of State

Jackson

Adams

Clay

Crawford

Fallout from Election of 1824

Revival of Two Party System

Democratic Republican Party

Democratic Party

Andrew JacksonMartin Van Buren

National Republican Party(become “Whigs”)

John Quincy AdamsHenry Clay

John Quincy Adams

Son of John Adams (2nd President)

Only President to be married to foreign born wife, Louisa

Diplomat under GW, Dad, Madison

Sec’y of State under Monroe

Main author of Monroe Doctrine

Louisa Adams

John Q. Adams

President Adams’ Admin

Wanted to continue the “American System”• High tariff (supported

internal development)• National Bank• High land prices (= gov’t

revenue)• Roads & canals

Great opposition to Adams in Congress• Narrow victory = no

mandate• Jackson, his supporters

resisted giving Adams any victories; blocked all of American System

Election of 1828 Jackson & Calhoun

vs. Adams & Rush

Incumbent VP switched sides!

Jackson wins handily

New coalition of Democrats

• South, West regions

• PA, VA (Van Buren)

ResultsJackson: 178 ECV / 642,553Adams: 83 ECV / 500,897