Unit 4Topic: From Isolation to World War (1930-1945)�

�The isolationist approach to foreign policy meant U.S. leadership in world affairs diminished after World War I. Overseas, certain nations saw the growth of tyrannical governments that reasserted

their power through aggression and created conditions leading to the Second World War. After Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War

II, which changed the country’s focus from isolationism to international involvement.

Chapter 1: United States Isolationism

Content Statement: During the 1930’s, the U.S. government attempted to distance the country from

earlier interventionist policies in the Western Hemisphere as well as retain an isolationist approach to events in Europe and Asia until the beginning of

WWII.��

Expectations for Learning: Analyze the reasons for American isolationist sentiment in the interwar

period.

Section 1: Good Neighbor Policy

Content Elaboration: Following World War I, the United States was reluctant to become entangled in overseas conflicts that would lead to another war. Although it had used the Monroe Doctrine and the

Roosevelt Corollary to justify intervention into Latin American affairs, the U.S. retreated from these

policies during the 1930’s with the Good Neighbor Policy

Post WWI Foreign Policy•  Review:

– Monroe Doctrine: Early 19th Century. President Monroe tells European countries they can not colonize or interfere in the Americas or it would be seen as an act of aggression. Likewise, the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs

– Roosevelt Corollary: Early 20th Century. President Teddy Roosevelt adds this to the Monroe Doctrine, basically re-stating to European countries that the U.S. will take care of things in the Americas

U.S. Isolationism

•  After the War and especially in the 1930’s, the United States had a policy of isolationism: take care of ourselves and not get involved in foreign affairs.

Good Neighbor Policy

•  The policy's main principle was that of non-intervention and non-interference in the domestic affairs of Latin America. It also reinforced the idea that the United States would be a “good neighbor” and engage in reciprocal exchanges with Latin American countries. Overall, the Roosevelt administration expected that this new policy would create new economic opportunities in the form of reciprocal trade agreements and reassert the influence of the United States in Latin America.

Good Neighbor Policy

•  This was an example of the U.S. wanting to be isolated from foreign affairs.

Section 2: The Rise of Dictators and the Neutrality

Acts

Content Elaboration: Content Elaboration: The Neutrality Acts of the 1930s were attempts to isolate the country from the problems erupting in Asia and

Europe.

When FDR took over in 1933, world prospects were grim.

Europe was again in shambles and close to war. Europe did

not like democracy or the ideals that the United States

was trying to promote.

�The Rise of Hitler

1. Hitler: Rose to power in Germany in the years between the World Wars.2. Wrote Mein Kampf—became the bible of the Nazis3. Wanted to create a “Third Reich”—the next great German empire4. Master Race—everyone else was inferior

C. The Nazi Party• 1. Hitler’s party• 2. Millions joined

• 3. Resented Treaty of Versailles

D. Reasons for Resentment of Treaty of Versailles

•  1. Too harsh–  a. Took away German land (EX: Poland and Czechoslovakia

formed; Alsace-Lorraine region returned to France; German coal-mining region given to France for 15 years)

–  b. Gave up colonies in Africa and all over the world–  c Pay war reparations—payments for losing a war–  d. Decrease Germany’s military (no more than 100,000 soldiers)–  e. Germany not allowed to make or import war materials–  f led to depression in Germany–  g. led to high inflation in Germany

Hitler Comes to Power•  A. Germany•  1. Economy was

terrible•  2. Weak gov.•  3. Who will help?•  4. Who is to

blame?

•  B. Hitler•  1. Blamed Jews•  2. Great speaker•  3. great organizer•  4. Others didn’t take

Hitler serious•  5. killed innocent

people•  6. started

concentration camps—places to exterminate Jews and others

Hitler Comes to Power, Cont.•  C. “Heil Hitler!”•  D. Concentration camps•  1. Jews•  2. anti-Nazi

Protestants and Catholics

•  3. gas chambers•  4. extracted gold

teeth of corpses

•  5. ashes = fertilizer

•  E. other countries•  1. Soviet Union-

Joseph Stalin•  2. Japan--Tojo•  3. Italy--Benito

Mussolini

Concentration Camps

For More on the Holocaust, Click on the Link Below

http://historywiz.com/holocaust-mm.htm

The Looming Threat of War•  A. Italy, Japan and Russia•  1. WWI = ally•  2. WWII = enemy•  B. Germany•  1. building great army and weapons•  C. Beginning•  1. Italy invades Ethiopia (1935)•  2. Germany invades Rhineland (1936)•  3. Hitler and Mussolini support Francisco

Franco in Spain•  a. Civil war in Spain

• WAR IS BREWING!!!!!!!!!

Japanese-American Relations

•  A. Military taking over Japan•  1. Japan seized Manchuria (1931)•  2. Attacked weak China (1937)•  3. Sank U.S. Panay (1937)•  4. U.S. worried, but no war•  B. Japan bought weapons from U.S. since 1911•  1. using them on China•  2. we ended this 1937

FDR and Neutrality•  A. Neutral—not choosing sides •  B. FDR: can’t stay neutral if fighting continues•  C. Many people want peace•  1. pacifists•  2. isolationists•  3. German Americans•  D. 1935-1936--Neutrality Acts passed

Neutrality Acts•  The Neutrality Acts were passed by the 

United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts.

•  The legacy of the Neutrality Acts is widely regarded as having been generally negative: they made no distinction between aggressor and victim, treating both equally as "belligerents"; and they limited the US government's ability to aid Britain and France  against Nazi Germany. The acts were largely repealed in 1941, in the face of German submarine attacks on U.S. vessels and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

•  Hitler on the March�***Refer to the Map on page 661

•  A. Germany’s “Third Reich”•  1. Austria•  2. Czechoslovakia•  3. Poland•  B. 1938 Germany takes over Austria•  C. Germany takes over the Sudetenland (Czech)•  D. Munich Pact (Sept. 1938)•  1. P.M. Chamberlain (G.B.)•  2. Premier Daladier (France)•  3. Hitler (Germany)

Munich Pact

•  deal between Great Britain/France and Germany that appeased Hitler by allowing him to take the Sudetenland in return for promising to take no more land

Hitler on the March, continued•  ***Appeasement!!!!--to yield or concede to the

belligerent demands of (a nation, group, person, etc.) in a conciliatory effort, sometimes at the expense of justice or other principles G.B. and France appeased Hitler by giving him Czechoslovakia!!!!!

•  ***If they would have been tough, Hitler would have been ousted!!!!!!!!

•  Now, Hitler is on a high and getting more and more power!!!! Did the appeasement work?

War Comes to Europe

•  A. Russia--non aggression pact with Ger. (1939): deal made between the Soviet Union and Germany in 1930 where each promised not to attack one another

•  1. Germany gets West Poland•  2. S.U. gets Finland, Estonia, Latvia,

Lithuania, and East Poland•  3. Germany = no 2 front war!•  4. S.U. = buffer zone from Germany

War Comes to Europe, continued! B. Hitler attacks Poland!  1. Sept. 1, 1939--invasion begins!  2. Sept. 3--France and England declare war

on Germany!  3. Sept. 17--Stalin (S.U.) invades E. Poland!  4. Sept. 29--Poland gives in!  a. Germany = West Poland!  b. Soviet Union = East Poland

! The attack on Poland is the official beginning of World War II in Europe.

The U.S. Reacts

• A. FDR wants to help the Allies •  ***(No neutral this time!!!!)• B. If wait, bad guys may win.• C. 1939--Congress allows U.S.

to sell arms to Allies

OGT Multiple Choice

•  A political organization that many Germans, unhappy with conditions in their nation after World War I, joined was Hitler’s

•  A. Communist party•  B. Nazi party•  C. Fascist party•  D. German Christian party

OGT Multiple Choice

•  In the 1930’s, the U.S. government passed laws that were designed to keep us out of war. These laws were known as the

•  A. Axis Acts •  B. World War II Acts •  C. Neutrality Acts •  D. Hitler Acts

OGT Multiple Choice

•  _____ A place invented by the Nazis to hold and dispose of Jews was a(n)

•  A. German district•  B. quarantine camp•  C. concentration camp•  D. isolation district

OGT Multiple Choice•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) One of the

goals of the Holocaust during World War II was to

•  A. eliminate the Jewish population•  B. achieve greater diversity of the

population of Germany •  C. create a new nation for the Jewish

population•  D. eliminate the German population

OGT Multiple Choice

•  The event that started World War II in Europe was Germany’s invasion of

•  A. the Soviet Union•  B. Belgium•  C. Poland•  D. France

OGT Multiple Choice

•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) One of the causes of World War II is considered to be the policy of appeasement of German demands. This was evidenced by which of the following events?

•  A. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in northeast China in 1931

•  B. The Soviet Union sending troops to fight in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939

•  C. The British and French declaring war on Germany after it invaded Poland in 1939

•  D. The British and French agreeing to Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland in 1938

OGT Multiple Choice•  (2005 Practice Test) In what way did the Treaty of Versailles

establish conditions that led to the outbreak of World War II?

•  A. It called for dissolving the League of Nations, thus removing an organization for resolving future conflicts.

•  B. It gave Germany too much power by letting Germany keep the Alsace-Lorraine region of France.

•  C. It imposed harsh reparations payments on Germany, which led to economic and political instability.

•  D. It weakened the Allied countries by making France, England, and Russia reduce the size of their armies.

OGT Multiple Choice

•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Which of the following was not a military dictator who rose to power in the years between the two world wars?

•  A. Hitler--Germany•  B. Napolean--France•  C. Tojo--Japan•  D. Mussolini--Italy

OGT Multiple Choice

•  The agreement to appease Hitler and give the Nazis the rest of Czechoslovakia was done in the

•  A. Versailles Peace Treaty•  B. Platt Amendment•  C. Neutrality Act of 1937•  D. Munich Pact

OGT Multiple Choice

•  Adolf Hitler wrote a book that was the Bible of the Nazi Party. This book was called

•  A. The Nazi Struggle •  B. The World According to Hitler •  C. Mein Kampf •  D. Communist Belief

OGT Multiple Choice•  Which was not part of the non aggression

pact between the Soviet Union and Germany in 1939?

•  A. Germany would get West Poland•  B. The Soviet Union would be forced to

declare war on the United States •  C. Each would promise NOT to attack each

other•  D. The Soviet Union would get Finland,

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and East Poland

OGT Multiple Choice

•  Hitler’s goal of uniting all of the German areas together into one empire was known as the

•  A. 1st Reich •  B. 2nd Reich •  C. 3rd Reich •  D. 4th Reich

OGT Multiple Choice

•  All of the following were examples of aggression by the Axis Powers prior to 1939 except

•  A. Germany invading the Rhineland•  B. Italy invading Ethiopia •  C. The United States invading France•  D. Japan invading Manchuria

OGT Extended Response

•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Analyze how the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, at the end of World War I, helped lead into World War II. (4 points)

OGT Short Answer•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Explain how economic,

political, and social unrest led to the rise of militaristic regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan during the 1920’s and 1930’s. (2 points)

Section 3: The War in Europe Expands and the End of U.S.

IsolationismContent Elaboration: The United States tried to

maintain its isolationist approach when war broke out in Europe. But to aid countries fighting against fascist aggression, the United States introduced the cash-and-carry policy, negotiated the destroyer-for-bases agreement and enacted the Lend-Lease Policy.

It also helped write the Atlantic Charter. The expansionist policies of Japan and the bombing of

Pearl Harbor ended U.S. isolationist policies.

�The Battlefield is Everywhere

"  A. For 6 months = no war “Phony War”"  1. British moving troops to France"  2. French sat behind Maginot Line"  a. 350 mile line of tunnels, concrete forts,"  and antitank fields"  3. Headlines: “phony war”"  B. Nov. 1939"  1. Soviet Union attacks Finland"  2. Finns were brave"  C. April 1940-- “Blitzkrieg”

The New Warfare•  A. Blitzkrieg “Lightning

warfare”•  1. strike quickly

(Much different than WWI)

•  2. air power•  3. use fast vehicles•  a. planes,

tanks, trucks, motorcycles!

•  B. Hitler on the move•  1. April 9, 1940--

Denmark and Norway•  2. May, 1940--

Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg

•  3. Went around the Maginot Line into France

•  4. June 14, 1940--Paris, France

•  ***France surrenders by end of June

The U.S. Prepares for War

•  A. FDR feared the Nazis•  1. 50,000 planes/year starting in 1941•  2. two-ocean navy

•  (Read fireside chat on 667--left hand column)• •  B. Some still want “NEUTRALITY!”•  1. FDR: If we don’t help GB, Nazis would

win

The Battle of Britain

#  A. Great Britain all alone!

#  1. 1940: Hitler bombs GB

#  2. Wants to win before U.S. joins

#  B. Decoding#  1. Britain decoded many

German secrets#  a. able to move

RAF around

#  “Radar”= ra(dio) + d(etecting) + a(nd) + r(anging)

# C. Devastation#  1. GB still devastated#  2. many died

# D. RAF saved GB#  1. held off Germany

until U.S. enters

Winston Churchill

•  the prime minister of Great Britain during World War II

World Affairs and the Presidential Campaign of 1940

•  A. Wendell Willkie (Rep)•  1. Hated New Deal/Gov. aid•  2. TVA competed against him•  3. Wanted to help Great Britain•  B. FDR (Dem)•  C. WINNER: FDR. 3rd Term as

President!

Blue = Wendell WellkieRed = Franklin D. Roosevelt

Helping the British

•  A. Neutral laws! GB needs our help now!• 

Cash-and-Carry Policy

•  a policy requested by FDR at a special session of the US Congress on September 21, 1939. It replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1939. The revision allowed the sale of material to belligerents, as long as the recipients arranged for the transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash, assuming all risk in transportation.

Destroyers for Bases

•  In the Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom on September 2, 1940, fifty mothballed destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions.

Lend-Lease

•  a plan of President Roosevelt’s to help Great Britain. The United States would be able to lend anything to Great Britain to help them vs. the Germans.

•  Passed March 11, 1941: The U.S. would lend or lease war materials to the allied countries. These items were to be returned to the US after the lease was over, but that rarely happened.

OGT Multiple Choice•  The type of warfare used during World War I was

that of trench warfare. In World War II, Germany used a new type of warfare that was lightning warfare, a very fast paced method of fighting. The name of this new warfare was

•  A. thunder fighting •  B. lightning bombing •  C. blitzkreig •  D. nuclear warfare

OGT Multiple Choice

•  The system of French defenses built to defend themselves from Germany was called the

•  A. Maginot Line•  B. Ultra defense•  C. Sea Lion plan•  D. buffer zone

OGT Multiple Choice

•  Which person was the 1st to win election to the Presidency for a 3rd term (1940)?

•  A. Wendell Willkie•  B. Theodore Roosevelt•  C. Winston Churchill•  D. Franklin Roosevelt

OGT Short Answer The New Deal helped lower

unemployment and get our economy back on its feet. However, it did not

totally get us out of the Great Depression. Describe how World War II finally got the United States

completely out of depression. (2 points)

War Comes to the United States

***U.S. getting closer to war. We didn’t want to send troops,

but the BAD GUYS (AXIS POWERS) were winning everywhere!!!!!!!!!

The War Spreads

•  A. FDR extends the zone “necessary to the defense of the United States

•  1. Greenland•  2. Iceland•  B. Seize German ships

The War Spreads, continued•  C. Hitler’s blunder•  1. June 22, 1942--attacks Russia•  a. broke non-aggression pact•  2. (Tell Napoleon story--pg. 670 bottom left col.)•  3. Germany 15 miles from Moscow•  a. Russian winter

•  D. The continued use of U-Boats: German submarines •  1. sank one of our ships (The Greer)•  2. (Tell Greer story pg. 670 right column)•  3. Convoys--armed merchant ships•  4. The Kearny and The Reuben sunk•  a. U.S. in an undeclared war already

Trouble in the Pacific

o  A. Japan taking over in Asiao  1. took many weak countrieso  2. now they wanted Chinao  3. U.S. embargo

o  B. U.S. and Japan fighto  1. Japan wants us to stop helping Chinao  2. U.S. tells Japan to stay out of China

o  ***Japan faces a decision. o  1. Give up hopes of an empireo  2. Go to war

Trouble in the Pacific, continued•  C. General Hideki Tojo--leader of Japan•  HE CHOOSES WAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

•  D. U.S. breaks Japan code•  1. we knew when they would attack•  2. we DID NOT know where•  3. We thought they would attack:•  a. Thailand•  b. Indonesia•  c. Philippines•  4. Japan ended up attacking.....................

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

$ A. Sunday, December 7, 1941 at 8am$  1. Japan diplomats at White

House to discuss peace$  2. 191 Japanese warplanes

attack PH airfields$  3. dropped bombs on our ships$  4. 1 hour later:$  a. 170 more warplanes

The Attack on Pearl Harbor, continued

•  B. Total surprise to U.S.•  1. Greatest military disaster in

U.S. history•  2. 150 U.S. warplanes destroyed•  3. Most ships destroyed•  4. Over 2000 killed

Next day: FDR announces the “Day that will Live in Infamy” has put us into war. Three

days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the

U.S.

OGT Multiple Choice

•  According to many historians, Hitler’s greatest military blunder was

•  A. taking the Rhineland•  B. speaking badly about FDR•  C. attacking the Soviet Union•  D. invading France

OGT Multiple Choice

•  The “Day of Infamy” refers to the•  A. German bombing of Great Britain•  B. Japanese surprise attack on Pearl

Harbor•  C. signing of the Munich Pact•  D. German seizure of Czechoslovakia

OGT Multiple Choice

•  (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The United States entered World War II as a result of

•  A. Japan attacking Pearl Harbor•  B. Japan invading Manchuria•  C. Germany bombing Great Britain•  D. Germany invading Poland

OGT Multiple Choice

•  The most effective factor in slowing the Nazi drive into the Soviet Union in 1941 was

•  A. the Soviet air force•  B. winter weather •  C. the breaking of the Nazi code•  D. United States helping the Soviet Union

OGT Short Answer•  Describe the changes in the foreign policy of the United

States from one of isolation during the late 1930’s to a full-fledged combatant in World War II in December, 1941. (2 points)