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Unit 3 : Skeleton and Joints
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Learning goals By the end of this unit you should be
able to: identify and describe the main
functions of the skeletonIdentify and describe the different
types of joints and give examples of articulating bones associated with the joints
Identify different ranges of movement that are allowed by joints
What you need to know :The main functions of the skeleton including lever
actionHow physical activity impacts on the skeletal systemThe structure of the hinge joint and ball and socket
joint with examplesThe operation of the hinge joint and ball and socket
joint in terms of flexion extension adduction abduction rotation with examples
The articulating bones associated with the hinge joint and ball and socket joint with examples
The structure and function of cartilage and ligaments and associated problems and how to avoid them
Problems with joints and how to avoid them
Functions of the Skeleton1. Shape and
support2. Movement3. Protection4. Blood production
1. Shape and SupportCRANIUM
MANDIBLE CLAVICLESCAPULAHUMERU
S STERNUM
RIBSVERTEBRALCOLUMN RADIU
SULNA
CARPALS
METACARPALS
PHALANGES
ILIUMPELVIS
FEMUR
TIBIA
FIBULA
PATELLA
TARSALS
METATARSALS
PHALANGES
1. Shape and SupportThe way bones are arranged gives us our
general framework and shapeSportspeople will all have different shapes
because of their framework.Different builds are more suited to certain
sports.Bones are firm and rigid they can support
the rest of the body and keep us upright.Muscles are attached to the skeleton and it
is bones that act as a framework for them.
2. MovementWhen bones work
with muscles they allow the body to move.
Bones are used by muscles as levers that allow movement.
3. ProtectionSome bones help
protect the internal organs of the body.
In some sports where contact is high this is especially important.
4. Blood productionIn the long bones
of the body the production of red and white blood cells takes place.
Classifications of bonesThere are four different classifications1. LONG BONES
e.g. femur, humerus, metacarpals, phalanges
2. SHORT BONESe.g. carpals
3. FLAT BONESe.g. Scapula, sternum
4. IRREGULAR BONESe.g. vertebrae, patella
Classifications of bones1. LONG BONES
Used to provide levers
Produce blood cells
Classifications of bones2.Short bones
Specialise in fine movement.
These bones can make small adjustments and can help a body keep balanced
Classifications of bones3. Flat bones
Tough and can withstand hard impact.
Used for protection
Classifications of bones4. Irregular bones
Work together and act like a shock absorber
Also used for protection