Unit 3: Cells - hatboro- Web viewUnit 3: Cells. Chapters 6,7 & 8. Chapter 6: ... click on CELL BIOLOGY on the leftside navigation bar. ... Chapter 7.4. Combustion Equation

Unit 3: Cells

Chapters 6,7 & 8

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Chapter 6: Cell Structure and Function

6.1: Organisms are made of cells:

What is a cell?

Explain the contributions of each of the following Scientists:

a) Hooke:

b) Leewenhoek:

These 3 are not in the textbook…see what you can find:

c) Schwann:

d) Schleiden:

e) Virchow:

List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory:

(1)

(2)

(3)

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Complete the following chart:

Type of Microscope Maximum Magnification

What is “used” to see the image?

Positives/Negatives

Compound Light

Scanning Electron (SEM)

Transmission Electron (TEM)

What is a micrograph?

Define Organelle:

ALL cells consist of three basic parts. List and explain them:

(1)

(2)

(3)

What are 2 key differences between plant cells and animal cells?

Explain each of the following:

A) Prokaryotes

B) Eukaryotes

6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities:

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Explain the following cell organelles:

Plasma Membrane:

What is the phospholipid bilayer?

Explain the fluid mosaic model:

Draw and label figure 6-8 here:

6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products:

Nucleus:

Nuclear Envelope:

Nucleolus:

Ribosomes:

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER:

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- Rough ER:

- Smooth ER:

Golgi Apparatus:

Vacuoles:

Lysosomes:

Draw and explain Figure 6-24:

6.5: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria energize cells:

Chloroplasts:

Draw and label a chloroplast:

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Mitochondria:

Draw and label a mitochondrion (That’s singular for Mitochondria):

What is ATP?

6.6: An internal skeleton supports the cell and enables movement:

Cytoskeleton:

Microtubules:

Microfilaments:

Flagella:

Cilia:

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Extra Credit: History of the Cell Timeline AssignmentBackground:

The cell theory, which you briefly learned about in chapter one, was not developed overnight. It took many years and many discoveries to finally come up with the current theory. You will research those events and the people involved and create a neat, colorful timeline based on the history of the cell.

Summary: 1. Students will research historical events leading to the development of the cell theory.

o Research should include contributions made by the following people/scientists -Robert Hooke, Hans and Zacharias Janssen, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, Rudolph Virchow, etc. and dates of their contributions.

2. Students will report on their findings by constructing a timeline showing the chronology of the historical events leading to the development of the cell theory.

Materials for each student or pair of students: Reference materials (texts, Internet, teacher handout with information) rulers paper/poster colored pencils or markers.

Student Procedures: Research the following people: List some of their contributions to science and dates of these

contributions.-Robert Hooke-Hans and Zacharias Janssen-Anton van Leeuwenhoek-Matthias Schleiden-Theodor Schwann-Rudolph Virchow.

Draw a timeline showing the chronological order of these scientists and their contributions.Label the timeline with dates of the above scientists' discoveries.The earliest date should be on the left of the timeline and the most recent date on the right.Label each date with the corresponding scientist's name and contribution(s) in an organized and legible manner.Be sure your spacing shows a reasonable approximation of the amount of time elapsed between dates.

Questions: Type up these questions and your answers and hand them in with your timeline. **ON A SEPARATE SHEET!!1. What theory did these scientists provide evidence for?

2. What instrument was necessary before the cell theory could be developed?

3. Which three scientists directly contributed evidence for the cell theory?

4. How did the earlier scientists and their contributions directly affect the discoveries of later scientists (see #2)? For example, what had to come first?

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5. List the three parts of the cell theory.

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3 PARTS OF THE CELL THEORY (add scientists who helped discover each part)

a) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TWO MAIN CLASSES OF CELLSList information about each of the two main types of cells from the reading.

PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

THE BASIC PARTS OF A EUKARYOTIC CELLOrganelle = ______________________________________________________________________

LABEL the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus and state the FUNCTION of each.

Cell membrane maintains cellular ____________________________________________.Cytoplasm provides a liquid environment for __________________________________________________ to occur.Nucleus contains the directions that _____________________________________ the cell.

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PLANTS VERSUS ANIMALSTHE ANIMAL CELL:

How are plant & animal cells different?

How are plant & animal cells similar? The Cell

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http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/plantmodel.html

Name _____________________________

Cells Alive- Internet Lesson

URL: www.cellsalive.com

Objective: You will look at computer models of cells, learn the functions and the descriptions of the cells and their components.

Navigating the site: Cells.alive has a navigation bar at the left. After accessing the page, click on CELL BIOLOGY on the leftside navigation bar. From here, you will access the links: "How Big is a..", the animal cell model, the plant cell model, and the bacterial cell model.

Part A. "HOW BIG IS A...."

Here you will look at objects found on the head of a pin. Your job is to rank them in order of size on the chart below and estimate the length of each (in nanometers, micrometers, or millimeters). The line in the bottom right corner of the screen is used to help you estimate. Sketch each of the objects.

Object Sketch Size in nanometers, micrometers or millilmeters

Human hair

Dust Mite

Red Blood Cells

E. coli

Staphylococcus

Ebola virus

Rhinovirus

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Part B: Bacterial Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to access this page, or hit your back button)

Part C; Animal Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to access this page, or hit your back button)

For this model, you will need to click on the various parts of the cell to go to a screen that tells you about the parts. Answers to the following questions are found there.

1. What do mitochondria do?

2. How big are mitochondria?

3. What does the Golgi Apparatus do?

4. What is the difference between smooth and rough ER?

5. Where is the nucleolus found?

Sketch each of the following.

Mitochondria

Lysosome

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6. What does the nucleolus do?

7. What does the cytoskeleton do?

8. Cytosol goes by what other name?

9. What is the function of the cytosol?

10. What is the function of the lysosome?

Golgi Apparatus

Rough ER

Part D: Plant Cell Model - (you will need to return to the "Cell Biology" link to access this page, or hit your back button)

1. What other type of cell has a cell wall?

2. What makes the plant cells green?

3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do?

Sketch the following

Chloroplast

Vacuole

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Part E: Overview

For the chart below, place a check in the box if the cell has that component.

Plant Animal BacteriaChloroplastVacuoleRibosomeMitochondriaDNAEndoplasmic ReticulumCell WallGolgi Apparatus

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Cell Analogy: What is a cell like to you?Procedure: Cells are like small communities, with many parts doing

specialized jobs to help the whole. You will be creating an analogy as you compare the cell to a place, thing or event and relate at least 8 organelles to parts of your place, thing or event. 1. Decide what your analogy will be… the more creative the

better2. Title- “The cell is like____”3. List each part in the table below, followed by the part it is like

in your analogy.4. Begin with a composite cell either:

a. Drawn in the middle of a poster orb. Placed in the center of a Prezi orc. Placed in the first slide of a powerpoint

5. You will connect each part in the composite cell to a picture of the analogous part around the outside. Include a description of the function of the part and how it is similar to the organelle..

A cell is like a ... _______________________________________

Organelle Analogya. Nucleus b. Mitochondria c. Endoplasmic

reticulum d. Lysosome e. Vacuole f. Ribosomes g. Vesicles h. Golgi complex i. Cell membrane

2 extra organelles

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The Cell Analogy Assignment

4 = awesome 3 = admirable 2 = acceptable 1 = attemptedOrganelle #1Clearly identified (labeled) in the analogy.Explanation is clear and accurate.Analogy is complete – the (part of analogy) is like the (part of cell) because (function of that part of the analogy) like the (function that part of the cell).

4 3 2 1

Organelle #2Clearly identified (labeled) in the analogy.Explanation is clear and accurate.Analogy is complete – the (part of analogy) is like the (part of cell) because (function of that part of the analogy) like the (function that part of the cell).

4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1


4 3 2 1

PRESENTATIONBoth partners share the presentation.Well coordinated.Appears that both presenters know what they are talking about (confidence).

4 3 2 1

RUBRIC TOTAL

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The Animal Cell

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Organelles in the Cytoplasm What is the pathway that protein travels through the cell?

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Organelles WorksheetDetermine if the statement is true. If it is not, rewrite the italicized part to make it true.

1. The exoskeleton is composed of tiny rods and filaments that form a framework for the cell.

2. Flagella are short numerous hairlike projections from the plasma membrane.

Check the name of the boundary that the statement describes.Statement Cell Wall Cell Membrane

3. A firm structure that protects and gives shape to the cell

4. In plant cells, composed mainly of a fibrous material called cellulose

5. Quite flexible and allows the cell to vary its shape

6. Not found in animal cells7. Controls the movement of materials that

enter and exit the cell

8. Which organelle manages cell functions in an eukaryotic cell? ____________________

9. What substance can be found inside the nucleus? Describe its function._________________________________________________________________________

Identify the following organelles based on their functions and/or structures.10. ________________________ Closely stacked, flattened membrane sacs11. ________________________ The sites of protein assembly12. ________________________ A folded membrane that forms a network of

interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm13. ________________________ The clear fluid inside a cell14. ________________________ Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps

energy from sunlight and gives plants their color

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15. ________________________ Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading viruses or bacteria

16. ________________________ Small bumps located on the endoplasmic reticulum17. ________________________ Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and

waste products18. ________________________ Produces a usable form of enery for the cell19. ________________________ Modifies proteins and then repackages them20. ________________________ Plant organelles that store starches, lipids or contain

pigments

21. What organelles would be especially numerous in a cell that produces large amount of a protein product? __________________________________________________________________

22. Compare the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Why are they referred to in the text as energy transformers rather than energy producers or energy generators?

________________________________________________________________________

23.What are three structural differences between a plant and an animal cell?

24.The cytoplasm consists mainly of _____________________________. This provides a great environment for the chemical reactions of our _____________________________.

25.In which organelle does cellular respiration occur? ___________________________26.The energy released during respiration (from the bonds of sugar) is stored in smaller

molecules called _______________

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Mr. Poruban/Thompson DVD- Cells: the Structure of Life Biology

1. What are the two types of cells? Complete the Venn diagram while listening to the comparison between the two.

Type of cells: ____________________ vs. ______________________

Cell Shape is Determined by Cell Function1. Explain how shapes are important to a cell’s function. Give some examples. (This will be discussed at

the end of the video as well.)

Cell Walls Cover the Cell Membranes of Plants, Fungi, and Some Protists.1. What are the functions of cell walls? What makes up cell walls in plants, fungi and protists?

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Complete the following chart:Cell

Part/ComponentsFunction/Components/

InformationPlant or Animal?Both?

Drawing

Nucleus Chromatin-

Nucleolus-

Ribosomes

ER (Endoplasmic reticulum)

Smooth-

Rough-

Golgi

Mitochondria

Vesicles Lysosomes-

Vacuoles Contractile vacuole-

Central Vacuole-

Plastids Chloroplasts-

Storage Plastids- (Leucoplasts, chromoplasts)

CytoskeletonCentrosomeCentrioles

Microtubules-Cilia-Flagella-Microfilaments-Intermediate Filaments-

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The Cell

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The Importance of Cells… Focus on Stem Cells

Visit the Genetic Science Learning Center’s Website at http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/stemcells/Navigate to the section titled “The Nature of Stem Cells” and go through the tutorial. Please press the “CC” button at the bottom left corner of the page to read what is being narrated.

1. What is a stem cell? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When a cell is differentiating, what does it mean? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How does a fertilized egg turn into an embryo? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. About how many different types of cells are there in our body?________________________________5. What is another word for adult stem cells? ________________________________________________6. What are somatic cells? Please give an example of somatic cells. _______________________________

________________________________________________________________________7. Where else in the body are somatic stem cells found? _______________________________

________________________________________________________________________8. What is the common factor between the orgin of our various cells, tissues, & organs? ____________

________________________________________________________________________

At the top left corner of the page, click on “Stem Cells” then once you are back at the homepage, please click on the “Stem Cell Quick Reference” section. Please read about the 3 types of cells (not about therapeutic cloning) and then answer the following questions. Each type of cell will only be used once as an answer for the following 3 questions.

9. What type of cell can be reprogrammed in a laboratory to become almost any cell in the body? ________________________________________________________________________

10. What type of cell can be taken out of a very early embryo (called a blastocyte) and have the potential to become any cell in the body? _____________________________________________________

11. What type of cell can be found in various locations throughout the body, but may be difficult to isolate and grow in the laboratory? _____________________________________________________

At the top left corner of the page, click on “Stem Cells” then once you are back at the homepage, please click on the “Go Go Stem Cells” section. Pluripotent: refers to the ability to become almost any kind of cell in the body.

12. What is a stem cell niche? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Choose 2 out of the following 5 niches to complete.Brain Cell Niche:

13. What type of cell sends & receives signal in your brain? __________________________________14. What is the hippocampus region of the brain responsible for doing?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________15. Summarize how memories are formed in the brain. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hair Follicle Cell Niche:16. What 3 type of cells form a protective barrier around your body? ____________________________17. What are stem cells in the hair follicle are responsible for doing? ____________________________18. Summarize how new hair grows using stem cells. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Intestinal Cell Niche:19. What are the cells inside the intestine that look like tiny finger-like projections called? What are

their function? ______________________________________________________________________20. Summarize how stem cells are used to make new villi? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bone Cell Niche:21. What do the stem cells in your bones (a living organ) do as a function? _________________________22. What is a type of bone cell that helps build and repair bones by secreting a special kind of

extracellular matrix that contains the protein collagen? _______________________________________________

23. Summarize how do osteoblasts build bone? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Blood Cell Niche:24. What is the stem cell niche responsible for making blood cells? _____________________________25. What is hemoglobin? ____________________________________________________________26. What is the main function of the red blood cell? _______________________________________27. Circulation takes its toll on hard-working red blood cells and usually become damaged over time.

About how long do red blood cells survive in your body? ____________________________________________28. Why do you think the Red Blood Cell’s organelles are lost? To make room for all of the hemoglobin. 29. Blood is made up of many different cell types that do a variety of jobs. What 3 types of cells make

up the blood & what are their functions? ___________________________________________________

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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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The Big Idea: Organ Regenerationhttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/03/big-idea/organ-regeneration-text Published by National Geographic in March 2011 By Josie Glausiusz

About the picture: The synthetic scaffold of an ear sits bathed in cartilage-producing cells, part of an effort to grow new ears for wounded soldiers.

More than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants in the U.S. alone; every day 18 of them die. Not only are healthy organs in short supply, but donor and patient also have to be closely matched, or the patient's immune system may reject the transplant. A new kind of solution is incubating in medical labs: "bioartificial" organs grown from the patient's own cells. Thirty people have received lab-grown bladders already, and other engineered organs are in the pipeline.

The bladder technique was developed by Anthony Atala of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Researchers take healthy cells from a patient's diseased bladder, cause them to multiply profusely in petri dishes, then apply them to a balloon-shaped scaffold made partly of collagen, the protein found in cartilage. Muscle cells go on the outside, urothelial cells (which line the urinary tract) on the inside. "It's like baking a layer cake," says Atala. "You're layering the cells one layer at a time, spreading these toppings." The bladder-to-be is then incubated at body temperature until the cells form functioning tissue. The whole process takes six to eight weeks.

Solid organs with lots of blood vessels, such as kidneys or livers, are harder to grow than hollow ones like bladders. But Atala's group—which is working on 22 organs and tissues, including ears—recently made a functioning piece of human liver. One tool they use is similar to an ink-jet printer; it "prints" different types of cells and the organ scaffold one layer at a time.

Other labs are also racing to make bioartificial organs. A jawbone has sprouted at Columbia University and a lung at Yale. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has fabricated a beating rat heart, growing cells from one rat on a scaffold she made from the heart of another by washing off its own cells. And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney from cells seeded onto a synthetic scaffold. The cell-phone-size kidney has passed tests on sheep—it's not yet implantable, but it's wearable, unlike a dialysis machine, and it does more than filter toxins from blood. It also makes hormones and performs other kidney functions.

Growing a copy of a patient's organ may not always be possible—for instance, when the original is too damaged by cancer. One solution for such patients might be a stem cell bank. Atala's team has shown that stem cells can be collected without harming human embryos (and thus without political controversy) from amniotic fluid in the womb. The researchers have coaxed those cells into becoming heart, liver, and other organ cells. A bank of 100,000 stem cell samples, Atala says, would have enough genetic variety to match nearly any patient. Surgeons would order organs grown as needed instead of waiting for cadavers that might not be a perfect match. "There are few things as devastating for a surgeon as knowing you have to replace the tissue and you're doing something that's not ideal," says Atala, a urologic surgeon himself. "Wouldn't it be great if they had their own organ?" Great for the patient especially, he means.

1. What is the field of regenerative medicine? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. What organ have about 30 people received so far? ___________________________________________

2. Can all organs be grown right now? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are some other bioartificial organs that are being developed? ______________________________

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http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/03/big-idea/organ-regeneration-text

_________________________________________________________________________________

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ATP: One Powerful Molecule!Chapter 7.3

Explain how ATP is used to both store and provide energy for a cell by drawing the process that occurs in our cells.

List and give an example of each of the three main types of cellular work

A. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

B. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

C. ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

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Focusing on the ATP/ADP CycleChapter 7.3

Name: ________________________________ _____ / 10 points

1. Using the models of ATP and ADP, explain to your group how the two molecules are related and how the energy cycle works. Make sure you understand how ATP is converted to ADP and vice versa!!!

2. Write one paragraph that begins with the statement written below. Use the following terms correctly to explain how the body obtains AND uses energy.

Glucose, ADP, phosphate, energy, ATP

Being heterotrophic, we get energy from our food.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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Cellular RespirationChapter 7.4

Combustion Equation: _________________________________________________________________

Respiration Equation: ______________________________________________________________

Some important questions about respiration…

1. What is respiration exactly? ___________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. How is it different from breathing? _____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. How is it different from combustion?______________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. Respiration is one of the most important chemical reactions which make up our

________________________________ = the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body.

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3 Stages of Cellular RespirationChapter 7.5

STAGE 1: GLYCOLYSISGlycolysis means __________________________________________. One glucose molecule is split into

TWO _______________________ molecules. Any time a bond is broken, ___________________________ is

released. From this energy TWO ___________ are made.

STAGE 2: KREBS CYCLEA carbon is broken off the ______________________________ molecule forming a two-carbon molecule

called ________________________. The CARBON atom that is broken off joins with the oxygen we breathe

in to form _________________. Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs cycle by joining with a _______-carbon

molecule. This creates a ______-carbon molecule. Then the cycle turns… breaking off two carbon atoms. The

energy from the bonds is used to make TWO ______________ molecules

STAGE 3: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN_________________ combines with ____________________ creating ___________________. Energy, which

is released in small amounts as electrons are transported down the chain, is used to create a dam of ions. When

these ions are released (much like a dam releases water), they go through a protein called an

_____________________ which uses this energy to make _________ (just like a dam uses the energy of

flowing water to generate electricity). This part of the process generates up to _______ ATP molecules.

The TOTAL amount of ATP molecules produced for each molecule of glucose is _____.

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3 Stages of Cellular RespirationChapter 7.5

The Cell 34

Cellular Respiration… A ReviewLabel all parts shown in the diagrams.

STAGE 1: _____________________________

____ ATP

STAGE 2: _____________________________

+ O2 _________

+ O2 _________

+

___ ATP

+ O2 _________

STAGE 3: _____________________________

H+ H+ H+ H+

H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

H+ H+H+ H+ H+

H+ H+ + O _______

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____ ATP

FermentationChapter 7.6

1. How is fermentation different from cellular respiration? List three ways.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the waste product of fermentation in your muscle cells?

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. When yeast undergo fermentation, what foods / beverages can they make?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the byproduct of yeast fermentation? How is this different that the byproduct of the

fermentation that happens in our muscles?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5. When bacteria undergo fermentation, what foods can they make?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

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PhotosynthesisChapter 8.1

Photosynthesis Equation: _______________________________________________________

There are two major stages of photosynthesis.

STAGE 1: THE LIGHT REACTIONS

During this stage __________________ energy is converted to _______________ energy. Light energy splits

the water molecule into ____________ and _________________. Oxygen is a byproduct and is

_________________ from the cell. The captured light energy is also used to make ____________.

STAGE 2: THE CALVIN CYCLE

In the Calvin cycle, ___________ and _______ from the broken water molecule are used to form

_______________________. Carbon dioxide is split into ___________ and ___________. The high energy

molecule ___________ is split into ADP and phosphate releasing its stored energy. Thiis energy is used to

make glucose, which has the chemical formula ______________________.

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2 Stages of PhotosynthesisChapter 8.1

38

Experiencing the Cycle

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration recycle a common set of chemicals: water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and organic compounds such as glucose. The diagram visually summarizes this chemical recycling.

Water and carbon dioxide are the raw ingredients for photosynthesis. Plants use energy from sunlight to rearrange the atoms of water and carbon dioxide, producing glucose and oxygen. Oxygen is used by both plant and animal cells during cellular respiration to release the energy stored in glucose. The released energy enables cells to produce ATP. Cellular respiration also produces carbon dioxide and water. The result is a continual cycling of these chemical ingredients.

Assignments:

1. Poster: Create a poster showing the photosynthesis / respiration cycle including all the reactants, products and stages. Use visuals to communicate ideas.

2. Narrative: Write a story tracing the path of each of the following through the photosynthesis / respiration cycle: O, C, N and energy

3. Role-Play: Create nametags for each person in your group. One person is the narrator. Enact the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.

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Photosynthesis (Equation): ____________________________________________________________________http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeUmj8d6Mag&feature=em-share_video_user

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Process Location Reactants Ending Products

Light Dependent Reactions(Calvin Cycle)Light Independent Reactions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BeUmj8d6Mag&feature=em-share_video_user

Cellular Respiration (Equation): ____________________________________________________________http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13qlVd34JkM&feature=youtu.be

Process Location Reactant Ending Products

Glycolysis

Kreb’s Cycle

ETC (Electron Transport

Chain)TOTAL

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13qlVd34JkM&feature=youtu.be

Mr. Poruban/Thompson Review Sheet- Unit 3Biology

I. Unit 3 Key Terms:Cell theory Organelle Plasma

membraneNucleus

Cytoplasm Cell wall Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cellPhospholipids bilayer

Vesicle Microfilament Chloroplast

Mitochondria Microtubule Nuclear envelope NucleolusRibosome Endoplasmic

reticulumGolgi apparatus Vacuole

Lysosome Flagella cilia PhotosynthesisATP ADP NADPH NADP+Stroma Thylakoid Glucose

(C6H12O6)H20

CO2 O2 Light reactions Calvin CycleCellular Respiration

Cristae Matrix Pyruvic Acid

NADH FADH2 38 ATP 2 ATPGlycolysis Kreb’s cycle ETC (Electron

Transport Chain)Fermentation

Lactic acid (fermentation)

Alcohol (fermentation)

Anaerobic Aerobic

Light microscope Transmission electron microscope

Scanning electron microscope

II. Additional information: notes, articles, videos, etc.

1. Chapter 6 (all except section 6.3)2. Chapter 7 and 8 (see review questions attached)3. The cell lab and video4. Drawings of CR and Photosynthesis (Equations, organelles, process)5. General microscope skills and techniques. Different types of microscopes.

(Light, SEM, TEM)

III. Review questions from Textbook:

Page Questions132 1,4,5,6,7,9,14,15133 19156 1-7,11,16157 17 a,b,c;22a

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174 2-5,7,10,15175 16a,b,c 18,20,24a,b,c

Mr. Poruban/ThompsonLab: Cell InvestigationBiology-CP

1. Purpose: Observe different cell types from various Domains/Kingdoms Identify and compare structure and functions of different cell types Determine size of specific cells and organelles Use a compound light microscope correctly

2. Procedure: You will be working in pairs throughout this assignment. The goal is to analyze the structure of pairs of cells in order to ascertain the functions. You will need a microscope and a computer to do any needed research.

3. Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Bacteria

Go to the following website: http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab1_cell_structure/index.html

On the bottom left side, click on: Begin Assignment. Keep clicking Continue until you get to: B- Magnification. Read through this section (just

as a review). Continue through until you get to: C- Field of View. Review this section as well. Skip over ALL sections until you get to Section D- Bacteria. Draw the bacteria as you see it at the highest power available.

4. What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria and their estimated size in micrometers?

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http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb101/lab1_cell_structure/index.html

5. Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Protista

Pond water sample: - Place a drop of pond water on your slide and put a cover slip on it. The organisms may

be moving faster than you can draw them. Try your best to “follow” them around for a few minutes then draw them from memory. Draw two different cellular organisms. Label: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, cilia, & flagella. (Power selection and labels will vary depending on each sample, use your own discretion)

- If we can’t obtain any quality pond water examples…we can use this website: http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/index.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/ponddip/

Protist #1

Protist #2

6. Compare the two organisms and describe how their particular structure fits their function. 7. Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Plantae

TOMATO SKIN TISSUE VS. TOMATO PULP TISSUE Get a cherry tomato. Set up two wet-mount slides – one of the skin (make sure you scrape off the pulp and focus on the thinnest edge) and one of the pulp (this is messy, get the thinnest slice you can and then squash it under the coverslip). Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

TOMATO SKIN (400X)

TOMATO PULP (100X)

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http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/index.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/ponddip/

8. Other than the nucleus, what are two structures they have in common?

9. Based on this observation, what is the functionality of both cells?

10. Differentiate between the two cells in terms of size and parts they contain. Connect these structural differences to the different roles each of these tissues play in the tomato.

ONION EPIDERMAL TISSUE VS ELODEA LEAF TISSUE Obtain the inner skin from an onion layer (this is inside the curved side). Use iodine instead of water to stain the cells so you can see them better. Get a leaf from an elodea plant – make a wet-mount slide. Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

ONION EPIDERMIS (100X)

ELODEA LEAF (400X)

11. These two cells have different functions. Describe the function of each and connect it to

cellular structure.

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POTATO TISSUE VS. RED PEPPER SKIN TISSUE Using a scalpel, take the thinnest slice of potato possible. Add iodine to make a wet mount slide. Get a piece of red pepper skin, scrape all the insides off and focus on the thinnest edge. Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

POTATO TISSUE (100X)

RED PEPPER SKIN TISSUE (400X)

12. Contrast the plastids in the potato tissue and in the red pepper skin tissue.

13. Propose a functional reason for this difference. FROG BLOOD AND HUMAN BLOOD Obtain a prepared slide comparing frog and human blood. Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

Frog Blood (400x)

Human Blood (400X)

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14. What is the key difference between these 2 cells in terms of cell parts?

15. What is the function of this difference? HUMAN CHEEK CELL AND NERVE CELL Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with a toothpick and then mix it with some iodine on a slide to make a wet mount. Google image a picture of a human nerve cell. Focus and draw each. Label all visible structures using prior knowledge and information from class reading selections. If you aren’t sure what they are supposed to look like, consult Google Images to check.

Human Cheek CELLS (400X)

Human Nerve Cells (??X)

16. What is the function of these cells in the body?

17. How does the shape / arrangement of these cells allow them to do their job?

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Cell Parts Overview Chart: 18. Place a CHECK in the box of the structures that can be found in each of the following cell types.

B A C T E R I A

P R O T I S T S

E L O D E A

O N I O N

T O M A T O

P O T A T O

C H E E K

N E R V E

F R O G

B.

H U M A N

B.

Cell wall

Cell membr

ane

Nucleus

Nuclear

Membrane

Cytoplasm

Chloroplasts

Chromoplasts

Leucoplasts

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Documents

Unit 3: Cells - hatboro- Web viewUnit 3: Cells. Chapters 6,7 & 8. Chapter 6: ... click on CELL BIOLOGY on the leftside navigation bar. ... Chapter 7.4. Combustion Equation