I can…

Explain the significance of using a computer programming language.

Describe the basic template of the Monogame framework.

A series of steps (actions) performed in a specific order

Specifies

The ACTIONS to be executed

The ORDER in which these actions are to be executed

Example

Making a PBJ Sandwich

“Rise and Shine” Algorithm

Rise and ShineGet out of bed

Take off pajamas

Take a shower

Get dressed

Eat breakfast

Father School Supplies

Get a ride to school

A combination of English and computer language designed to present a program design

Shows the steps involved in solving a problem on the computer that combines an algorithm with partial computer code

**outline/rough draft of code….a form of pre-planning**

English = confusing language & not specific

Words with same spellings (lead – the verb vs lead – the metal)

Phrases with multiple meanings (“break a leg”)

Computer Languages invented

Straight forward

Each word/instruction has one role

Are…..

PRECISE (no ambiguity)

and

PERFECT (spelling and order)

Uses the C# programming language

Monogame – has many prebuilt program components

Sounds

Images

Game Pad

Keyboard

Text

Color

Game Loop

// single line comment

/* <comment>

*/

Benefits

Others can read and comprehend purpose of your code

Finding Errors

Remind you of the purpose of each set of code so in a day, a week, a month, a year, etc you will still remember its purpose

Requirements

You WILL BE required to comment ALL of your code

Programming Language used in Monogame

Has concepts similar to all programming languages

One new change (for students who have only taken Intro in VB) = all statements of code end in a semicolon “;”

Signifies the end of the line

No semicolon means the computer will assume that the line below is a continuation of the instruction from the preceding line

5 Methods in the Skeleton to be programmed

1. Initialize

2. LoadContent

3. UnloadContent

4. Update

5. Draw

Runs ONE time

Runs at Beginning of Game

Every time the game Runs

Ex: Reset scores

Reset number of lives

Reset Counter

Reset Vector, Rectangle

Called once per game

Load content into your game

3D models

Textures

Fonts

Music

Etc

Called once per game

Will unload unneeded content from the game

The main portion of code

Called frequently while game is running about 60 times per second

All components that must be updated here

Objects - Collision Detection

Game World - Audio

User Input - Variable Changes

Called frequently while game is running about 60 times per second

Game will consistently redraw itself

This method is ONLY for redrawing the screen, variables beyond those related to drawing should be handled and updated in the “Update” method

I can...

Explain the purpose of variables and objects.

Explain the differences between variables and objects.

Declare, Initialize, and Assign variables and objects.

Data Types: types of data (values) a program can hold

1.Variables

2.Objects

The name of a LOCATION in the computer’s RAM

Stores single piece of information

Mailbox

Has an address (location)

Holds one piece of information

byte – holds numeric values 0 – 255

int – holds a positive or negative integer value

double – holds any number (decimal)

char – holds a single character

string – holds line a text

bool – holds true or false value

Counter

Score

Health

Speed

Location

Time

Lives Remaining

The possibilities are endless!

1. Must START with a letter (upper or lower case)

2. Can include letters, numbers, and underscores (_)

3. Any length

4. Name is CASE SENSITIVE

5. Name should relate to purpose in program

1. high_score

2. _hello

3. red1

4. 1red

5. Player#1

6. game-time

7. Counter7

8. main_stage

9. playerOne

10.redIntensity!

1. high_score

2. _hello

3. red1

4. 1red

5. Player#1

6. game-time

7. Counter7

8. main_stage

9. playerOne

10.redIntensity!

All variables must be

1. Declared

2. Initialized

Defines the Variable – gives it a type and gives it a name

Type the type of variable

Identifier unique name for variable

<type> <identifier>;

Ex:

int score;

byte red;

Gives the variable a starting value

Identifier unique name for variable

“=“ sign

What should be saved in the variable location

<identifier> = <value>;

Ex:

score = 10;

red = 0;

Defines and gives the variable a value

Type

Identifier

“=“ sign

What should be saved in the variable location

<type> <identifier> = <value>;

Ex: int score = 10;

byte red = 0;

Declaration

Initialization

1. A integer variable called age that holds your age.

2. A Boolean variable called answer that holds the value true

3. A String variable called firstname that holds your first name

4. A double variable called score1 that will hold a value of 30.5

1. A integer variable called age that holds your age.

a) int age = 25;

b) age = 25;

c) int age = 25;

2. A Boolean variable called answer that holds the value true.

a) bool answer;

b) answer = true;

c) bool answer = true;

3. A String variable called firstname that holds your first name.

a) string firstName;

b) firstName = “Sarah”;

c) string firstName = “Sarah”;

4. A double variable called score1 that will hold a value of 30.5.

a) double score1;

b) score1 = 30.5;

c) double score1 = 30.05;

You can reassign the value of the variable at ANY time

REWRITES what is saved at that location

Original value = Erased

Ex: int score = 10;

score = 50;

score = 20;

**score will not remember that it was originally set to 10 or was set to 50 at some point it will only remember that it is currently set to 20.

Similar to variables

Objects group together similar characteristics together all related, called parameters

Store these characteristics together in memory

Ex:

Color object has a red value, a green value, and blue value

Rectangle object has an x location, y location, width, and height

Font object has a font family and size value

GamePad object has a value for each button identifying if each button is pressed or released

**there are MANY different types of objects – too many to list and you can create your own as well!**

Defines the Object

Type the type of Object (generally capitalized)

Identifier unique name for Object

<type> <identifier>;

Ex:

Color backgroundColor;

SpriteBatch sprite1;

**Object Types has a first letter than is capitalized**

Gives the object values

Identifier

“=“ sign

new

Type with parameter list (characteristics list) each object has a set order in which its characteristics should be entered

Ex: in Color - the first number is the red intensity, second number is the blue intensity, and third number is the green intensity

<identifier> = new <type>(<parameters list>);

Ex:

backgroundColor = new Color(10, 40, 100);

Initialize

Gives a singular initial value to start with

Variables

Instantiate

Creates an “instance” of a class creates an object

Objects have characteristics (properties) and actions (methods)

Defines the gives the object values

Type

Identifier

“=“ sign

new

Type with parameter list

<type> <identifier> = new <type>(<parameters list>);

Ex:

Color backgroundColor = new Color(10, 40, 100);

Declaration

Instantiation

Numerous Types

Many Built It

Color is one type

Too many others to mention

Can design our own objects as well

Mario Kart

Characters special item, image, sound, car, partner

Wasn’t built in – the programmers had to design the object instead

1. A Color object named favorite that contains 3 byte parameter values: 40, 100, 200

2. A Bug object named ladybug that contains 4 parameter of values: “red”, 7, 2.0, true

3. A Car object named CRV that contains parameter values: “987htg”, 2006

1. A Color object named favorite that contains 3 byte parameter values: 40, 100, 200

a) Color favorite;

b) favorite = new Color(40, 100, 200);

c) Color favorite = new Color(40, 100, 200);

2. A Bug object named ladybug that contains 4 parameter of values: “red”, 7, 2.0, true

a) Bug ladybug;

b) ladybug = new Bug(“red”, 7, 2.0, true);

c) Bug ladybug = new Bug(“red”, 7, 2.0, true);

2. A Car object named CRV that contains parameter values: “987htg”, 2006

a) Car crv;

b) crv = new Car(“987htg”, 2006);

c) Car crv = new Car(“987htg”, 2006);

What do you think is the difference between a local

and global variable/object?

Where you declare the variable/object affects where this variable/object can be used or changed

Defined in the Game1 Class at the top of the program

Can be used throughout entire program (in all methods)

Benefits: accessed from anywhere in program

Disadvantages: could be accidentally changed unintentionally in another method

Defined in method where being used

Can be used ONLY within the method where it is defined defined

Benefits: less likely to be accidentally changed

Disadvantages: cannot be accessed from elsewhere in the program if needed.

Local: term “bubbler”

Used LOCALLY in Wisconsin

Elsewhere unknown

Global: term “hello”

Known throughout globe as a greeting

Different cultures/societies recognize this term

Global variables – DECLARED for

the entire game at the beginning of

the program – can be used by ALL

methods

Local object – declared inside the draw method and can

therefore ONLY be used in the draw method

I can…

Explain the purpose of a class.

Define and provide examples of a method.

Label and locate variables, objects, classes, and methods.

Explain the connection between a class, object, and method.

Explain how classes and methods are like an office building.

A template for an object

Characteristics list

Methods (actions) the object can complete

Characteristics of Kodu

Health

Speed

Emotion

Invisible

Size

Color

Actions of a Kodu

Move

Shoot

Eat

Jump

Express Anger

Generic Kodu “Class” template from which all Kodu objects are created

All Kodu have the actions (methods) listed in the Kodu class that they can DO

All Kodu will have characteristics – but these characteristics will vary as each Kodu is different with different characteristics

Many already created and built into Monogame

Game1

GraphicsDevice

Color

SpriteBatch

GamePadState

Keyboard

….

Can build own as well

Numerous characteristics

We decide these – variables/objects globally defined

5 Methods (actions!)

Initialize

Load Content

Unload Content

Update

Draw

Action an object of the class can run

“Mini Program” with a specific task

Ex: In the GamePad class

Method called “GetState” this method will get the state of all the setting of the game pad (buttons, joystick, triggers, etc) and will send these states back to the program

Variables and Objects (the information) a method needs to know in order to complete the action and “do its job”

Ex: The “GetState” method from the GamePad class

Takes in one parameter the pad you want to find the state of

Without this information, the method will not know what to find the state of

Using the “dot” method

<class name>.<method name>(parameter list);

(generally how a method call will look in Monogame)

GamePad.GetState(Player.One);

Keyboard.IsKeyDown(keys.B);

GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.green);

Keyboard.GetState(); Note, no parameters

Intersection.(Rectangle1, Rectangle2) Note, multiple parameters

Create a Moodlight program for Space Use

Will run the code to light a panel on the wall

Colors will appear to the astronauts in space as you program them to appear

Select Monogame Windows Project

Save as “MoodLight”

Hide all Comments

What happens? Why do you think this happens?

**under draw method**

GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

Base.Draw(gameTime);

GraphicsDevice.Clear Draws the Blue Screen!

Base.Draw calls the Draw Method to run

GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

o GraphicsDevice = class

o .Clear = calls the clear method in the GraphicsDevice class

o Color.CornflowerBlue = parameter taken in by the clear method takes in a Color object and clears the screen to the color provided

GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

Color.CornflowerBlue = preprogrammed Color object

Try to change it to another color, what did you do?

Color object named: backgroundColor

- Only needs to be accessed by Draw

- Define LOCALLY in Draw

- Initialize so all red, green, blue values 0

3 Parameters – red, green, blue(ORDER MATTER)

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)

{

Color backgroundColor = new Color(0, 0, 0);

GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor);

base.Draw(gameTime);

}

Color takes in 3 parameters – 3 BYTE values, in order representing the red intensity value, green intensity value, and blue intensity value

Alter red, green, blue intensities to change color

(range in values of 0 – 255)

Color(red, green, blue)

Try to create colors – record color combinations!

Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Purple, Orange

Experiment!!!

What if we wanted to individually change each red, green, and blue intensity value?

Red, Green, Blue Intensity:

- Need to “update” in update method

- Use to “draw” background color

- Want to use in update AND draw method

- Define GLOBALLY

- Only take values 0-255 so “byte” type

After class of Game1 Defined…define the following:

byte red = 0;

byte green = 0;

byte blue = 0;

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)

{

Color backgroundColor;

backgroundColor = new Color(red,

green, blue);

GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor);

base.Draw(gameTime);

}

protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)

{

if(GamePad.GetState(…….)Exit();

red++;

green++;

blue++;

base.Update(gameTime);

}

Update makes changes to the game components

Draw Uses these updates to redraw the background

BOTH RUN 60 TIMES PER SECOND

Fill in the handout with pictures and Notes as you Go

Classes and Methods are just like how a business office would run!

Each class is ONE Office with employees and

resources

Each employee has a job or “Action” they are assigned to do.

Each employee in an office represents a Method because in

Method in a class has a very specific job to perform.

1) Each time Mr. Draw’s is “called” and his

phone rings, he is told to “do his job.”

2) Mr. Draw’s job first requires him to go

to the table, and find the values of the

three colors on the desk.

3) Next, he must call Ms. Clear (another

employee/method in the Graphic Device

office/class) and give her the values over

the phone so she can clear the screen to

the correct color.

Once done, Mr. Draw sits down and waits

for his next call.

NOTE: Mr. Draw represents

the Draw Method in our

current Moodlight project

we are working on.

**compare to our code**

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)

{

Color backgroundColor;

backgroundColor = new Color(red, green, blue);

GraphicsDevice.Clear(backgroundColor);

base.Draw(gameTime);

}

Each time Mrs. Update is “called” and her

phone rings, he is told to “do her job.”

Mrs. Update’s job requires her to access

the 3 color values on the table, update the

values (in the case of our program, add

one to each value).

Once done, Mrs. Update sits down and

waits for her next call.

NOTE: Mrs. Update

represents the Update

Method in our current

Moodlight project we are

working on.

**compare to current

code**

protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)

{

red++;

green++;

blue++;

base.Update(gameTime);

}

Special note about Mr. Draw and Mrs. Update: in our

Moodlight program, they are called to do their job every

sixtieth of a second.

The three values on the table: red, green, and blue are all values

that Mr. Draw, Mrs. Update, and any other employees in the office

can change or use. As a result, these represent the global

variables/objects of our program – the variables/objects that all

METHODS can access and change!

I can

Convert numbers between binary and decimal

Use basic mathematics in a programming language.

Define what the word “assignment” means in a programming language.

17093

17093

1s10s100s1000s10000s

17093

1s10s100s1000s10000s

100101102103104

10011

1s2s4s8s

2021222324

16s

11001101

1248163264128

Add together each power of 2 that is used to create the binary number!

128 + 62 + 8 + 4 + 1 = 205

11001101 is the same as 205 in our decimal number system

CONVERT THE FOLLOWING FROM BINARY INTO DECIMAL.

1) 10111

2) 10001

3) 111

4) 1111

5) 1101

6) 1001

7) 11001

8) 11111111

CHECK YOUR ANSWERS!

1) 10111

2) 10001

3) 111

4) 1111

5) 1101

6) 1001

7) 11001

8) 11111111

23

17

7

15

13

9

25

255

93

CONVERT THE FOLLOWING FROM DECIMAL INTO BINARY.

1) 17

2) 40

3) 64

4) 29

5) 108

6) 96

7) 72

8) 9

CHECK YOUR ANSWER

1) 17

2) 40

3) 64

4) 29

5) 108

6) 96

7) 72

8) 9

10001

101000

1000000

11101

1101100

1100000

1001000

1001

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dnd28lQHquU

Run the Program we created yesterday

What do you notice happening?

Do you notice the program fades from black to white and then ABRUPTLY changes to black again?

red++;

// green++;

// blue++;

What do you notice?

Remember red, blue, and green are BYTE variables something special is happening here

To understand Byte’s we need to understand binary!

Bit = 1 single “1” or “0”

Byte = holds 8 bits!

Byte – biggest number:

1111 1111

Convert this into decimal!!

1111 1111 = 255 in decimal

When goes to 256

1 0000 0000

But our byte value only looks at “8” bits

So the value returns to 0 restarts the count!

**This is why your color abruptly changes back to the beginning in your program!**

Integer:

+: 4 + 5 = 9

-: 9 – 11 = -2

*: 2*3 = 6

Double:

+: 2.1 + 3.4 = 5.5

-: 5 – 2.5 = 2.5

*: 4*3.3 = 13.2

Some math behaves exactly

as you expect!

Integer:

/: 14/4 = 3

% 14%4 = 2

(% = called modulus)

Double:

/: 12.4/4 = 3.1

Some math does not behave

as expected!!

Integer Math

=

Integer Answer

/ AND % BOTH NEEDED!

/ = # of times number goes in

% = remainder after divide

Double Math (Decimal)

=

Decimal Answer

Can be decimal answer – so modulus not needed

Integer Math:

16/5 =

16%5 =

Double Math (Decimal):

16.0/5.0 =

1) 12.5/6 =

2) 16/4 =

3) 16/5 =

4) 16%5 =

5) 25/9 =

6) 25%9 =

7) 10%4 =

8) 16.0/6 =

9) 20%7 =

10) 62/8 =

1) 12.5/6 = 2.08333

2) 16/4 = 4

3) 16/5 = 3

4) 16%5 = 1

5) 25/9 = 2

6) 25%9 = 7

7) 10%4 = 2

8) 16.0/6 = 2.66667

9) 20%7 = 6

10) 62/8 = 7

P

E

M/D

%

A/S

*If two integers, assume integer mathematics*

1) 4*(3 – 6)^2 + 4

2) 0.5*6(18%4)^3 – 7 + 8

3) 16/4*5/10*6%7

4) 5*4 – 17%5 + 20.0/5*10 – 2^2

5) 48/(4-6)^3 – 10 - 36%5*2

1. num++;

2. num--;

3. num += 3;

4. num *= 2;

5. num /= 5;

6. num -= 6;

1. num++;

2. num--;

3. num +=3;

4. num *=2;

5. num /=5;

6. num -=6;

num = num + 1

num = num – 1

num = num + 3

num = num*2

num = num/5

num = num - 6

1. num++;

2. num--;

3. num += 3;

4. num *= 2;

5. num /= 5;

6. num -= 6;

num = num + 1

num = num – 1

num = num + 3

num = num*2

num = num/5

num = num - 6

11

9

13

20

2

4

When we store a value in a variable!

Symbol: =

THIS “=“ IS NOT LIKE THE EQUALS SIGN IN MATH….IT MEANS ASSIGNMENT!!!

Used to Assign (and rewrite) variable values

The value on the right is ASSIGNED to the value on the left

Ex: int number;

number = 4; assignment

number = 4*5 – 6; reassigned

14 = number; invalid

number + 5 = 6; invalid

int num1;

int num2;

num1 = 4 + 5;

print num1;

num2 = num1;

print num2;

num1 = num1 + 1;

print num1;

num2 = num1 +

num2;

print num2;

Trace the following

int x;

int y;

int z;

x = 3*4 – 2;

y = x – 6;

z = x + y

x = z*3

y = x + z

z = x – 10

x = y – 10

At the End of this program – what are the values of x, y, and z equal to?

I can…

Evaluate boolean expressions

Use conditional statements in game design

A graphical representation of an algorithm (or portion of an algorithm)

All actions are connected with arrows to show the flow of action

3 different control structures to represent different types of “flow”

1) Sequential 2) Selection 3) Repetition

Sequential (Linear) ONE flow

**basic programs**

Selection (Decision) Split at Decisions - multiple paths

Single selection: If…Then

Double selection: If…Else

Multiple Selection:

If…ElseIf…Else

Repetition (Looping) repeat code

Game Loop:

Update

&

Draw

Repeated 60 times a second!

(We won’t code looping – automatic in game design!)

An expression that evaluates to:

TRUE or FALSE

Used to make DECISIONS in code

Based on comparisons using relationship operators (next slide)

NOTE: EVALUATE TO TRUE OR FALSE!!!

!=!=

TRUE OR FALSE:

1) x – y > 0

2) 4*y == 30

3) y/x != z

4) 22% 5 > 1

5) x*z >= y*z

6) z < 2*2 – 6

7) y*z != 5*(-4)

8) 27%7 <= 5

TRUE OR FALSE:

1) x – y > 0 False

2) 4*y == 30 False

3) y/x != z True

4) 22% 5 > 1 True

5) x*z >= y*z True

6) z < 2*2 – 6 False

7) y*z != 5*(-4) False

8) 27%7 <= 5 False

Single Selection Statements:

If…Then

Flow Chart

If (<Boolean condition>)

{

<action 1>;

….

<action n>;

}

ARE THESE VALID LINES OF CODE?!?X = 4 Y = -3 Z = 2

1) If (x*z > =5)

2) If( x + y + z )

3) If( x*y = -12)

4) If(x*y != z)

5) If( x*y > 0)

{

x = y + 4;

}

6) If (z > 0)

{

z = x*y

}

ARE THESE VALID LINES OF CODE?!?X = 4 Y = -3 Z = 2

1) If (x*z > =5)

Valid

2) If( x + y + z )

Invalid

3) If( x*y = -12)

Invalid

4) If(x*y != z)

Valid

5) If( x*y > 0) Valid

{

x = y + 4;

}

6) If (z > 0) Invalid

{

z = x*y(;)

}

Now: Double Selection Statements

If……Else

Flow Chart:

If (<Boolean condition>)

{

<action(s) when True>;

}

Else

{

<action(s) when False>;

}

When MORE than 2 possibilities

If…If Else…Else Statements

Flow Chart (complicated…)

Will check conditions until finds FIRST condition it meets – then skips remainder of conditional.

If (<first boolean condition>)

{<first action(s)>;}

else if(<second boolean condition>)

{<second action(s)>;}

else if(<third boolean condition>)

…

else

{<nth action(s)>;}

If (r > 80)

{Print “B”;}

else if(r > 70)

{Print “C”;}

else if(r > 90)

{Print “A”;}

else

{Print “Need Improvement”;}

Data

a) r = 75

b) r = 55

c) r = 94

d) r = 82

e) r = 10

Count Up

Hit 255

Count Down

Hit 0

Come up with an algorithm for how we could “repeat this” for our mood light!

Use a new type of variable to track if counting up or down!

bool redCountUp

When redIntensity reaches 255 redCountUp set to false

When redIntensity reaches 0 redCountUp set to true

When redCountUp True increase redIntensity, otherwise decrease

After define and initialize byte variables:

bool redCountUp = true;

(can declare and initialize in the same line!)

protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)

{

if(GamePad.GetState(…….)Exit();

red++; remove this line

green++;

blue++;

if(red == 255)

{

redCountUp = false;

}

if(red == 0)

{

redCountUp = true;

}

if(redCountUp == false)

{

red++;

}

Else

{

red--;

}

base.Update(gameTime);

}

I can…

Describe the game loop and trace through code mimicking the game loop.