Upload
rae-bolton
View
35
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Unit 3. Classical Civilizations. Classical Civilizations. Define: Maurya (India) Greece Rome Han (China) The Fall of Empires. “Classical Civilization” – Very highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today. B.C. A.D. 1. 1600. 1400. 1200. 1000. 800. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
“Classical Civilization” – Very highly organized civilization that contributed many things to our lives today
B.C. A.D.1
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
200
400
Greek
Roman
Maurya - India
Han - China
MAURYA CIVILIZATION
Location: Northern India – Indus River Valley
Why we study about Mauryan Civilization: Created a bureaucracy
(system that runs a government)
Ran a centralized government – all cities report to one location, all laws come from one location
HAN DYNASTY
Location: Eastern China
Contributions to our society: (Han Dynasty)PaperWheelbarrowRudderAcupuncture
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
Built to keep invading army from the north
Before the use of bricks, the Great Wall was mainly built from rammed earth, stones, and wood.
1,387.2 miles Only man made
structure visible from Earth
Silk:- Very popular trade product, soft natural fiber (Chinese law: no silk worms or mulberry bushes could be exported from China)- “Silk Road” was created; connected China with the Middle East
Civil Service Exam:- Must pass a test to get a government job (merit not family)- Based upon the teachings of Confucius
Dynasty System: - A line of ruling families in China- Each ruling family claimed the Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven: - The belief that families are given the right to rule by the gods
GREECE
Religion:- Polytheistic (the belief in many gods)- Each god controlled some part of the natural world- Titans- Mythology (Prometheus, Hercules, Perseus, The Odyssey, Troy, etc…….)
GREEK HIERARCHY OF GODS
Titans: Chaos, Gaia, Uranus, Rhea, Cronos, etc…
The 12 Olympians: Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Athena, Ares, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Hermes, & Dionysus
Mythology: Minotaur & the Labyrinth, Prometheus Flame, Medusa and Perseus, 12 Labors of Hercules, The Trojan War, The Odyssey of Odysseus, The 3 Sisters of Fate, etc…
GREEK HISTORY: City States:
Greece is made up of mountainous islands – because of difficulty traveling and communicating; no centralized governments formed
As a result city-states developed, which consisted of a city and its surrounding land
ATHENS Vs. SPARTA: 2 Main City-States, fought against each other in the Peloponnesian War Type of
GovernmentType of Society
Other Information
Athens Direct Democracy –citizens (free men) voted
Educated, Intellectual, Good relations with others
Citizens are men, cultural center
Sparta Dual Monarchy – 2 Kings, Council of Elders
War-like, poor outside relations, warriors
Life is hard, little travel or trade, no change
Alexander the Great: - Took over the “then known world” (Egypt, Persia, & India)
Hellenistic Culture:- A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture (a great example of cultural diffusion)- Created by Alexander the Great
CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY1. Architecture:
- Created “Classical” Architecture- Columns for support (Doric, Ionic, & Corinthian)- Straight lines and basic shapes (triangle, squares, and rectangles- Many of the buildings in Washington D.C. are modeled after Greek architecture (White House, Capital, etc…)
2. Philosophy:- Science of thinking about difficult and important issues- SOCRATES – PLATO – ARISTOTLE: Great Greek Philosophers
3. Democracy:- Type of Government – citizens help decide important issues established in Athens
4. Citizen:- Only free males (no women, slaves or foreigners)
ROMAN EMPIREDevelopment: 1.) Started as
a monarchy (king), 2.) A republic was formed as more people were assimilated into the empire (vote for representatives to make decisions), 3.) Empire (rulers called Caesar), Caesars make all the decisions for the people
Its location: Began in Italy (Rome) – the empire surrounds the Mediterranean Sea and was large enough to unite Europe with the Middle East (trade, common language [Latin], common government)
The “Republic” : Type of government where citizens elect representatives who decide on important issues (laws, taxes, etc…) government in Rome before it became an empire
Pax Romana or “Roman Peace”: Began with Augustus Caesar; 200 years of peace and prosperity (the Golden Age of Rome)
CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY1. Religion:
- Copied Greek religion, just changed the names of Gods2. Literature:
- Continued the Greek tradition of drama, poetry, and novels3. Engineering:
- Architecture – copied Greek “classical” architecture, added round shapes (arch and dome)- Arch: replaced columns for support – stronger than columns, could build larger structures with more open space- Aqueducts – carry fresh water from countryside to cities- Roads – 1.) built first great roadways, 2.) move army quickly, 3.) improved trade across empires
4. Laws:- 1.) Applied to all people within the empires, 2.) basis for our legal system today, 3.) 12 Tables were the written laws of Rome
5. Latin Language:
- Allowed everyone to communicate throughout the empire
- Common language of Europe for many centuries
HOW EMPIRES FALL APART
HAN DYNASTY ROMAN EMPIRE
1. People become corrupt and lazy2. Empires become too big to manage3. Foreign invasions4. Taxes get to high
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What does it mean to call a civilization classical?- Each development many things that our culture still uses; paper, gunpowder, arches, columns, laws, language, science, math, philosophy, etc…- They are the basis for our civilization today!
2. How did the geography cause the rise of city-states in Greece?- Mountains and islands were a barrier to travel and communications which restricted the Greek people from having a centralized government- People were isolated in small communities (cities and surrounding land)
3. Generally, what was the status of women and slaves in classical civilizations?- Not considered as citizens- Inferior to free men- No education- Roles limited – home-centered life
4. How are the contemporary (today’s) democratic governments rooted in classical civilizations?- Maurya: centralized government, bureaucracy- Han: civil service exam- Greece: democracy- Rome: laws, republic