Unit 2 Why Do We Do What We Do?. Incorrect Theories ► It is “doing what comes naturally” We automatically and instinctively know what is right and wrong

Unit 2Unit 2

Why Do We Do What We Do?Why Do We Do What We Do?

Incorrect TheoriesIncorrect Theories

► It is “doing what comes naturally”It is “doing what comes naturally” We automatically and instinctively know We automatically and instinctively know

what is right and wrong in every situation.what is right and wrong in every situation.

► It is “the little voice inside my head”It is “the little voice inside my head” An external voice whispers God’s will or An external voice whispers God’s will or

the devil’s temptation.the devil’s temptation.

Incorrect TheoriesIncorrect Theories

► It is “following the crowd”It is “following the crowd” We know what the right thing to do is by We know what the right thing to do is by

seeing what the majority of people do.seeing what the majority of people do.

► It is the feeling after a decisionIt is the feeling after a decision If I feel guilty, I was wrong. If I feel good, I If I feel guilty, I was wrong. If I feel good, I

was right.was right.

Catholic Church’s Definition of Catholic Church’s Definition of ConscienceConscience

►Conscience is the ability to reason and Conscience is the ability to reason and to distinguish truth and goodness from to distinguish truth and goodness from wrong or evilwrong or evil

►Conscience involves thought, prayer, Conscience involves thought, prayer, and honestyand honesty

Does Everyone Have Does Everyone Have a Conscience?a Conscience?

Andrea Yates and John Andrea Yates and John Kellerman ArticlesKellerman Articles

Catholic Church Catholic Church Teachings on Teachings on

FreedomFreedom

►All humans have the gift of freedom All humans have the gift of freedom because they are rational beings who because they are rational beings who are able to choose. We shape our are able to choose. We shape our lives through our free will.lives through our free will.

►There is no such thing as absolute There is no such thing as absolute freedom (freedom from or for freedom (freedom from or for everything). Choosing one thing is everything). Choosing one thing is choosing to give up another.choosing to give up another.

Teachings on FreedomTeachings on Freedom

►Continually choosing good (habits of Continually choosing good (habits of virtue) leads to greater freedom to virtue) leads to greater freedom to be who we are created to be.be who we are created to be.

►Continually choosing what is wrong Continually choosing what is wrong (habits of sin) abuses our freedom (habits of sin) abuses our freedom and can enslave people both and can enslave people both inwardly and outwardly.inwardly and outwardly.



►There are impediments that keep us There are impediments that keep us from choosing morally responsible from choosing morally responsible actions: ignorance, passion, fear, actions: ignorance, passion, fear, prejudice, mental illness, and prejudice, mental illness, and personality structure.personality structure.

Personality Structure – Personality Structure – Enneagram Personality Enneagram Personality

TestTest

Enneagram - OneEnneagram - One

1.1. I put much effort into correcting my I put much effort into correcting my faultsfaults

2.2. I’m often bothered because things aren’t I’m often bothered because things aren’t the way they should bethe way they should be

3.3. I hate to waste timeI hate to waste time

4.4. I often blame myself for not doing betterI often blame myself for not doing better

5.5. Often, the least flaw can ruin the whole Often, the least flaw can ruin the whole thing for mething for me

6.6. I have trouble relaxing and being playfulI have trouble relaxing and being playful

Enneagram - OneEnneagram - One

7.7. Voices critical of me and others Voices critical of me and others frequently chatter in my head.frequently chatter in my head.

8.8. I seem to worry more than other I seem to worry more than other people.people.

9.9. I feel almost compelled to be honest.I feel almost compelled to be honest.

10.10.I sometimes sense a Puritanical I sometimes sense a Puritanical streak in myself.streak in myself.

11.11.Being right is important for meBeing right is important for me

Enneagram – OneEnneagram – One

12.12.I frequently have a sense of urgency I frequently have a sense of urgency that time is running out and there is that time is running out and there is still so much left to dostill so much left to do

13.13.I feel a need to be accountable for I feel a need to be accountable for most of my timemost of my time

14.14.I could easily be, or am, a scrupulous I could easily be, or am, a scrupulous (careful) person(careful) person

15.15.I can identify rather easily with I can identify rather easily with crusaders against evilcrusaders against evil

Enneagram - OneEnneagram - One16.16.If something isn’t fair, it If something isn’t fair, it reallyreally bothers me bothers me

17.17.I feel almost compelled to keep trying to I feel almost compelled to keep trying to better myself and what I am doingbetter myself and what I am doing

18.18.I feel I have to be perfect before others I feel I have to be perfect before others will love me or approve of mewill love me or approve of me

19.19.I frequently feel frustrated because I frequently feel frustrated because neither I nor others are the way we should neither I nor others are the way we should bebe

20.20.I seem to see things in terms or right or I seem to see things in terms or right or wrong, good or badwrong, good or bad

Enneagram – TwoEnneagram – Two

1.1. Many people depend on my help and Many people depend on my help and generosity.generosity.

2.2. I take more pride in my service of I take more pride in my service of others than in anything else. others than in anything else.

3.3. I need to feel important in other I need to feel important in other people’s lives. I like people to need me. people’s lives. I like people to need me.

4.4. Many people feel close to me.Many people feel close to me.

5.5. I regularly compliment other people. I regularly compliment other people.


6.6. I like to rescue people when I see I like to rescue people when I see they’re in trouble or are in they’re in trouble or are in embarrassing situationsembarrassing situations

7.7. I’m almost compelled to help other I’m almost compelled to help other people, whether I feel like it or notpeople, whether I feel like it or not

8.8. People often come to me for comfort People often come to me for comfort and adviceand advice

9.9. Many times I feel overburdened by Many times I feel overburdened by others’ dependence on meothers’ dependence on me


10.10.I don’t feel that I have that many needsI don’t feel that I have that many needs

11.11.I sometimes feel that others really I sometimes feel that others really don’t appreciate me for what I’ve donedon’t appreciate me for what I’ve done

12.12.I like to feel “close” to peopleI like to feel “close” to people

13.13.Sometimes I feel victimized by others, Sometimes I feel victimized by others, as though I’m just being used by themas though I’m just being used by them

14.14.To love and be loved are the most To love and be loved are the most important things in lifeimportant things in life


15.15.Emotional issues are important to meEmotional issues are important to me

16.16.I feel I deserve to be first in I feel I deserve to be first in someone’s life because of all I’ve someone’s life because of all I’ve done for themdone for them

17.17.I think of myself as a nurturing kind of I think of myself as a nurturing kind of personperson

18.18.When I have time off, I frequently When I have time off, I frequently spend it helping othersspend it helping others


19.19.I communicate with my friends more I communicate with my friends more often than they communicate with meoften than they communicate with me

20.20.I like taking care of othersI like taking care of others

Enneagram – ThreeEnneagram – Three

1.1. I like to keep myself on the goI like to keep myself on the go

2.2. I like to work on a team and I make a I like to work on a team and I make a good team membergood team member

3.3. I identify with precision and I identify with precision and professionalismprofessionalism

4.4. Being able to get things organized Being able to get things organized and accomplished just seems to come and accomplished just seems to come natural to menatural to me


5.5. ““Success” is a word that means a lot to Success” is a word that means a lot to meme

6.6. I like to have clear goals set and to I like to have clear goals set and to know where I stand on the way toward know where I stand on the way toward those goalsthose goals

7.7. I like progress charts, grades, and I like progress charts, grades, and other indications of how I am doingother indications of how I am doing

8.8. I’m envied by other people for how I’m envied by other people for how much I get donemuch I get done


9.9. Projecting a successful image is very Projecting a successful image is very important to meimportant to me

10.10.Making decisions is not a problem for Making decisions is not a problem for meme

11.11.To be successful, you sometimes have To be successful, you sometimes have to compromise your own standardsto compromise your own standards

12.12.When I recall my past, I tend to When I recall my past, I tend to remember what I did well and right remember what I did well and right rather than what I did poorly or wrongrather than what I did poorly or wrong


13.13.I hate to be told something I’m doing I hate to be told something I’m doing isn’t workingisn’t working

14.14.Generally, I prefer to be involved in the Generally, I prefer to be involved in the aspect of an operation that will get it aspect of an operation that will get it moving rather than keep it goingmoving rather than keep it going

15.15.I would do well in the advertising I would do well in the advertising aspect of a projectaspect of a project

16.16.I can get so identified with my work or I can get so identified with my work or role that I forget who role that I forget who II am am


17.17.I believe that appearances are I believe that appearances are importantimportant

18.18.I feel I need many achievements I feel I need many achievements before other people will notice mebefore other people will notice me

19.19.I tend to be an assertive go-getter I tend to be an assertive go-getter kind of personkind of person

20.20.First impressions countFirst impressions count

Enneagram – FourEnneagram – Four

1.1. Most people don’t appreciate the real Most people don’t appreciate the real beauty of lifebeauty of life

2.2. I have an almost compulsive nostalgia I have an almost compulsive nostalgia for my pastfor my past

3.3. I try to look casual and naturalI try to look casual and natural

4.4. I have always had an attraction for I have always had an attraction for symbolismsymbolism

5.5. People don’t feel as deeply as I doPeople don’t feel as deeply as I do


6.6. Other people often lack the capacity to Other people often lack the capacity to understand how I feelunderstand how I feel

7.7. I like to do things properly and with classI like to do things properly and with class

8.8. My environmental surroundings are very My environmental surroundings are very important to meimportant to me

9.9. I like the theater very much and I like the theater very much and fantasize myself as being on stagefantasize myself as being on stage

10.10.Manners and good taste are important to Manners and good taste are important to meme


11.11.I don’t like to think of myself as being I don’t like to think of myself as being ordinary.ordinary.

12.12.I can get preoccupied with suffering, I can get preoccupied with suffering, loss, and death.loss, and death.

13.13.I’m sometimes afraid that just my I’m sometimes afraid that just my normal feeling response won’t be normal feeling response won’t be enough. enough.


14.14.I seem to absorb rather easily most of I seem to absorb rather easily most of the feelings of a group, so much so that the feelings of a group, so much so that frequently I lose a sense of where my frequently I lose a sense of where my own feelings leave off and where others own feelings leave off and where others beginbegin

15.15.I seem to be more bothered than most I seem to be more bothered than most about termination of relationshipsabout termination of relationships

16.16.I resonate with the “tragic clown” I resonate with the “tragic clown” figure, smiling through the gloomfigure, smiling through the gloom


17.17.I have been accused of being aloofI have been accused of being aloof

18.18.I find myself swinging back and forth I find myself swinging back and forth between highs and lows. Either I’m between highs and lows. Either I’m very up or very down. I don’t feel very up or very down. I don’t feel very alive when I’m in the middlevery alive when I’m in the middle

19.19.People have accused me of being People have accused me of being overly dramaticoverly dramatic


20.20.The arts and artistic expression are The arts and artistic expression are very important to me as a means of very important to me as a means of channeling my emotionschanneling my emotions

Enneagram – FiveEnneagram – Five

1.1. I tend to keep my feelings to myself. I tend to keep my feelings to myself.

2.2. I hold onto what I have and gather I hold onto what I have and gather items I might need to use some day. items I might need to use some day.

3.3. I don’t know how to engage in small I don’t know how to engage in small talk very well. talk very well.

4.4. Intellectually, I like to synthesize and Intellectually, I like to synthesize and put together different ideas. put together different ideas.


5.5. I go blank when I’m embarrassed or I go blank when I’m embarrassed or when someone asks how I feel right when someone asks how I feel right now. now.

6.6. I need much private time and space. I need much private time and space.

7.7. I tend to let others take the initiative. I tend to let others take the initiative.

8.8. I often sit back and observe other I often sit back and observe other people rather than get involved.people rather than get involved.

9.9. I tend to be something of a loner.I tend to be something of a loner.


10.10.I seem to be more silent than most I seem to be more silent than most others. People often ask me what I’m others. People often ask me what I’m thinking.thinking.

11.11.I have trouble reaching out or asking I have trouble reaching out or asking for what I need. for what I need.

12.12.If an issue comes up, I like to first work If an issue comes up, I like to first work it out by myself, then go discuss it with it out by myself, then go discuss it with others. others.

13.13.Asserting myself is very difficult.Asserting myself is very difficult.


14.14.I try to solve my problems by thinking. I try to solve my problems by thinking.

15.15.I like to put things in perspective, to step I like to put things in perspective, to step back and take everything in. If I leave back and take everything in. If I leave anything out, I accuse myself of being anything out, I accuse myself of being too simplistic or naïve. too simplistic or naïve.

16.16.I tend to be stingy with my time, money, I tend to be stingy with my time, money, and self.and self.

17.17.I really hate it when I don’t get my I really hate it when I don’t get my money’s worthmoney’s worth


18.18.When I’m upset with myself or others, When I’m upset with myself or others, I frequently think of myself or them in I frequently think of myself or them in terms of “fools,” “idiots,” “stupid,” terms of “fools,” “idiots,” “stupid,” etc. etc.

19.19.I have a very soft tone of voice and I have a very soft tone of voice and people often have to ask me to speak people often have to ask me to speak up. This irritates me. up. This irritates me.

20.20.I tend to be more a taker than a giver. I tend to be more a taker than a giver.

Enneagram - SixEnneagram - Six

1.1. I am basically a middle-of-the-road person. I am basically a middle-of-the-road person.

2.2. Loyalty to a group is very important for meLoyalty to a group is very important for me

3.3. I find it very difficult to go against what I find it very difficult to go against what authority says. authority says.

4.4. Before making a decision, I get additional Before making a decision, I get additional information to make sure I’m prepared. information to make sure I’m prepared.

5.5. I take a long time to make up my mind I take a long time to make up my mind because I need to explore the options fully. because I need to explore the options fully.


6.6. I often wonder if I’m brave enough to I often wonder if I’m brave enough to do what must be done. do what must be done.

7.7. I’m often plagued by doubt. I’m often plagued by doubt.

8.8. I like to be very sure before acting. I like to be very sure before acting.

9.9. Without strict laws it’s hard to tell Without strict laws it’s hard to tell what people might do.what people might do.

10.10.I often tend to operate out of a sense I often tend to operate out of a sense of duty and responsibility.of duty and responsibility.


11.11.I like having limits in which to work. I like having limits in which to work.

12.12.I seem to sense danger and threat I seem to sense danger and threat more than others do. more than others do.

13.13.I tend to take sides and be concerned I tend to take sides and be concerned about whose side people are on. about whose side people are on.

14.14.I tend to be aware of and sensitive to I tend to be aware of and sensitive to contradictions.contradictions.


15.15.I prefer to have things scheduled I prefer to have things scheduled rather than open-ended. rather than open-ended.

16.16.Frequently, I find myself evaluating Frequently, I find myself evaluating others in terms of whether they are a others in terms of whether they are a threat to me or not. threat to me or not.

17.17.““Prudence” is a very important virtue Prudence” is a very important virtue for me.for me.

18.18.I constantly seem to be working I constantly seem to be working against or challenging my fears. against or challenging my fears.

Enneagram – SixEnneagram – Six

19.19.I seem to be concerned about I seem to be concerned about defending myself or my position more defending myself or my position more than other people are. than other people are.

20.20.I often fantasize myself in some kind I often fantasize myself in some kind of “hero” role or position.of “hero” role or position.

Enneagram - SevenEnneagram - Seven

1.1. I seem to be less suspicious of people I seem to be less suspicious of people and their motives than other people and their motives than other people are. are.

2.2. There are very few things in life which I There are very few things in life which I can’t enjoy. can’t enjoy.

3.3. Things always work out for the best. Things always work out for the best.

4.4. I wish other people were more light-I wish other people were more light-hearted about things. hearted about things.

5.5. I like other people to see me as happy. I like other people to see me as happy.


6.6. I usually look on the bright side of I usually look on the bright side of things and don’t look for the negative things and don’t look for the negative side of life. side of life.

7.7. I like almost everyone I meet. I like almost everyone I meet.

8.8. I like to tell stories. I like to tell stories.

9.9. I like to think of myself as a childlike, I like to think of myself as a childlike, playful person. playful person.

10.10.People say I’m often the life of the People say I’m often the life of the party. party.


11.11.I like to consider the cosmic I like to consider the cosmic ramifications of events, the universal ramifications of events, the universal importance of everything that importance of everything that happens. happens.

12.12.My theory is: if something is good, My theory is: if something is good, more is better. more is better.

13.13. I don’t think it’s good to be sad for too I don’t think it’s good to be sad for too long. long.

14.14.I like to make things “nice.”I like to make things “nice.”


15.15.I like to “savor” life. I like to “savor” life.

16.16.I tend to be very enthusiastic about the I tend to be very enthusiastic about the future. future.

17.17.I like to cheer people up. I like to cheer people up.

18.18.Most of the time I avoid getting into Most of the time I avoid getting into really “heavy” issues. really “heavy” issues.

19.19.I tend to jump from one thing to I tend to jump from one thing to another rather than go into anything in-another rather than go into anything in-depth. depth.

Enneagram – SevenEnneagram – Seven

20.20.I remember my childhood as happy. I remember my childhood as happy.

Enneagram – EightEnneagram – Eight

1.1. I am very good at standing up and I am very good at standing up and fighting for what I want. fighting for what I want.

2.2. I sense others’ weak points quickly, I sense others’ weak points quickly, and I will push them there if I am and I will push them there if I am provoked. provoked.

3.3. I find it easy to express my I find it easy to express my dissatisfaction with things. dissatisfaction with things.

4.4. I am not afraid to confront other people I am not afraid to confront other people and I do confront them. and I do confront them.


5.5. I enjoy the exercise of power. I enjoy the exercise of power.

6.6. I have a sense of where the power resides in I have a sense of where the power resides in a group. a group.

7.7. I am an aggressive, self-assertive person. I am an aggressive, self-assertive person.

8.8. I know how to get things done. I know how to get things done.

9.9. I have trouble accepting and expressing my I have trouble accepting and expressing my tender, gentle, softer, “feminine” side. tender, gentle, softer, “feminine” side.

10.10.I get bored easily and like to keep moving. I get bored easily and like to keep moving.


11.11.Justice and injustice are key issues for Justice and injustice are key issues for me. me.

12.12.I protect people who are under my I protect people who are under my authority or jurisdiction. authority or jurisdiction.

13.13.I think of myself as being an “earthy” I think of myself as being an “earthy” person. person.

14.14.Generally, I don’t care much for Generally, I don’t care much for introspection or too much self-analysis. introspection or too much self-analysis.

15.15.I think of myself as a non-conformist. I think of myself as a non-conformist.


16.16.I don’t like to be cornered. I don’t like to be cornered.

17.17.I don’t like to be told to adjust myself. I don’t like to be told to adjust myself.

18.18.I think of myself as a hard-worker. I think of myself as a hard-worker.

19.19.I have trouble just letting things be. I have trouble just letting things be.

20.20.I think other people create their own I think other people create their own problems.problems.

Enneagram - NineEnneagram - Nine

1.1. Most people get too worked up over Most people get too worked up over things. things.

2.2. Most things in life aren’t worth getting Most things in life aren’t worth getting upset about. upset about.

3.3. I’m almost always peaceful and calm. I’m almost always peaceful and calm.

4.4. I like to just do nothing. I like to just do nothing.

5.5. I’m an extremely easy-going person. I’m an extremely easy-going person.


6.6. I can’t remember the last time I had I can’t remember the last time I had trouble sleeping. trouble sleeping.

7.7. While there are some differences, I feel While there are some differences, I feel most people are pretty much the most people are pretty much the same. same.

8.8. Generally, I don’t get too enthusiastic Generally, I don’t get too enthusiastic about things. about things.

9.9. There is nothing so urgent that it can’t There is nothing so urgent that it can’t wait until tomorrow. wait until tomorrow.


10.10.I have a need for outside stimulation to I have a need for outside stimulation to get me going. get me going.

11.11.I hate to waste my energy on anything. I I hate to waste my energy on anything. I look for energy-saving approaches to look for energy-saving approaches to things.things.

12.12.My attitude is: “I don’t let it bother me.”My attitude is: “I don’t let it bother me.”

13.13.I can be a dispassionate arbiter because I can be a dispassionate arbiter because one side is as good as the other. one side is as good as the other.


14.14.I hate to be unsettled. I hate to be unsettled.

15.15.I generally follow the line of least I generally follow the line of least resistance. resistance.

16.16.I take pride in being a stable person. I take pride in being a stable person.

17.17.I tend to play things down to get I tend to play things down to get other people settled down. other people settled down.

18.18.I don’t think of myself as being all I don’t think of myself as being all that important. that important.


19.19.I have trouble listening and paying I have trouble listening and paying attention. attention.

20.20.I agree with this statement: Why I agree with this statement: Why stand when you can sit; and why sit stand when you can sit; and why sit when you can lie down.when you can lie down.

What does the Catholic What does the Catholic Church say about Church say about

Conscience?Conscience?

►Conscience enlightens us and is the Conscience enlightens us and is the deepest, most sacred heart of deepest, most sacred heart of ourselves.ourselves.

►We are obliged to follow our We are obliged to follow our conscience faithfully. We must freely conscience faithfully. We must freely choose and act based on our choose and act based on our conscience.conscience.

►We must continue to form our We must continue to form our conscience by deliberately doing the conscience by deliberately doing the right thing. This will increase our right thing. This will increase our awareness of what the right thing to awareness of what the right thing to do is!do is!

►Even if our decisions turns out to be Even if our decisions turns out to be wrong objectively, we are morally right wrong objectively, we are morally right subjectively if we followed to the best subjectively if we followed to the best of our ability our well-informed of our ability our well-informed conscience.conscience. Objective – that which actually existsObjective – that which actually exists Subjective – that which a person Subjective – that which a person

perceives to be soperceives to be so

►We must strive to develop an informed We must strive to develop an informed conscience.conscience.

Process of Informing our Process of Informing our ConscienceConscience

1.1. Pray for God’s guidance as we sort through right Pray for God’s guidance as we sort through right from wrong.from wrong.

2.2. Consult with others and listen to wise advice.Consult with others and listen to wise advice.

3.3. Increase our ability to understand others and feel Increase our ability to understand others and feel compassion for them.compassion for them.

4.4. Consider how Jesus’ teachings and example affect Consider how Jesus’ teachings and example affect our life.our life.

5.5. Understand and apply what the Catholic Church Understand and apply what the Catholic Church teaches about moral matters.teaches about moral matters.


1.1. Pray for God’s guidance as we sort through Pray for God’s guidance as we sort through right from wrong.right from wrong.





DiscernmentDiscernment

The process of making serious The process of making serious decisions in a reflective, decisions in a reflective,

prayerful contextprayerful context

Discernment Cont…Discernment Cont…

►Helps a person to discover and carry Helps a person to discover and carry out the best decision in a situation out the best decision in a situation

►There are two requirements:There are two requirements:

DiscernmentDiscernment

1.1. Our lives must be centered in God. Our lives must be centered in God. • We must make prayer and reflection part of our We must make prayer and reflection part of our

everyday lives everyday lives • quiet time, music, etc.quiet time, music, etc.

2.2. We need to recognize the voice of the Holy We need to recognize the voice of the Holy Spirit. Spirit. • It is important to learn the difference between the It is important to learn the difference between the

prompting of the Holy Spirit and our own weaknesses, prompting of the Holy Spirit and our own weaknesses, impulses, and temptationsimpulses, and temptations

• God does want us to be happy, so our deepest desires God does want us to be happy, so our deepest desires may be from the Holy Spirit’s directionmay be from the Holy Spirit’s direction



2.2. Consult with others and listen to wise Consult with others and listen to wise advice.advice.




WISE ADVISE BOOKLETWISE ADVISE BOOKLETEmail Ms. Elder before next classEmail Ms. Elder before next class




3.3. Increase our ability to understand others Increase our ability to understand others and feel compassion for them.and feel compassion for them.







4.4. Consider how Jesus’ teachings and example Consider how Jesus’ teachings and example affect our life.affect our life.


Jesus’ TeachingsJesus’ Teachings

►The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) is an excellent summary of Jesus’ 7) is an excellent summary of Jesus’ teachings. This sermon contains the teachings. This sermon contains the beatitudes which is Jesus’ primary beatitudes which is Jesus’ primary instruction on how we should live.instruction on how we should live.

► Jesus practices what he preaches.Jesus practices what he preaches.

► Jesus takes the laws in Hebrew Jesus takes the laws in Hebrew Scriptures, which are summed up in Scriptures, which are summed up in the Ten Commandments, and refines the Ten Commandments, and refines and clarifies them.and clarifies them.

LET’S LOOK AT SOME OF LET’S LOOK AT SOME OF JESUS’ TEACHINGSJESUS’ TEACHINGS

Partner ActivityPartner Activity






5.5. Understand and apply what the Catholic Understand and apply what the Catholic Church teaches about moral matters.Church teaches about moral matters.

Catholic Church Catholic Church TeachingsTeachings

Types of Catholic Church Types of Catholic Church TeachingsTeachings

► EncyclicalsEncyclicals – letters written by the pope to teach – letters written by the pope to teach the global Church on a particular issue.the global Church on a particular issue.

► Pastoral letterPastoral letter – a letter written by a bishop or a – a letter written by a bishop or a group of bishops to teach a diocese about a group of bishops to teach a diocese about a particular issue.particular issue.

► Catechism of the Catholic ChurchCatechism of the Catholic Church – the Church’s – the Church’s official manual of popular instruction; it was 1official manual of popular instruction; it was 1stst written during the Council of Trent in 1562; was written during the Council of Trent in 1562; was updated in 1995.updated in 1995.

SO WHAT DO THESE SO WHAT DO THESE TEACHINGS OF THE TEACHINGS OF THE CHURCH LOOK LIKE?CHURCH LOOK LIKE?

Lets look at some examplesLets look at some examples

EncyclicalsEncyclicals

►http://www.vatican.va/latest/latest_en.htm

Pastoral LettersPastoral Letters

►http://www.catholiclabor.org/church-doc/2007_CCK_Work-Labor_Pastoral_Letter.pdf

Catechism of the Catholic Catechism of the Catholic ChurchChurch

►http://www.vatican.va

Differentiate between Differentiate between Dogma, Doctrine, and Dogma, Doctrine, and the Hierarchy of Truthsthe Hierarchy of Truths

DogmaDogma

►A truth related to faith or morals, A truth related to faith or morals, revealed by God, transmitted from the revealed by God, transmitted from the Apostles in the Scriptures or by Apostles in the Scriptures or by tradition, and proposed by the Church. tradition, and proposed by the Church. These are infallible. These are infallible. Examples: the Holy Trinity and the Examples: the Holy Trinity and the

Immaculate ConceptionImmaculate Conception

DoctrineDoctrine

►An official teaching of the Church that An official teaching of the Church that may be revised in accordance with may be revised in accordance with changes in historical circumstances changes in historical circumstances and understanding.and understanding. Example: the “Just War” doctrineExample: the “Just War” doctrine

The “Just War” DoctrineThe “Just War” Doctrine► The strict conditions for The strict conditions for legitimate defense legitimate defense

by military forceby military force require rigorous require rigorous consideration. The gravity of such a decision consideration. The gravity of such a decision

makes it subject to rigorous conditions of makes it subject to rigorous conditions of moral legitimacy. At one and the same time:moral legitimacy. At one and the same time:

The damage inflicted by the aggressor on the The damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or community of nations must be lasting, nation or community of nations must be lasting,

grave, and certain;grave, and certain; All other means of putting an end to it must have All other means of putting an end to it must have

been shown to the impractical or ineffective;been shown to the impractical or ineffective; There must be serious prospects of success;There must be serious prospects of success; The use of arms must not produce evils and The use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated. disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated.

The power of modern means of destruction The power of modern means of destruction weighs very heavily in evaluating the condition.weighs very heavily in evaluating the condition.

Hierarchy of TruthsHierarchy of Truths

►The principle of ordering the mysteries The principle of ordering the mysteries of faith based on the varying ways of faith based on the varying ways they are related to one another, as they are related to one another, as summarized in the Creed.summarized in the Creed.

►These mysteries may be grouped These mysteries may be grouped under 4 basic heads:under 4 basic heads: The mystery of God the FatherThe mystery of God the Father The mystery of ChristThe mystery of Christ The mystery of the Holy SpiritThe mystery of the Holy Spirit The mystery of the ChurchThe mystery of the Church

Nicene CreedNicene CreedWe believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty,We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty,

maker of heaven and earth maker of heaven and earth of all that is seen and unseen.of all that is seen and unseen.

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only Son of God, eternally begotten of the Father,begotten of the Father,

God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God,begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father.begotten, not made, one in Being with the Father.

Through Him all things were made.Through Him all things were made.For us men and our salvation he came down from heaven:For us men and our salvation he came down from heaven:

by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and by the power of the Holy Spirit he was born of the Virgin Mary, and became man.became man.

For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilot; For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilot; he suffered, died, and was buried.he suffered, died, and was buried.

On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures;On the third day he rose again in fulfillment of the Scriptures;he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

He will come again to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will He will come again to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end.have no end.

We believe in the Holy Spirit,We believe in the Holy Spirit,the Lord, the giver of life, the Lord, the giver of life,

who proceeds from the Father and the Son.who proceeds from the Father and the Son.With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.

He has spoken through the Prophets.He has spoken through the Prophets.We believe in one holy Catholic and apostolic Church.We believe in one holy Catholic and apostolic Church.

We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.

Documents

Unit 2 Why Do We Do What We Do?. Incorrect Theories ► It is “doing what comes naturally” We automatically and instinctively know what is right and wrong