UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1 - PBworksfillpot.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/69172342/01_RMs_Unit 2.pdf · UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1 PERIODIC TABLE fordi OF i THE 6B ELEMENTS 12

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Gateways to Science, STAAR Edition, Grade 8

Lesson 1: Properties of MatterUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1

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Lesson 1: Properties of Matter

density the amount of matter in a given amount of space

mass amount of matter in a substance

grams unit of measurement for mass

cm3 or mL units of measurement for volume

metalmalleable, shiny, good conductor of heat

and electricity, located on the left side of the Periodic Table

nonmetal brittle, poor conductor, dull luster, located on the right side of the zigzag line on the Periodic Table

metalloid has properties similar to metals and nonmetals, located along the zigzag line on the Periodic Table

luster ability of an object to reflect light

conductivity ability to transmit heat and/or electricity

malleable able to be hammered into sheets

g/cm3 or g/ml units of measurement for density

volume the amount of space an object takes up

Properties of Matter Card Sort

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 2



Properties of Matter Vocabulary

Lesson 1: Properties of MatterUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 3

the

amou

nt o

f mat

ter

in

a gi

ven

amou

nt o

f spa

ce

amou

nt o

f mat

ter

in a

su

bsta

nce

unit

of m

easu

rem

ent f

or m

ass

units

of m

easu

rem

ent f

or

volu

me

mal

leab

le, s

hiny

, goo

d co

nduc

tor

of h

eat a

nd

elec

tric

ity, l

ocat

ed o

n th

e le

ft si

de o

f the

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

britt

le, p

oor

cond

ucto

r, du

ll lu

ster

, loc

ated

on

the

right

si

de o

f the

zig

zag

line

on th

e P

erio

dic

Tabl

e

has

prop

ertie

s si

mila

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m

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s an

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ted

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Per

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lect

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units

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ent f

or

dens

ity

the

amou

nt o

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ce a

n ob

ject

ta

kes

up

the

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ter

in

a gi

ven

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f mat

ter

in a

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unit

of m

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rem

ent f

or m

ass

units

of m

easu

rem

ent f

or

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me

mal

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le, s

hiny

, goo

d co

nduc

tor

of h

eat a

nd

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tric

ity, l

ocat

ed o

n th

e le

ft si

de o

f the

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

britt

le, p

oor

cond

ucto

r, du

ll lu

ster

, loc

ated

on

the

right

si

de o

f the

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zag

line

on th

e P

erio

dic

Tabl

e

has

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ertie

s si

mila

r to

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etal

s an

d no

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als,

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ted

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gzag

line

on

the

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

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ty o

f an

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ct to

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lect

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ht

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ty to

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smit

heat

and

/or

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tric

ity

able

to b

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mm

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into

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units

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easu

rem

ent f

or

dens

ity

the

amou

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ce a

n ob

ject

ta

kes

up

Properties of Matter Vocabulary




Page 1 of 4

Choose the best answer for each question.

Use the following diagrams to answer questions 1–4.

Which diagram best models the particles in —

1 air?

2 wood?

3 milk?

4 In which diagram do the particles have the most energy?

Assessment—Properties of Matter


A B C

200 mL

150

100

50

50

100

150

mL 0+5%+5%

REGION 4Made in USA

250 mL

APPR

OXI

MAT

E VO

LUM

ES

200 mL

150

100

50

50

100

150

mL 0+5%+5%

REGION 4Made in USA

250 mL

APPR

OXI

MAT

E VO

LUM

ES

200 mL

150

100

50

50

100

150

mL 0+5%+5%

REGION 4Made in USA

250 mL

APPR

OXI

MAT

E VO

LUM

ES



Lesson 1: Properties of MatterUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 4 continued

Page 2 of 4

5 Which of the following elements has the physical property of malleability?

A Copper

B Carbon

C Iodine

D Oxygen

6 All of the following elements are metals except —

F lead

G iron

H gold

J silicon



Lesson 1: Properties of MatterUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 4 continued

Page 3 of 4

7 Twenty milliliters of a liquid has a mass of 25 grams. What is the density of this substance?

A 0.8 g/mL

B 1 g/mL

C 1.25 g/mL

D 500 g/mL

8 The volume of a 34-gram rock is determined by water displacement to be 9 mL. Which of the following will happen if this object is placed in a container of water?

F H

G J

rock

water

rock

water

rock

water

rockwater




Page 4 of 4

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 4 continued

9 A student uses a triple beam balance to measure mass. What unit of measurement should the student use?

A mL

B g

C cm3

D g/mL

10 Tools needed to test the density of unknown liquids most likely include —

F thermometer, graduated cylinder, fire blanket

G graduated cylinder, triple beam balance, safety goggles

H meter stick, triple beam balance, microscope

J safety goggles, apron, fire blanket

11 Determine the density for a material that has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 20 mL. Grid the answer in below.

Texas Education AgencyStudent Assessment Division

Fall 2010

State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR™)Griddable Items for Science and Mathematics

For the general science and mathematics assessments, the STAAR program will use a type of open-ended question known as a griddable item. The purpose of griddable items is to provide students opportunities to derive answers independently without being infl uenced by answer choices provided with the questions. Most science and mathematics assessments will include 3 to 5 griddable items.

Griddable Items for STAAR Grades 3–8 Assessments• The correct answer will be a positive number.

• The answer grids include a fi xed decimal point with the exception of grade 3, which does not have a decimal point.

• Students must enter their answer in the correct columns with respect to the fi xed decimal point.

• Students must enter their answer in the boxes and then fi ll in the corresponding bubbles.

• Students do not have to use all the boxes.

• Extra zeros may be fi lled in (either before or after the answer) as long as their placement does not affect the value of the answer.

Grade 3 Assessment Grades 4–5 Assessments Grades 6–8 Assessments

Griddable Items for STAAR EOC Assessments

• The correct answer can be a positive or a negative number. If the answer is a negative number, students must enter a negative sign. If no sign is marked, the answer will default to a positive number.

• The answer grid includes a fl oating decimal point. If the answer is a decimal number, students must enter a decimal point.

• Students must enter their answer in the boxes (paper and online) and then fi ll in the corresponding bubbles (paper only).

• Students do not have to use all the boxes and can place their answer in any set of consecutive boxes.

• Extra zeros may be fi lled in (either before or after the answer) as long as their placement does not affect the value of the answer.

End-of-Course Assessments

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

+

– 0

9

1

.. . . . . .

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

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8

0

9

1

2

3

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5

6

7

8

0

9

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8



Before Learning

StatementsAfter

Learning

A D Different elements are composed of the same kind of atoms. A D

A D The atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. A D

A D Most of an atom’s mass is composed of protons and neutrons. A D

A D An atom’s volume is mostly the empty space of the electron cloud. A D

A D Neutrons have a negative charge. A D

A D It is impossible to determine the exact location of electrons in the atom at any moment. A D

A D Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. A D

A D The protons determine the identity of an element. A D

Anticipation Guide—Atomic Structure

Before Learning

StatementsAfter

Learning

A D Different elements are composed of the same kind of atoms. A D

A D The atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. A D

A D Most of an atom’s mass is composed of protons and neutrons. A D

A D An atom’s volume is mostly the empty space of the electron cloud. A D

A D Neutrons have a negative charge. A D

A D It is impossible to determine the exact location of electrons in the atom at any moment. A D

A D Neutral atoms have the same number of protons and electrons. A D

A D The protons determine the identity of an element. A D

Anticipation Guide—Atomic Structure

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 5Lesson 2: Atomic Structure



1 proton1 neutron

Both neutrons and protons have a mass of approximately 1 amu.

1 proton

1 electron

An electron has very little mass when compared to a proton.

1 proton

1836electrons

It takes 1836 electrons to equal the mass of just one proton.

Size of Subatomic Particles




Size of an Atom

Lesson 2: Atomic Structure UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 7

If the nucleus of an atom has a diameter of 1 inch, . . .

. . . then the electron cloud would have a diameter of about 1.6 miles.



Atomic Structure

Lesson 2: Atomic Structure UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 8

1 2 3

4 5 6



Atomic Structure Concept Map


WORD BANKatomelectronelectron cloudnegative chargeneutral or no chargeneutronnucleuspositive chargeproton


Gateways to Science, STAAR Edition, Grade 8 Page 1 of 5


1 A student cuts a piece of copper wire into the smallest possible pieces. Which statement best describes

the smallest piece of copper wire?

A The chemical properties of the copper change as the wire is cut.

B The smallest piece of wire is no longer copper.

C The copper changes properties and becomes a new element.

D The wire is still copper and does not change by cutting.

2 Which table best summarizes the subatomic particles and their electrical charge?

F H

G J

RM 10: Assessment—Atomic Structure


proton negative

neutron positive

electron no charge

proton positive

neutron negative

electron no charge

proton positive

neutron no charge

electron negative

proton no charge

neutron positive

electron negative



UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 10 continuedLesson 2: Atomic Structure

3 Which diagram best represents the relationship between masses of subatomic particles?

Aproton electron

Cproton

neutron

Bproton

electron

Delectronneutron

Use the model below and the Periodic Table to answer questions 4–8.




Use the diagram to answer questions 4–8.

Q

S

T

R

4 Which letter represents the protons?

F Q

G R

H S

J T

5 Which letter represents the neutrons?

A Q

B R

C S

D T

6 Which letter represents the electrons?

F Q

G R

H S

J T




7 Which letter represents the nucleus?

A Q

B R

C S

D T

8 What is the name of the element represented in the model?

F Beryllium

G Boron

H Oxygen

J Fluorine



Lesson 2: Atomic Structure UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 10 continued

9 Which statement best describes the location of subatomic particles?

A The protons and electrons are in the nucleus, while the neutrons are in the cloud outside the nucleus.

B The neutrons are in the nucleus, while the protons and electrons are in the cloud outside the nucleus.

C The electrons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while the protons are in the cloud outside the nucleus.

D The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while the electrons are in the cloud outside the nucleus.

10 An atom of an element contains 20 protons. What is the identity of the element?

F Argon

G Calcium

H Neon

J Potassium



Particle

Location Charge Mass

Inside the

Nucleus

Outside the

Nucleus

Electron Cloud

Positive NegativeNo

Charge1 amu

Less than 1 amu

proton

electron

neutron

Particle


Inside the

Nucleus

Outside the

Nucleus

Electron Cloud

Positive NegativeNo

Charge1 amu

Less than 1 amu

proton

electron

neutron

Particle


Inside the

Nucleus

Outside the

Nucleus

Electron Cloud

Positive NegativeNo

Charge1 amu

Less than 1 amu

proton

electron

neutron

Particle


Inside the

Nucleus

Outside the

Nucleus

Electron Cloud

Positive NegativeNo

Charge1 amu

Less than 1 amu

proton

electron

neutron

Subatomic Particles Table

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 11Lesson 3: Determining Subatomic Particles



Lesson 3: Determining Subatomic ParticlesUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 12

Determining Subatomic Particles

9

F18.998

Fluorine

element symbol

atomic number

atomic massround to determine the

mass numberelement name

Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons

A = P = E

Mass Number – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons

M – A = N

Here is another way to determine protons, neutrons, and electrons using the mnemonic APEMAN:

Fluorine (F)

Atomic number 9

Protons 9

Electrons 9

Mass number 19

–Atomic number 9

Neutrons 10



Lesson 3: Determining Subatomic Particles

Name of

Element

Chemical Symbol

Atomic Number

Mass Number

Number of

Protons

Number of

Neutrons

Number of

Electrons

1 helium

2 boron

3 neon

4 sulfur

5 tin

6 carbon

7 potassium

8 magnesium

9 calcium

10 mercury

11 gold


A = P = E M – A = N




Page 1 of 2

Assessment—Determining Subatomic Particles



Key

proton = positive charge

neutron = no charge

electron = negative charge

1 What is the atomic number of the atom in this model?

2 What is the mass number of the atom in this model?

3 What is the name of the element represented in this model?

4 What is the chemical symbol of the element represented in this model?












Page 2 of 2


13 An atom of an element contains 14 protons. What is the identity of this element?

A Boron

B Chlorine

C Nitrogen

D Silicon

14 Which of the following elements contains the greatest amount of protons?

F Chlorine

G Hydrogen

H Oxygen

J Sulfur

15 Which of the following elements contains the least amount of electrons?

A Aluminum

B Calcium

C Fluorine

D Neon



UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 15Lesson 4: The Bohr Model and Valence Electrons

Matching Cards with Descriptions

nucleussubatomic particle

with a negative charge; located in the electron cloud

electron cloudsubatomic particle

with no charge; located in the nucleus

neutronthe number of protons found in an atom

of a specific element

electron contains most of the atom’s mass

protonthe number of protons and

neutrons located in the nucleus

atomic numbertakes up most of the atom’s space;

located outside the nucleus

mass number

subatomic particle with a positive charge;located in the nucleus



Atomic Model Cards


P: 1N: 0

P: 5N: 6

P: 9N: 10

P: 12 N: 12

P: 2N: 2

P: 6N: 6

P: 10N: 10

P: 13N: 14

P: 3N: 4

P: 7N: 7

P: 11 N: 12

P: 14 N: 14

P: 4N: 5

P: 8N: 8

P: 15N: 16

P: 16N: 16

P: 17N: 18

P: 18 N: 22



Periodic Table Template


2 He

4.00

26H

eliu

m

7 N14

.007

Nit

rog

en

8 O15

.999

Oxy

gen

9 F18

.998

Flo

uri

ne

10 Ne

20.1

79N

eon

15 P30

.974

Ph

osp

ho

rus

16 S32

.066

Su

lfu

r

17 Cl

35.4

53C

hlo

rin

e

18 Ar

39.9

48A

rgo

n



Lesson 4: The Bohr Model and Valence ElectronsUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 17 continued

1 H1.

008

Hyd

rog

en

3 Li

6.94

1L

ith

ium

4 Be

9.01

2B

eryl

lium

5 B10

.81

Bo

ron

6 C12

.011

Car

bo

n

11 Na

22.9

90S

od

ium

12 Mg

24.3

05M

agn

esiu

m

13 Al

26.9

82A

lum

inu

m

14 Si

28.0

86S

ilico

n




Periodic Table Answer Key

P: 1N: 0

P: 5N: 6

P: 9N: 10

P: 12 N: 12

P: 2N: 2

P: 6N: 6

P: 10N: 10

P: 13N: 14

P: 3N: 4

P: 7N: 7

P: 11 N: 12

P: 14 N: 14

P: 4N: 5

P: 8N: 8

P: 15N: 16

P: 16N: 16

P: 17N: 18

P: 18 N: 22

Hydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Beryllium

Chlorine

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Argon

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Phosphorus

Magnesium

Aluminum

Silicon

Sulfur



1 What do you notice about the number of electrons that fill up the first ring?

2Looking at the models, what could you say about the amount of electrons found in the second ring?

3Looking at the models, how many electrons can the first energy level hold before it is considered “full” or “filled”?

4Looking at the models, how many electrons can the second energy level hold before it is considered “full” or “filled”?

5 How many energy levels are located in atoms of the fourth period elements?

6How many electrons are found in the outermost energy level in the fourth group?

7 What is a valence electron?

8Looking at the models, how many valence electrons are located in the outermost energy level for elements in Group 1 (1A)?



11 How many valence electrons are located in the last group (8A)?

Questions for Students

Lesson 4: The Bohr Model and Valence ElectronsUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 18



For each row, count and record the number of rings in the corresponding circle. Identify the number of electrons located in the outermost energy level for each column and record in the corresponding triangle.

1

H

2

Li Be

Na Mg

18 (8A)

13 (3A) 14 (4A) 15 (5A) 16 (6A) 17 (7A)

He

B C N O F Ne

Al Si P S Cl Ar

Periodic Table Patterns

For each row, count and record the number of rings in the corresponding circle. Identify the number of electrons located in the outermost energy level for each column and record in the corresponding triangle.

1

H

2

Li Be

Na Mg

18 (8A)

13 (3A) 14 (4A) 15 (5A) 16 (6A) 17 (7A)

He

B C N O F Ne

Al Si P S Cl Ar

Periodic Table Patterns





Atoms and Their Energy Levels

Hydrogen

Lithium

Helium

Nitrogen



Determining Electrons in Energy Levels

Determining Electrons in Energy Levels

Element SymbolAtomic Number

Mass Number

Number of

Protons

Number of

Neutrons

Number of Electrons

Number of Electrons Number of Valence

Electrons1st Level

2nd Level

3rd Level

Hydrogen

Helium

Oxygen

Sodium

Element SymbolAtomic Number

Mass Number

Number of

Protons

Number of

Neutrons

Number of Electrons

Number of Electrons Number of Valence

Electrons1st Level

2nd Level

3rd Level

Hydrogen

Helium

Oxygen

Sodium




Box 1 Element Name Box 2 Element Name

Box 3 Element Name Box 4 Element Name

Models of Atoms


Key

Subatomic Particle Color

Electrical Charge



Use

the

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

to c

ompl

ete

the

tabl

e be

low

.

Ele

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ymb

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um

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Val

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Lev

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3rd

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Lev

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1

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Lith

ium

Be

5

12

25

8

F

Neo

n

23

12

28

3

Sili

con

15


An

alyz

ing

Ato

mic

Str

uct

ure



Assessment—The Bohr Model and Valence Electrons


1 How many protons are in an atom of magnesium?

A 3

B 12

C 24

D 40

2 How many electrons can the first energy level hold?

F 2

G 4

H 6

J 8

3 How many energy levels are found in Period 2?

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4





4 Which element has the same number of electrons in the outermost energy level as lithium?

F Hydrogen

G Beryllium

H Carbon

J Magnesium

5 Which element has the same number of energy levels as nitrogen?

A Boron

B Chlorine

C Phosphorus

D Silicon

6 What is the correct model for carbon?

F H

G J




7 Which of the following is a correct model for nitrogen?

A C

B D




8 Which element does the above atom model represent?

F Hydrogen

G Helium

H Lithium

J Boron




9 Which of the following is the correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of phosphorus?

A proton 15

neutrons 15

electrons 15

C proton 15

neutrons 16

electrons 16

B proton 15

neutrons 16

electrons 15

D proton 16

neutrons 15

electrons 15

10 What atom is represented by 35 protons, 45 neutrons, and 35 electrons?

F Mercury

G Bromine

H Rhodium

J Ytterbium



Pattern Cards

Lesson 5: The Periodic TableUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 25



Lab Station Cards


Station 1

1. Test the electrical conductivity of each element in the bag.

2. Classify each element as a good or poor conductor of electricity.

3. Locate each element on the Periodic Table. Where are the good electrical conductors located?

Station 2

1. Test to find out if the elements in the bag are attracted to a magnet.

2. Classify each element as attracted or not attracted to a magnet.

3. Locate each element on the Periodic Table. Where are the elements that are attracted to the magnet located?



UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 26 continuedLesson 5: The Periodic Table

Station 4

1. Malleability is a physical property that describes matter that can be hammered into thin sheets without breaking.

2. Matter that breaks easily when hammered or struck has the physical property of brittleness. Malleable and brittle are the opposite of each other.

3. Place the carbon charcoal briquette and the aluminum soda can tab on the protective square surface. Cover with the cloth. Hit each object only once.

4. Which object had the property of malleability? Which object had the property of brittleness?

5. Locate each element on the Periodic Table. Where are the malleable elements located? Where are the brittle elements located?

Station 3

1. Luster is a physical property that describes the reflection of light off a surface.

2. Matter that reflects light is said to have a shiny luster. Matter that looks like a metal is said to have a metallic luster. Matter that does not reflect light is said to have a dull luster.

3. Locate each element on the Periodic Table. Where are the elements with the shiny luster located? Where are the elements with a metallic luster located? Where are the elements with the dull luster located?

malleable brittle



Anticipation Guide—The Periodic Table


Before Learning

StatementsAfter

Learning

A D 1. Metals are located on the right side of the Periodic Table. A D

A D 2. Elements of the same periods have similar properties. A D

A D 3. Elements of the same group have the same number of electrons. A D

A D 4. Valence electrons are located on the outermost energy level. A D

A D 5. Reactivity of an element depends on its number of valence electrons. A D

Anticipation Guide—The Periodic Table

Before Learning

StatementsAfter

Learning

A D 1. Metals are located on the right side of the Periodic Table. A D

A D 2. Elements of the same periods have similar properties. A D

A D 3. Elements of the same group have the same number of electrons. A D

A D 4. Valence electrons are located on the outermost energy level. A D

A D 5. Reactivity of an element depends on its number of valence electrons. A D



Lesson 5: The Periodic TableP

erio

dic

Tabl

e In

form

atio

n Element Phosphorus

Symbol Mg C Ni

Period 5 3

Group 15 (5A) 17 (7A)

Valence Electrons

8

Element Clue

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

Info

rmat

ion Element Phosphorus

Symbol Mg C Ni

Period 5 3

Group 15 (5A) 17 (7A)

Valence Electrons

8

Element Clue

Per

iodi

c Ta

ble

Info

rmat

ion Element Phosphorus

Symbol Mg C Ni

Period 5 3

Group 15 (5A) 17 (7A)

Valence Electrons

8

Element Clue




Lesson 5: The Periodic Table


1 The number of valence electrons is —

A the number of protons located in the nucleus

B the number of electrons in every energy level

C the total number of protons and neutrons

D the number of electrons in the outermost energy level

2 The part of the atom that has a negative charge is the —

F nucleus

G electron

H neutron

J proton

3 Which of the following has the largest mass in an atom?

A Protons

B Electrons

C Energy levels

D Electron cloud

4 Which of the following properties is determined by the valence electrons?

F color

G malleability

H reactivity

J density

Assessment—The Periodic Table




Lesson 5: The Periodic TableUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 29 continued

5 Use the Periodic Table to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in an atom of

potassium.

A 19 protons, 19 neutrons, 19 electrons

B 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 19 electrons

C 39 protons, 19 neutrons, 19 electrons

D 39 protons, 39 neutrons, 39 electrons

6 Which element does this atom represent?

F Hydrogen

G Helium

H Lithium

J Beryllium

7 Which of the following elements have similar chemical properties?

A Nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine

B Silicon, arsenic, astatine

C Fluorine, chlorine, bromine

D Titanium, calcium, mercury



Lesson 5: The Periodic TableUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 29 continued

8 Which element is found in Group 5, Period 4?

F Lithium

G Vanadium

H Zirconium

J Potassium

9 Which of the following elements is malleable?

A Iron

B Hydrogen

C Carbon

D Sulfur

10 Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

F Sulfur

G Iron

H Silicon

J Copper



Lesson 6: Periodic Table Families

Sisilicon

Hehelium

• gray

• solid

• melting point = 1410 °C

• conducts electricity under some conditions

• used in glass, semiconductors

• four valence electrons

• colorless

• gas

• melting point = –272 °C

• poor conductor of heat and electricity

• used in balloons, deep-sea diving

• reacts with few, if any, elements

• two valence electrons

Lilithium

Beberyllium

• silvery, somewhat lustrous

• soft solid, malleable

• melting point = 180.54 °C

• good conductor of heat and electricity

• reacts strongly with water

• used in batteries, ceramics, lubricants

• one valence electron

• gray, dull

• solid, malleable



• used in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, golf clubs


Clchlorine

Ccarbon

• green

• gas

• melting point = –100.98 °C


• reacts easily with many elements

• used in water purification, bleaches

• seven valence electrons

• dull black solid


• different structural forms vary in conductivity of heat and electricity

• used in steel, filters, can form diamonds, essential to living things

• four valence electrons

Element Cards




UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 30 continuedLesson 6: Periodic Table Families

Nnitrogen

Ooxygen

• colorless

• gas



• forms most of atmosphere

• five valence electrons

• colorless

• gas



• supports life, supports burning

• reacts with many elements

• six valence electrons

Ffluorine

Neneon

• greenish

• gas



• reacts very easily with many elements

• used in refrigerants


• colorless

• gas



• used in lighting

• reacts with few, if any, elements

• eight valence electrons

Nasodium

Mgmagnesium

• silvery

• soft solid (can be cut with a knife)



• highly reactive; actively reactive with water

• used in medicine, agriculture


• grayish

• solid



• malleable


• used in airplanes, missiles





Kpotassium

Ninickel

• silvery

• solid

• soft solid (can be cut with a knife)



• highly reactive; actively reactive with water

• used in glass, soap


• silvery tinge, lustrous

• solid


• conducts heat and electricity

• naturally magnetic

• malleable

• used in coinage, stainless steel, electroplating, batteries

Pphosphorus

Ssulfur

• white (can be yellow)

• solid, dull luster



• brittle

• used in fertilizers, detergents


• yellow, dull

• solid



• brittle

• found in many minerals

• used in matches, gunpowder, medicines


Bboron

Cocobalt

• brownish black

• solid


• conducts electricity under certain conditions

• used in heat-resistant alloys

• three valence electrons

• grayish tinge, lustrous

• solid


• brittle

• naturally magnetic


• used in magnets, ceramics, special types of glass




Cacalcium

Asarsenic

• silvery solid, malleable



• reacts with many other elements

• used by life forms for bones and shells


• gray

• solid


• conducts electricity under certain conditions

• used in poison, semiconductors


Feiron

Cucopper

• silvery solid, malleable



• naturally produces magnetic field

• used in steel, found in hemoglobin (carries oxygen in the blood)

• red/orange solid



• malleable

• electrical conductor

• used in jewelry, coins, plumbing




Krkrypton

Agsilver

• colorless

• gas


• mostly inert; reacts with few, if any, substances

• used in lighting



• silver

• solid


• malleable, ductile

• good conductor of electricity and heat

• used in silverware, jewelry, batteries, mirrors

Brbromine

Hgmercury

• red-brown

• liquid

• melting point = –7 °C



• extremely toxic and can cause severe burns

• used in pesticides


• silver

• liquid


• poisonous

• used in barometers, thermometers, and streetlights

Arargon

Alaluminum

• colorless

• gas


• extremely unreactive

• used in light bulbs, medical lasers, and double-paned windows

• reacts with very few, if any, elements



• solid

• silvery-white



• excellent conductor of electricity and heat

• used in cans, cooking pots, window frames, boats, aircraft

• three valence electrons




Rbrubidium

Srstrontium

• silvery-white

• solid



• reactive with other elements

• reacts violently with water

• used in photocells


• solid

• silvery



• chemically reactive

• used in cathode ray tubes for TVs, atomic clocks

• two valance electrons

Augold

Sntin

• gold

• solid


• excellent conductor of heat and electricity


• used in jewelry, coins, dental work

• silvery-white

• solid



• found in some toothpastes

Seselenium

Iiodine

• gray, red, or black

• solid


• used in photo cells, light sensors, and photocopying machines

• conductivity varies


• bluish-black

• solid



• used in medicines, disinfectants





Find Someone Who . . .


Find someone who knows the answer to each statement. You may only let one student answer one question. Don’t forget to use the Periodic Table.

1. Find someone who knows the element found in Group 2, Period 2.

2. Find someone who can give an example of a chemical property.

3. Find someone who knows the element found in Period 4 with 6 valence electrons.

4. Find someone who can name a metal in Group 14.

5. Find someone who can name a nonmetal in Group 16.

6. Find someone who can name the noble gas in Period 5.

7. Find someone who can name an element found in Group 1.

8. Find someone who can name the number of valence electrons for carbon.

9. Find someone who can name a metal with 5 valence electrons.

10. Find someone who can name a characteristic of groups.

11. Find someone who can list three things that can be determined using the Periodic Table.

12. Find someone who can define the word malleable.

13. Find someone who knows how many valence electrons are needed for a stable atom arrangement.



Understanding Valence Electrons

Lesson 6: Periodic Table FamiliesUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 32

The models in the table below show various atoms in which the center black circle represents the nucleus and the rings represent energy levels. Electrons are shown only on the outermost energy level of each model. Use the Periodic Table of Elements to provide the missing information.

Model ElementNumber of

Valence Electrons

Period Number Group Number

Metal, Metalloid,

Nonmetal, or Noble Gas



Lesson 6: Periodic Table FamiliesUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 32 continued

Model ElementNumber of

Valence Electrons

Period Number Group Number

Metal, Metalloid,

Nonmetal, or Noble Gas

Interpreting Data and Drawing Conclusions

1. Which of the eight elements in the table is least likely to gain or lose electrons? Why?

2. Which of the eight elements is most likely to lose only one electron? Why?

3. Which of the eight elements is most likely to gain only one electron? Why?

4. Explain why all eight of the elements in the table are located on the same horizontal row of the Periodic Table.




Per

iod

ic T

able

of

the

Ele

men

ts C

on

cep

t M

apUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 33

Pat

tern

sB

lock

sA

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ent

Per

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ic T

able

of

the

Ele

men

ts

prop

ertie

spr

oper

ties

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e nu

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r of

sam

e nu

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num

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of

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ons

+nu

mbe

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alon

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that

lose

to fo

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onle

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gai

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rm

onrig

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ide

has

top

num

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calle

dha

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num

ber

calle

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rizon

tal

row

s ar

e

with

with

vert

ical

colu

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are

WO

RD

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atom

ic n

umbe

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ssim

ilar

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tron

sen

ergy

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oups

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rm

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ilar

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and




1 Which of the following elements is the most reactive nonmetal?

A Sodium

B Helium

C Chlorine

D Tin

2 Which of the following elements is least likely to react with another substance?

F Sodium

G Helium

H Chlorine

J Tin

3 Which subatomic particle defines the identity of an element?

A Nucleus

B Electron

C Neutron

D Proton

4 Which element is found in Group 1, Period 2?

F Lithium

G Vanadium

H Zirconium

J Potassium


Assessment—Periodic Table Families





5 Which of the following elements is found in Group 2?

A Boron

B Helium

C Calcium

D Lithium

6 Which statement best describes the elements in Group 2?

F All elements have 2 energy levels.

G All elements have 2 valence electrons and are gases.

H All elements have 2 valence electrons and are metals.

J All elements have 2 valence electrons and are nonmetals.

7 Which of the following statements best describes reactivity of elements?

A Elements that contain 1 or 7 valence electrons are very reactive.

B Groups 3 through 12 are considered nonreactive, or inert.

C All elements on the Periodic Table have the same reactivity.

D The reactivity of elements is considered a physical property.



Structure of Matter Concept Map

Lesson 7: Compounds and Chemical FormulasUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 35

which have a positive charge

which have a negative charge

which have no charge

make up

of the sametype are

sugar water

salt water NaOH

CH4

NaCl I2

NaCI

O2

which physically mix to form which chemically combine to form

WORD BANKatomscompoundselectronselementsmixturesmolecules neutronsprotons



Paper Models

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 36Lesson 7: Compounds and Chemical Formulas

O

6 valenceelectrons

O

6 valenceelectrons

O

6 valenceelectrons

O

6 valenceelectrons

O

6 valenceelectrons

O

6 valenceelectrons

Ca

2 valenceelectrons

Ca

2 valenceelectrons

Na

1 valenceelectron

CI

7 valenceelectrons

CI

7 valenceelectrons

CI

7 valenceelectrons

AI

3 valenceelectrons

AI

3 valenceelectrons

C

4 valenceelectrons



1. magnesium sulfate = 1 atom of magnesium + 1 atom of sulfur + 4 atoms of oxygen

2. potassium chloride = 1 atom of potassium + 1 atom of chlorine

3. glucose = 6 atoms of carbon + 12 atoms of hydrogen + 6 atoms of oxygen

4. baking soda =1 atom of sodium + 1 atom of hydrogen + 1 atom of carbon + 3 atoms of oxygen

Practice—Writing Chemical Formulas




1. carbon dioxide = 1 atom of carbon + 2 atoms of oxygen

2. calcium carbonate = 1 atom of calcium + 1 atom of carbon + 3 atoms of oxygen

3. sulfuric acid = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of sulfur + 4 atoms of oxygen

4. hydrogen peroxide = 2 atoms of hydrogen + 2 atoms of oxygen

5. hydrochloric acid = 1 atom of hydrogen + 1 atom of chlorine

Writing Chemical Formulas





1 Which of these does not belong in the group?

A Lead

B Water

C Hydrogen

D Element

2 All of these are examples of compounds except —

F H2

G NaCl

H H2O

J PbS

3 Molecules that are made of only one kind of atom are —

A mixtures

B compounds

C ions

D elements

Assessment—Compounds and Chemical Formulas




Lesson 7: Compounds and Chemical Formulas

Page 2 of 2


4 Which of these elements is least likely to form a compound?

F Sodium

G Helium

H Hydrogen

J Aluminum

5 What is the correct chemical formula for a compound that contains 2 atoms of sodium, 1 atom of sulfur, and 4 atoms of oxygen?

A NA2SO4

B Na2S1O4

C Na2SO4

D na2S1O4

6 Which of the following tables correctly identifies the substance listed?

F Pb Element

O2Molecule

CaSO4Element

H2O Molecule

H Pb Element

O2Molecule

CaSO4Compound

H2O Molecule

G Pb Molecule

O2Element

CaSO4Compound

H2O Molecule

J Pb Compound

O2Element

CaSO4Molecule

H2O Compound



Matching Cards

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 40Lesson 8: Analyzing Chemical Formulas



NaCl CH4

Fe2O3 H2SO4

HCl Mg(OH)2

Practice—Determining Atoms


Pb

O

O

O

N

N

N

C

O

O

OCa



1. bromine—Br2

2. calcium chloride—CaCl2

3. potassium iodide—KI

4. benzene—C6H6

5. beryllium hydroxide—Be(OH)2

6. copper carbonate—CuCO3

7. magnesium nitrate—Mg(NO3)2

8. magnesium hydroxide—Mg(OH)2

9. silver oxide—Ag2O

10. ammonium hydroxide—NH4OH

11. sodium carbonate—Na2CO3

12. calcium nitrite —Ca(NO2)2

Additional Practice




Using Coefficients


6H2O

3CaCl2

Coefficient —There are 6 molecules of water.

Lesson 8: Analyzing Chemical Formulas

Subscript—There are 2 atoms of hydrogen.

No subscript—There is only 1 atom of oxygen.



Chemical Formulas


1. HO

2. HO

3. CHCl

4. 3CO2

5. 2CaSO3

6. 2 Ca(OH)2


H HO O

H H

O

H H

O

H H

O

C Cl

H

H

H C Cl

H

H

H



Mo

del

Nam

eE

lem

ent,

Mo

lecu

le,

Co

mp

ou

nd

Fo

rmu

laTo

tal N

um

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f E

lem

ents

Nu

mb

er

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Ato

ms

of

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h

Ele

men

t

HH

Ow

ater

H2O

HO

Na

sodi

um

hydr

oxid

e

Na

1 va

lenc

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ectr

on

CI

7 va

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ectr

ons

sodi

um

chlo

ride

(sal

t)N

aCI

Ca

2 va

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ectr

ons

CI

7 va

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ons

CI

7 va

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calc

ium

ch

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e

Mg

2 va

lenc

eel

ectr

ons

O

6 va

lenc

eel

ectr

ons

mag

nesi

um

oxid

e


Composition of Compounds





1 Which element is found in all of these compounds?

C2H6 NaHCO3 C6H12O6 CO2

A Oxygen

B Sodium

C Hydrogen

D Carbon

2 How many atoms of carbon are found in glucose, C6H12O6?

F 3

G 6

H 12

J 24

3 A molecule that contains two or more elements is called —

A an atom

B a mixture

C an ion

D a compound

Assessment—Analyzing Chemical Formulas





4 How many elements are found in CuSO4?

F 3

G 4

H 5

J 6

5 Which of the models best represents CaCO3?

A

C

O

O

OCa

C

C O

Ca

B

C O

O

Ca

D

C

C

C

O

Ca





Models of Matter

1. In your science notebook, draw the model shown above and create a table similar to the one below. Use

your knowledge about atoms to complete the table.

Symbol Name of Subatomic Particle Electrical Charge (+ or –) Inside or Outside the Nucleus

2. Does the model represent an atom, a molecule, or both?

3. Does the model represent an element or a compound?

4. What are the names of the elements shown in the model?

5. What is the chemical formula for the substance?

6. What substance does the model represent?

Lesson 9: Chemical Changes in Compounds



Station 1

1. Put on your safety goggles.

2. Place 20 drops of ammonia in a test tube. Add 20 drops of purple grape juice.

3. Observe any changes that occur.

4. Discuss and record your observations.

5. Record a statement that summarizes the results of this station.

6. Dispose of materials according to your teacher’s directions.

7. Leave your station clean, dry, and organized.

Station 2


2. Observe and record the physical properties of the citric acid and baking soda.

3. Place a small scoop of citric acid and baking soda in the small resealable plastic bag.

4. Add 10 mL of water. Seal the plastic bag.


6. Discuss and record your observations. How have the properties changed?


8. Dispose of your materials according to your teacher’s instructions.


Lab Station Cards

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 48Lesson 9: Chemical Changes in Compounds




Station 3


2. Observe and record the physical properties of calcium chloride.

3. Place 1 spoonful of calcium chloride in a small paper cup.

4. Add 25 mL of water. Stir well with a craft stick.




8. Dispose of your materials according to your teacher’s instructions.


Station 4


2. Observe and record the physical properties of the milk and vinegar.

3. Place 10 mL of milk into the small resealable plastic bag.

4. Add 10 mL of vinegar to the bag. Seal the bag.

5. Observe any changes that occur. How have the properties changed?



8. Dispose of the plastic bag and its contents in the trash.





Frayer Model

Frayer Model


Definition

Example

Characteristics

Nonexample

Definition

Example

Characteristics

Nonexample



A chemical reaction is another name for a chemical change.

• Evidence of a chemical reaction

• formation of gas, causing bubbling, fizzing, or foaming

• changes in temperature,

• production of light, smoke, sound, or new odor

• changes in color

• production of a precipitate

Chemical equations represent chemical reactions.

• Reactants are the starting materials.

• Products are the ending materials.

2H2 + O2 2H2O

Reactants Yields Products

1 3NaHCO3 + C6H8O7 C6H5Na3O7 + 3CO2 + 3H2O sodium + citric yields sodium + carbon + water

bicarbonate acid citrate dioxide

2 CaCl2 + H2O CaO + 2HCl calcium + water yields calcium oxide hydrochloric acid chloride


Discussion Points




1. Emerson is excited because she is going to combine several substances in her science class today. Emerson’s teacher directs the class to combine calcium (Ca) with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Emerson notices that a temperature change occurs and a gas is produced after she combines the two substances. Her teacher tells the class that calcium chloride (CaCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2) are produced in this chemical reaction.

2. Jose leaves his skateboard outside for several days. When he goes to ride it, he notices there is a brownish-red colored material that rubs off on his fingers. His mother tells him that the brownish-red material is rust, or iron oxide (Fe2O3). Iron oxide forms when iron (Fe) is exposed to oxygen (O2).

3. Max wants to model a volcanic eruption for his school project. He combines baking soda (NaHCO3) and vinegar (HC2H3O2) to create the eruption. Not only does Max get an A on his project, but he also forms sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the simulated eruption.

Chemical Storytelling




Parts of a Chemical Equation

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 52Lesson 10: Chemical Equations

Chemical Symbol

Yields

Coefficient

Subscript Coefficient

Chemical Formula

2H2 + O2 2H2O

Fe + 2HCI FeCI2 + H2



Circle the reactants, draw a box around the products, draw an asterisk (*) above the coefficients, and underline the subscripts.

1 CaCl2 + F2 CaF2 + Cl2

calcium chloride fluorine yields calcium fluoride chlorine

2 4Al + 3O2 2AI2O3

aluminum oxygen yields aluminum oxide

3 CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

methane oxygen yields carbon dioxide water


Name That Part!

Lesson 10: Chemical Equations



Practice—Models of Chemical Equations

Reactants Products

Word Equation

2 atoms of copper

reacts with1 molecule of oxygen

to yield 1 molecule of copper oxide

Chemical Equation

2Cu + O22CuO

Visual Model +

Number of Atoms

Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 molecule of calcium chloride

reacts with1 molecule of fluorine

to yield1 molecule of calcium

fluorideand

1 molecule of chlorine

Chemical Equation CaCl2 + F2 CaF2

+ Cl2

Visual Model + +

Number of Atoms

Lesson 10: Chemical EquationsUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 54

Page 1 of 2



UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 54 continuedLesson 10: Chemical Equations

Practice—Models of Chemical Equations Answer Key

Reactants Products

Word Equation

2 atoms of copper

reacts with1 molecule of oxygen

to yield 1 molecule of copper oxide

Chemical Equation

2Cu + O22CuO

Visual Model +

Number of Atoms

2 copper 2 oxygen 2 copper 2 oxygen

Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 molecule of calcium chloride

reacts with1 molecule of fluorine

to yield1 molecule of calcium

fluorideand

1 molecule of chlorine

Chemical Equation CaCl2 + F2 CaF2

+ Cl2

Visual Model + +

Number of Atoms

1 calcium 2 flourine 2 chlorine

1 calcium 2 chlorine 2 flourine

Cu

CuO O

Cu

Cu

O

O

F

F

F

F

Cl

Cl

Cl ClCa Ca




Models of Chemical Reactions and Equations


Complete each of the tables by drawing a visual model and identifying the number of atoms for each reaction.

Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 molecule of sodium hydroxide

reacts with1 molecule hydrochloric

acidto yield

1 molecule of sodium chloride

and1 molecule

of water

Chemical Equation

NaOH + HCI NaCI + H2O

Visual Model + +

Number of Atoms

Reactants Products

Word Equation

2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide

to yield2 molecules

of waterand

1 molecule of oxygen

gas

Chemical Equation 2H2O2

2H2O + O2

Visual Model

Number of Atoms




Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 atom of iron

reacts with2 molecules hydrochloric

acidto yield

1 molecule of iron

chlorideand

1 molecule of hydrogen

gas

Chemical Equation

Fe + 2HCI FeCl2 + H2

Visual Model

Number of Atoms



Lesson 10: Chemical EquationsUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 55 continued

Models of Chemical Reactions and Equations—Answer Key

Complete each of the tables by drawing a visual model and identifying the number of atoms for each reaction.

Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 molecule of sodium hydroxide

reacts with1 molecule hydrochloric

acidto yield

1 molecule of sodium chloride

and1 molecule

of water

Chemical Equation

NaOH + HCI NaCI + H2O

Visual Model + +

Number of Atoms

1 oxygen1 hydrogen

1 chlorine1 hydrogen

1 sodium1 chlorine

1 oxygen2 hydrogen

Reactants Products

Word Equation

2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide

to yield2 molecules

of waterand

1 molecule of oxygen

gas

Chemical Equation 2H2O2

2H2O + O2

Visual Model +

Number of Atoms

4 hydrogen4 oxygen

4 hydrogen4 oxygen

Na NaO O

O

O O

O

O

O

O

O

H H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Cl Cl



Lesson 10: Chemical EquationsUNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 55 continued

Reactants Products

Word Equation

1 atom of iron

reacts with2 molecules hydrochloric

acidto yield

1 molecule of iron

chlorideand

1 molecule of hydrogen

gas

Chemical Equation

Fe + 2HCI FeCl2 + H2

Visual Model + +

Number of Atoms

1 iron2 hydrogen

2 chlorine1 iron2 chlorine

2 hydrogen

FeFe

Cl

Cl

Cl

Cl

H

H

H H




1 All of these are examples of elements except —

A Cu

B KI

C He

D H

2 A chemical formula shows all of the following except —

F the number of atoms of each element

G the chemical symbols of elements

H the elements found in a compound

J the number of protons in a nucleus

3 All of these are examples of the chemical formula of a compound except —

A H2

B MgO

C SiO2

D H2O

4 What is the appropriate subscript for oxygen in the models shown?

F 1

G 2

H 3

J 6

Assessment—Chemical Equations

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 56Lesson 10: Chemical Equations

CO

O

O

Na

NaCO

O

O

Na

Na




5 How many total atoms are in the compound CuSO4?

A 3

B 4

C 5

D 6

6 How many elements are in 2H2SO4?

F 2

G 3

H 7

J 14

7 How many molecules are found in this formula 2LI3PO4?

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 16

8 How many atoms of carbon are found in glucose, C6H12O6?

F 3

G 6

H 12

J 24





Use the following formula to answer questions 9 and 10.

2Na + CI2 2NaCI sodium chloride

9 In the above reaction, what are the reactants?

A Sodium, carbon, and iodine

B Sodium and chlorine

C Sodium chloride

D Sodium, chlorine, and sodium chloride

10 In the above reaction, what is the product?

F Na, C, and I

G Na, Cl

H NaCl

J Na, Cl, and NaCl

11 In the chemical equation, the elements are rearranged to form new products. Which of the following compounds should be placed in the box?

C + O2 ??

A CO2

B H2O

C Co

D CaCl2





12 Which two compounds contain the same total number of atoms?

F C3H8 and C2H6

G NO2 and KCl

H 2Li2S and BeCl2

J 2CO and CO2

13 Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

A Water evaporating

B Tearing paper into smaller pieces

C Combining baking soda and vinegar

D Mixing water and sugar

14 All of the following are indicators of a chemical change except —

F formation of a gas

G change in temperature

H change in the state of matter

J formation of a precipitate

15 Chemical equations tell a story of a chemical change where the elements are rearranged, forming new substances. All of the following chemical equations indicate a chemical reaction except —

A Fe + Cl2 FeCl2

B 3Mg + N2 Mg3N2

C 2Ag + H2S H2O + Pb

D 4 Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3



Group Lab Activity Cards


Group Lab Activity 1

Procedures


2. Use your science notebook to record observations and answer questions.

3. Measure 1 level spoonful of baking soda and place in the resealable plastic bag. Record the physical properties of the baking soda.

4. Use the graduated cylinder to measure 10 mL of vinegar. Pour the vinegar into the small cup. Record the physical properties of the vinegar.

5. Measure 5 mL of purple cabbage juice. Record the physical properties of the purple cabbage juice.

6. Add the purple cabbage juice to the vinegar in the small cup. Record your observations.

7. Carefully place the cup of liquids into the plastic bag without spilling.

8. Close the plastic bag, removing any excess air.

9. Find and record the total mass of the system using a balance. Do not move the riders back to zero.

10. Gently tilt the cup to combine the vinegar with the baking soda. Record your observations.

11. Place the system back on the balance and compare the position of the balance pointer to see if a change in mass occurs.

12. After the reaction stops, find and record the final mass of the system. Record your observations.

13. Answer the following questions.

a. Does a chemical change occur? What evidence do you have?

b. How are the properties of the products different from those of the reactants?

c. What do you notice about the mass of the system before and after combining the two substances?

Lesson 11: Law of Conservation of Mass




Group Lab Activity 2

Remember to waft when smelling chemicals.

Procedures


2. Use your science notebook to record observations and answer questions.

3. Measure 150 mL of water and pour into a 250 mL beaker.

4. Add 1 teaspoon of alum to the water. Stir until completely dissolved. Observe and record the physical properties of the solution.

5. Measure 10 mL of ammonia in a graduated cylinder. Observe and record the physical properties of the ammonia.

6. Place the beaker with the alum solution and the graduated cylinder with the ammonia on a balance. Find the total mass of this system. Do not move the rider back to zero. Record the mass.

7. Slowly pour the ammonia into the alum solution. Do not stir. Record your observations.

8. Place the graduated cylinder and the beaker with its contents back on the balance and compare the position of the balance pointer to see if a change in mass occurs.

9. Find the total mass of the system again. Record the mass.

10. Answer the following questions.

a. Does a chemical change occur? What evidence do you have?

b. How are the properties of the products different from those of the reactants?

c. What do you notice about the mass of the system before and after combining the two substances?




Reactants

Teacher Demonstration Cards

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 58Lesson 11: Law of Conservation of Mass




Products




UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 58 continuedLesson 11: Law of Conservation of Mass



Discussion Points


The Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

The number of atoms of each element in the reactants and the number of atoms of each

element in the products must be equal.

reactantsyield

products

total number of atoms of each element

=equals

total number of atoms of each element

mass of reactants=

equalsmass of products



ERP


C + O2 CO2

C + O O OO C

reactants product

Elements Found in Equation

Reactant Atoms

(number of)

Product Atoms

(number of)



UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 60 continuedLesson 11: Law of Conservation of Mass

NaOHsodium hydroxide

+ HClhydrochloric acid

NaClsodium chloride

+ H2Owater

Na O H + ClH Na Cl + OHH

Elements Found in Equation

Reactant Atoms

(number of)

Product Atoms

(number of)



1. C + O2 CO2

2. 6C + 6H2O C6H12O6

3. Na + Cl2 NaCl

4. CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O

5. CO2 + H2O H2CO3

6. 2HCl + CaCO3 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

The Law of Conservation of Mass




1. 2KI + Cl2 2KCl + I2

2. 2N2 + O2 2N2O

3. H2O2 H2O + O2

4. 2C2H6 + O2 4CO2 + 3H2O

5. 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

6. Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2

7. SO3 + H2O H2SO4

8. 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2H2O

Additional Reactions


Documents

UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1 - PBworksfillpot.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/69172342/01_RMs_Unit 2.pdf · UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1 PERIODIC TABLE fordi OF i THE 6B ELEMENTS 12