Unit 2 HS260 Anatomy, Physiology & Chemistry

Unit 2HS260 Anatomy, Physiology & ChemistryAmy Habeck, RD, MS, LDN

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Objectives

•Answer your questions•Review chapter 5: Integumentary System•Chapter 6: Muscular System•Chapter 7: Skeletal System•Discuss Unit 2 Project

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What is the primary function of the integumentary system?

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Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (2008). Structure & function of the body. (13th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby, Inc.

What is the primary function of the integumentary system?•Protection of the underlying structures

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What layer of the skin serves the following functions?•Insulation from extremes of heat and cold•Fat in this layer serves as a stored source

of energy•Shock absorbing pad

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What layer of the skin serves the following functions?•Subcutaneous layer or hypodermis

▫Insulation from extremes of heat and cold▫Fat in this layer serves as a stored source

of energy▫Shock absorbing pad

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Connective Tissue

•Most widely distributed tissue in the body•Dermis is an example of connective tissue

•What is the make up of connective tissue?•What is the make up of epithelial tissue?

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Connective Tissue

•Most widely distributed tissue in the body•Dermis is an example of connective tissue•What is the make up of connective tissue?

▫Made up only of connective tissue•What is the make up of epithelial tissue?

▫Epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue

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What are the three types of epithelial tissue membranes in the body?•1. •2•3.

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What are the three types of epithelial tissue membranes in the body?•1. cutenaous membrane•2. serous membranes•3. mucous membranes

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Types of body membranes

•Figure 5-1, page 101

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What are the functions of the skin or cutaneous membrane?•1. •2. •3.

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What are the functions of the skin or cutaneous membrane?•1. Protection•2. Temperature regulation•3. Sense organ activity

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Pg 103 figure 5-2

•What do the sebaceous glands do?•Which type of sweat glands are found on

the majority of the body, with the exception of the armpits and pubic area?

• What type of skin receptors enable us to detect pain?

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Pg 103 figure 5-2

•What do the sebaceous glands do?▫secrete oil for the hair and skin

•Which type of sweat glands are found on the majority of the body, with the exception of the armpits and pubic area?▫Eccrine glands

•What type of skin receptors enable us to detect pain? ▫free nerve endings

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Rule of Nines

•How is the rule of nines used?

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Rule of Nines

•How is the rule of nines used?▫11 areas, each about 9% of body surface

area

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What are the functions of the skeletal system?•1.•2.•3.•4.•5.

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What are the functions of the skeletal system?•1. Support•2. Protection•3. Movement•4. Storage•5. Hematopoiesis

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What are the types of bone?

•1.•2.•3.•4.

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What are the types of bone?

•Short -carpals•Long -femur•Flat -frontal•Irregular –vertebrae•Sesamoid -patella

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What are the two major types of connective tissue?

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What are the two major types of connective tissue?

•Bone▫Outer layer is hard and dense, compact

bone Osteons make up the structural units of the

matrix▫Porous bone in end of long bones is spongy

•Cartilage

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Bone Growth-pg 125

•What is the process of bone growth called?

•What is required for bone to continue growing?

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Bone Growth-pg 125

•What is the process of bone growth called?▫Endochondral ossification

•What is needed for bone to continue growing?▫Cartilage in the epiphyseal plate is

required for bone to continue growing

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What are the differences between the male and female skeleton?

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What are the differences between the male and female skeleton?•1. size•2. shape of the pelvis•3. pelvic inlet and outlet are both larger

in female•4. angle at the front of the female pelvis

is wider in female

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What are the three types of muscle tissue?•1.•2.•3.

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What are the three types of muscle tissue?•1. skeletal•2. cardiac•3. smooth

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Table 7-1

•What are the muscles of the trunk and what do they do?

•What are the three muscles that flex the knee?

•Where is the trapezius muscle?•Into what muscle of the upper body are

intramuscular injections given?

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Table 7-1, page 168-169

•What are the muscles of the trunk and what do they do?▫External oblique: compresses abdomen▫Internal oblique: compresses abdomen▫Transversus abdominis: compresses

abdomen▫Rectus abdominis: flexes trunk

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Table 7-1, page 168-169•What are the three muscles that flex the

knee?▫Hamstring group:

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris

•Where is the trapezius muscle?▫Top of the shoulder

• Into what muscle of the upper body are intramuscular injections given?▫Deltoid

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What are the benefits of regular, properly practiced exercise?•1.•2.•3.•4.•5.

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What are the benefits of regular, properly practiced exercise?•1. greatly improved muscle tone•2. better posture•3. more efficient heart and lung function•4. less fatigue•5. looking and feeling better

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What effect does strength training have on muscles?•1.•2.

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What effect does strength training have on muscles?•1. increased myofilaments in each muscle

fiber•2. greatly increased muscle mass

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What effect does endurance training have on muscle?•1.•2.•3.•4.

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What effect does endurance training have on muscle?•1. increased ability to sustain moderate

exercise over a long period of time•2. increased number of blood vessels in

the muscle•3. increased blood flow and more

efficient delivery of oxygen and glucose to muscle during exercise

•4. increased mitochondria in muscle fiber cells

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What is this type of movement called?


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Abduction

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Adduction

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Flexion

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Extension

481.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.

16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.

Pg 128


491. nasal bone2. mandible3. sternum4. Xiphoid process5. Costal cartilage6. Coxal (hip) bone

iliumischiumpubis

7. Frontal bone8. Zygomatic bone9. maxilla10. clavicle11. ribs12. humerus13.Vetebral column14. Ulna15. radius

16. Sacrum17. coccyx18. carpals19. metacarpals20. phalanges21. femur22. patella23. tibia24. fibula25. tarsals26. metatarsals27. phalanges

Pg 128


Projects50 & 200 points•Unit 2 – 50 points

▫Topic and references due▫APA formatted document▫Submit name of organ system you will be

researching for Unit 9 Project▫Include references that you intend to use

Two journal articles Peer-reviewed Original research

One additional reference (other than the book)•Unit 9 – 200 points

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Unit 2 Project – Subject Options

•Integumentary•Skeletal•Muscular•Nervous•Endocrine•Circulatory

•Lymphatic•Respiratory•Digestive•Urinary•Reproductive

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Unit 9 Project - Questions•Organ system?•Role in the normal functioning and its

contribution to the maintenance of homeostasis?•How does it affect other body systems?•Using your journal articles, discuss the basic

science research that is currently taking place to help us understand the topic.

•What is the research?•What are we trying to accomplish?• If already done, what has it taught us?•What questions do researchers still have?

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Journal Articles

•Scientific articles▫Subjects▫Materials & methods▫Results▫Conclusions

•Peer reviewed journals▫Webliography▫Kaplan Library

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KU Library

•KU Home Page▫My Studies▫Library▫Guides, Classes and How to

▫Library Classes

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Webliography

•Have you seen all of the additions to the Webliography?

•Websites▫APA Formatting – 6▫Journal Search - 4

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Farewell•Thank you for your kind attention and

participation!•Email any time [email protected]•Call if your matter is urgent

▫630 323 3307•Follow me on Twitter

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Unit 2 HS260 Anatomy, Physiology & Chemistry