Unit 2 Fire, Knots, Shelter. Campfire Environmental Considerations Ample supply of dead wood....
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Unit 2 Fire, Knots, Shelter. Campfire Environmental Considerations Ample supply of dead wood. Location for a fire. Permitted by law. Naturally replenished
Environmental Considerations Ample supply of dead wood.
Location for a fire. Permitted by law. Naturally replenished within
a reasonable time if you have to cut wood. Dont use high impact
area. Leave no trace.
Slide 4
Functions of Fires Heat for emergency warmth and drying. Food
preparation. Aesthetic/psychological appeal.
Slide 5
Soils Litter; leaves, twigs and other natural organic matter.
Duff; Decomposing litter. Mineral soil; made up of sand, gravel,
and stones
Slide 6
Safety Considerations Safe location Wind direction Never leave
a fire unattended! Safe distance from tents and other equipment.
Away from combustible materials (roots, grasses, trees, duff, fuel)
Available water Weather conditions (dry)
Slide 7
Fire site types Fire rings Mound or pedestal Fire pan Fire
pits
Slide 8
Site Restoration Ensure fire is completely out. Burn the wood
to ash. Distribute ashes and rocks. If mound fire was used, replace
the mineral soil to its original location
Slide 9
Building a fire.
Slide 10
Combustion Fuel: Wood provides the fuel in campfires. The key
is to have the correct size fuel for the amount of heat available.
Heat: Heat ignites the fuel and must be balanced with it. Oxygen:
there must be room for oxygen. Allow for ample air circulation and
arrange the fuel so that oxygen can get to the fire.
Slide 11
Selection of firewood Softwood (eg. Pine, spruce and cedar) are
convenient for use as tinder and kindling. They ignite readily and
burn hot. Hardwood (eg. Maple, yellow birch, beach) are excellent
for obtaining hot long lasting coals, providing a steady
temperature for cooking and baking. Maple Yellow birch Pine Spruce
Cedar
Slide 12
Materials in Fire construction Tinder; Fine, flammable material
which will ignite from the heat of a match. Kindling; Small
diameter branches (3/4 or less) or split wood which will ignite
from the tinder Fuel; Firewood which provides coals and uniform
heat for cooking.
Slide 13
Laying the fire Lean-to Tepee Log cabin/pyramid
Slide 14
Ignition methods. Friction Sun Match Fuel lighter Flint &
Steel
Slide 15
Accelerants
Slide 16
Hand drill http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WjHZJbebJc Bow drill
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isUJns93in4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qk0TeoQPmEY&feature
=channel
Slide 17
Knot Tying Figure 8-provides a quick and convenient stopper
knot to prevent a line sliding out of sight, e.g., up inside the
mast. Its virtue is that, even after it has been jammed tightly
against a block, it doesn't bind; it can be undone easily. Half
hitch-to hitch or tie a rope to a standing object. Sheet Bend-is
recommended for joining two ropes of unequal size. The thicker rope
must be used for the simple bight as shown. It works equally well
if the ropes are of the same size. Bowline-makes a reasonably
secure loop in the end of a piece of rope. It has many uses, e.g.,
to fasten a mooring line to a ring or a post. Under load, it does
not slip or bind. With no load it can be untied easily. Two
bowlines can be linked together to join two ropes.
Things to consider before building. Present wind direction
Prevailing winds for time of year Opening orientation North South
East West Soil type and compaction (driving pegs and poles) Level
of ground Low or high area Wet or dry How many people it will
sleep