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Unit 10-Human Body
Chapter 36
Skeletal, Muscular & Integumentary System
Functions of the Skeleton
• Support
• Protect
• Attach muscles
• Store minerals
• Produce blood cells
206 Bones:
Axial skeletonincludes skull, ribs & vertebra
Appendicularincludes bones of
arms, legs andgirdles
Joints• point where 2 bones meet
• Immovable
• Slightly movable
• Freely movable:– Ball & socket– Hinge– Pivot– Saddle
Muscular System
Muscle types
• Cardiac =– located only
in heart
• Involuntary movement
• Striated, uni-nuclear, branched
Muscle types
• Skeletal =– Attached to bones– Ex: pectoralis major
• Voluntary movement• Striated,
multinuclear, extremely
long
Muscle types
• Smooth =– Make up hollow
organs– Ex: stomach, iris
• Involuntary movement
• Not striated, uninuclear, spindle-shaped
Muscle Vocabulary
• Ligaments = attach bone to bone
• Tendons = attach muscle to bone or another muscle
• Flexion = movement that bends joints (ex: biceps)
• Extension = movement that straightens joints (ex: triceps)
• Muscle fibers (cells) are composed of myofibrils…Myofibrils are made up of small filaments
• Thick filaments are called myosin and thin filaments are called actin
• A muscle contracts when the thin filaments slide over the thick filaments
Integumentary system
• Functions:• Protect• Receive stimuli• Regulate
temperature• Produce
vitamin D
Layers of skin:• Epidermis
– thin “dead” layer for waterproofing
• Dermis – thick layer containing
vessels, nerves, muscle, glands, and hair follicles
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous) – contains mostly fat for
insulation