Unit 1: Intro to Transportation Mr. Wasacz Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to list significant events in the history of transportation. Students will be able to identify ways in which historical events have acted like a catalyst for transportation development The Beginning of Transportation Transportation has been around since the existence of humans! Humans originally were nomadic We would move with the migration of animals The Beginning of Transportation Cont It wasnt until humans settled when other forms of transportation were developed The irrigation ditch is an example of early transportation The Domestication of Animals The first record of a domesticated animal is 10,000 BC. The first animals to be domesticated were dogs This would eventually lead to the domestication of cattle, and the breeding of the Ox. The ox would be used to to pull sledges The First Great Invention The Wheel It is said to be invented around BC The wheel was first found in Mesopotamia The wheel allowed for people to move things by rolling, instead of carrying or dragging In addition to this, with the domestication of animals, humans no longer had to do the muscle work Exploring Sea Transportation The earliest boats Date back to ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. These were made by hollowing out the inside of a log Eventually, Humans found that by creating sails, they could harness the power of the wind for movement The Invention of the Steam Engine Invented in 1698 Invented by Thomas Savery Modified by James Watt in 1769 Watts Condenser increased efficiency and application of the steam engine. The Use of the Steam Engine After Watts invention, other innovators began to see the potential of the steam engine In 1787, John Finch created a successful trial steam boat It wasnt until 1807 When Robert Fulton launched his steam boat, The Clermont The Use of the Steam Engine Contd In addition to adding the engine to a boat, other innovators began to add the engine to land transportation Richard Trevithick is credited with the first successful railway journey in 1804 With this, the age of rail transportation was born The Development of the Electric Motor The first practical motor was developed by William Sturgeon in 1832 This motor was not practical for driving any vehicles It wasnt until Znobe Gramme accidentally discovered a practical DC electric motor in 1873 when they would be implemented in vehicles In addition to that, Nikola Tesla invented the first AC electric motor The Use of the Electric Motor Once again, the potential of the electric motor was realized, and innovators began using them as propulsion methods in cars In the late 1800s many people began doing this, creating the first electric powered automobiles No one person is credited with the invention of these automobiles The Use of the Electric Motor In addition to adding the electric motor to automobiles, innovators began to develop electric trains These trains took the place of horse drawn Trolleys The first successful electric train system was in Richmond Virginia in 1887 This system skyrocketed into popularity because it reduced horse traffic, and allowed people to move out of the cities A Shift in Power Systems The Electric motor and steam engine had were in their prime throughout the 19th century It wasnt until the Otto cycle engine was invented that gasoline powered automobiles boomed The Otto Cycle Engine In 1876 Nicholas Otto demonstrated the first successful four stroke engine In the engine it had these separate strokes Intake Compression Power Exhaust The Application of 4 stroke Engines Once the potential was realized as to how much power could be produced by this engine, people began to add it to automobiles Remember, No one person is credited with the invention of the automobile The Popularization of the Automobile 1908 Henry Ford makes the debut of the Model T It was priced at $ By creating an assembly line, Ford was able to reduce production costs, which allowed him to reduce the price of the car By 1914, the price of a Model T dropped to $575.00 Gasoline Engines Take Over Electric powered cars dominated the marked in the late 19th century, but began to fade out Reasons for this were that refinements were made to the gas engine Electric starters were added, which reduced personal injury The gasoline engines had a longer range The discovery of oil in Texas gave us a constant supply of gasoline to power these cars The Wright Brothers Orville and Wilbur Had the worlds first successful heavier than air aircraft flight Tested their flying machine on December 17th 1903 This event began the age of flight World War I During WWI, trench warfare resulted in a ground campaign stalemate. In order to break the stalemate, aerial reconnaissance was used The development of new zeppelins and observations balloons helped gave the advancing armies an advantage World War I Cont In addition to balloons and zeppelins, small aircraft was used in reconnaissance Eventually, the aircrafts were loaded with guns, and we began to see the first real dogfights The side with the fastest airplanes dominated the airspace, giving troops on the ground an advantage World War II This historical acted as a catalyst for the advancement of transportation One under looked transportation device was the invention of the radar In years to come, Radar would be used to guide planes for safe operation The Rocket Engine The rocket engine began to be developed by both sides during WWII Air supremacy was key to win battles This Supremacy could be established by creating faster planes. Nazi Germany perfected the rocket propelled aircraft by the end of WWII. The Jet Engine In addition to the successful completion of the rocket engine, both the axis and allies sought out ways to create the same amount of thrust, but keep oxidizer and fuel separate. With this, the jet engine was created The jet engine would eventually revolutionize the air industry due to the increased max speed of the planes The Cold War After the finish of WWII, another battle for supremacy began The cold war drove all of the space age innovations As a direct result between the competition between us and the USSR, the exploration into space was made possible Sputnik First earth orbiting artificial satellite Launched on October 4, 1957 This showed that the Americans were behind in the space race, which led us to spend more money into space research After being beat by the Soviets, we made it a goal to be the first country to land on the moon The Emission of Green House Gasses As time progressed, we began to realize the harmful effects of the burning of hydro carbons The burning of hydrocarbons emitted green house gases into the atmosphere, making the atmosphere less susceptible to releasing heat emitted by the sun Eco Friendly Cars To solve this problem, a recent trend in technology has been to use power systems that do not require the burning of hydrocarbons Some ways that we have reduced our dependency is by combining too separate power systems, this is known as a hybrid power system Eco Friendly Cars In addition to hybrids, we also have been using Hydrogen fuel cars Hydrogen Fuel cells Electric vehicles Plug in hybrids Solar cars The Future of Transportation What will the future of transportation hold? Will there every be a self propelled car? What will future power methods be?