Slide 1

Unit 1: Present Tense Grammar and Structure for Ielts

Contents

Present Simple 1

2Present Continuous

3State Verb

Present simple

She often gets up at 6.00am every day

She usually does exercise

She has a big breakfast Regular habits or actions1. Present Simple

The sun rises in the east.She has a long hair

Permanent states and facts1. Present Simple

Instructions and directions 1. Present Simple You go straight ahead and then you turn left. Its opposite the park.

Excuse me, how to get to the cinema?

A woman falls in love with a poor man in this film.Stories, films, books1. Present Simple

1. Present Simple

The train will leave in 10 minutes

B. The train leaves in 10 minutes

When will the plane arrive?

B. When does the plane arrive?

Programmes or timetable

TIME EXPRESSIONS1. Present Simple every day/week/ month/yearoccasionallynow and thenon Mondays/ Tuesdays

alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomrarelyhardly evernever

+-?

FORMSI like Korean food.

S + V V+ES/SS + DO/DOES+ NOT+V(bare inf)I dont like Korean food.

DO/DOES +S +V(bare inf) ?Do you like Korean food?

I/you/we/they: DoShe/he/it: Does

Verb + s/es rules

1. I often. (go) to school by bus

2. He often (go) to school by busgogoes

1. I often. (read) books in the evening

2. He often (read) books in the eveningreadreads

Verb + s/es rulesKiss GoBrushFixwatchKisses Goes Brushes Fixes watches

ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o -es

V ending in

A vowel + y

A consonant + ye.g. play-plays, say-says, pray-prays, stay-stays,e.g. cry-cries, fly-flies, copy-copies,

+Take -s

+Drop y Take ies Verb + s/es rules

Present continuous

He is studying right now

Mark is playing game at the moment2. Present Continuous For actions happening now, at the moment of speaking

Present Continuous

She is practicing for a concert these days Temporary actions happening around now, not at the moment of speaking

The price of petrol is increasing rapidly Present Continuous Trends or changing situations

Present Continuous

You are always interrupting me

He is always copying my homework Actions happening too often, express annoyance or criticism

Present Continuous

He is flying to New York in an hour

They are going camping tomorrow Fix arrangements in the near future

TIME EXPRESSIONSAt the momentThese daysAt present Always now Present Continuous

+-?

I amSingular subjects (He/She/It) isPlural subjects (We/They/You) areFORMSS + am/is/are + V+ING

- She is listening to musicS + am/is/are + NOT + V+ING

She isnt listening to musicAm/Is/Are + S + V+ING

Is she listening to music?

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Non continuous V

This cake looks deliciousThis cake is looking delicious

He loves music He is loving musicHe love music

Non continuous V

Verbs of senses See, hear, feel, smell, tasteVerbs of perception Know, remember, forget, understand, think, realise, Verbs express like and dislike Love, like, hate, dislike, enjoy,Other VerbsInclude, matter, need, belong, want, have, own, appear, believe,.

This soup tastes delicious(think = believe)I am thinking about my trouble (think = consider) I think she is a good person(= has a delicious flavor )(is tasting the flavor)I am tasting the soup. It is delicious (perceive with my eye)I saw him doing his homework (am meeting )I am seeing him after this class NOTE:Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form when the meaning is temporary.

Unit 2: Past Tense

Contents

Past Simple 1

2Past Continuous

3Used to- would

Past simple

Past SimpleThey graduated in 2000

He left 15 minutes ago

Actions happened at a definite or stated time in the past

Past Simple

He often played football with his dad when he was fiveI never played games when I was at college

Actions happened repeatedly in the past but dont happen any more

Past SimpleWe bought food first

Then we cooked

After that, we had dinnerActions happened immediately one after the other in the past

Past SimpleLinda and Mark lived in Australia for about 15 yearsLong - term past situations which are no longer true

TIME EXPRESSIONSPast Simple yesterday Two days/weeks/months/years ago last week/month/year whenIn 1992 then, ect

FORMS+-?

S +V-ed/V(2) I phoned Mark last night -She went shopping an hour agoS +DID NOT + V-bare.infI didnt phone Mark last night -She didnt go shopping an hour agoDID + S + V-bare.inf ?Did you phone Mark last night ?-Did she go shopping an hour ago?V(2) tobe: you/we/they: wereI/ She/he/it: was

Past continuous

Past Continuous

At 3 oclock yesterday afternoon, they were washing the dog

Mike was reading books at 9 oclock last night.

Actions was in progress at a stated time in the past

Past Continuous

He was reading a newspaper when his wife came

When we were sunbathing , it started to rain

Actions was in progress when another action interrupted it

Past Continuous

He was watching TV while his wife was cookingShe was talking on the phone while she was driving

2 or more actions were happening at the same time

Time expressions When While AsAll day/ night, morning The whole afternoon For hours/ days At the same time

FORMS+-?

S +was/were +V-ing She was playing tennisS +was/were + NOT +V-ing She was NOT playing tennisWas/were + S +V-ing? Was she playing tennis?Yes, she wasNo, she wasnt/was not

+

-

?

+

-

?

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Used to would

Used to would

I used to drink a lot of beer

Mary used to live in a small house, but now she lives in a villa

Past habits or things that dont happen any more

He didnt use to take the dog for a walk He wouldn't take the dog for a walk A & B are correct

He used to teach for this school for 10 years He taught for this school for 10 yearsA & B are correct

Would is not used in negative form and Yes/ No questions and state VDo not use Used to: talk about how long the situation lasted

EXERCISES

Ex.1/3Unit 1

Im busy right now. I ..(fill in) an application form for a new job2. My tutor.. (see) me for a tutorial every Monday at 2 oclock3. John .. (not study) very hard at the moment. I (not think) ..he will pass his exams4. What .. (he/ do)? He .. (try) to fix the television aerial 5. Animals .. (breathe in) oxygen and (give out) .. carbon dioxide

Am filling inseesIsnt studyingDont thinkIs he doingIs tryingBreathe inGive outEx.2/3

6. Be quiet! I (want) to hear the news

7. In my country we (drive) on the right-hand side of the road

8. My friend Joes parents .(travel) round the World this summer,

9. The college ..(run) the same course every year

10. Numbers of wild butterflies (fall) a result of changes in farming methods

Want driveAre travellingrunsare falling

We energy for 3 main things : electricity production, heating and transport. For the first two, weoptions such as solar and wind power, or natural gas. But oil is still the worlds number one. Source of energy consumption ...year by year and demand in similar regions...fast. We.how to use energy more efficiently now than in the past but the worldwide rise in demand ..concern amongst experts. Some experts.. that oil supplies will start to fall within the next twenty years. Most experts . that we need to find a new source of energy soon.

usehaveIs going upIs catching upknowIs causingthinkagreeEx.3/4

....

Can seeIs increasingIs decreasingEx.4/4

4. 5. ..6. .WarmsRisesChanges

Was Took Was Received Meant Ex.1/7Unit 2

Invented Laid Allowed Replaced Increased

Did not ownWalked Rode

Made Were studying Was describing Picked up Noticed Was cryingapologizedSaid Ex.2/8

Said Didnt knowMade happenedWas showing Was examining Was smiling Got Said Laughed Wasnt looking Inspired Started

T: What sort of things 1 (you/ do) as a child?Yoko: Oh, when I was a child growing up in Japan there were many customs that we 2. (follow). For example, I remember we 3. (move) house when I was seven and we 4 (visit) our new neighbors with gifts. At that time the tradition was that people 5 (give) gifts if Japanese noodles, but it is different now and people tend to give things like soap or towels or nothing at all. T: 6 (have) one tradition that you particularly remember?

Did you use to doWould/ used to follow Moved Visited Would/ used to give Did you use to have Ex.3/8

Yoko: Yes, one tradition that I 7 (really/like) was in the spring when the cherry blossoms were out. As a family, we 8 (go) into the countryside and we 9 (spend) the day eating, drinking and singing. One year my father 10 (take) a lovely photo of me and my sisters and I still keep that picture on my wall todayT: And 11 (you/ have to) do anything you didnt like?Yoko: Yes, I remember how we 12 (have to) clean the house thoroughly. This ceremony is called Osoji and my sisters and I 13 . (not/ look forward to) it very much!used to really like Used to/ would goUsed to/ would spend Took Did you use to have to Used to have to Didnt use to look forward to

3. .4. .5. .6. .7. .8. .

Used to goNoticed Realized Was snowing Ex.4/9

9. .10. .11. .12. .13. .14. .15. .16. .

Skidded Phoned Stopped Came