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Union of MyanmarUnion of Myanmar
Ministry of Agriculture and IrrigationMinistry of Agriculture and Irrigation
Department of Agricultural ResearchDepartment of Agricultural Research
YezinYezin, , NayPyiTawNayPyiTaw
MyanmarMyanmar
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MyanmarMyanmarCountry Data
LocationLocation:: LatitudeLatitude 99°° 3232’’ –– 2828°° 3131’’ NN
LongitudeLongitude 9292°° 1010’’ –– 101101°° 1111’’ EE
LandLand wisewise
NorthNorth toto SouthSouth 22,,060060 KmKm
EastEast toto WestWest 945945 KmKm
AreaArea:: 6767..6565 millionmillion--hectareshectaresAreaArea:: 6767..6565 millionmillion--hectareshectares
((676676,,577577 sqsq km)km)
PopulationPopulation 5959..7878 millionmillion
GrowthGrowth raterate 11..8484%%
RuralRural populationpopulation 6969%%
NorthNorth ChinaChina
EastEast ThailandThailand andand LaosLaos PDRPDR
WestWest IndiaIndia andand BangladeshBangladesh
SouthSouth ThailandThailand
Crude oil & Petroleum
Product, 13.45%
Natural Gas, 10.67%
Coal & Lignite, 2.48%
Biomass is the largest contributing energy source in Myanmar
Crude oil & Petroleum is the second most to depend
Energy sources in Myanmar
3
Hydropower, 9.55%
Biomass , 63.86%
depend
Hydropower may be important component for energy security in future, providing high energy balance and enhancer for bio-fuel production
Non-energy uses and other consumption,
0.5%Industry, 5.8% Transportation
, 10.8%
Agriculture, 1.1%
• Agriculture sector consume only 1.1% of the total energy consumption (could be government agri: sector)
• Farm sector energy consumption and requirement should be estimated
Energy Consumption (%) by Sector
4
1%
Services, 1%Residential, 80.8%
• With increasing mechanization, more diesel could have been used.
• If we calculate the diesel requirement for total irrigated area 2.3 million to have one pass of plough with power tiller, at least .5 million gallon could be needed.
Energy Consumption by Types
Other land24.65%
Other forest
24.02%
Almost 6 million ha (8.84%) of the total land area is
Land resources in Myanmar (2009-10)
6
Net sown17.70%
Fallow land0.36%
Cultivable waste land
8.29%
Reserved forest
24.96%
total land area is still available.Almost 50% of the land is still being covered
by forest.
(000, ha)
Ayarwady,
40.49
Kachin, 1688.66
Kayin, 55.87
Kayah, 17.81�Kachin, Shan (E), and Chin still possess the potential
Distribution of cultivable waste land by State and Division as of January, 2008 (Source: Department of Agriculture Planning)
7
Mon, 13.36
Mandalay,
36.03
Magwe, 63.56
Taninthayi,
254.66
Rakhine, 112.96
Yangon, 4.05
Bago, 93.52Shan (S),
516.19
Shan (N),
308.10
Sagaing, 121.86
Shan (E),
1216.60
Chin, 1211.34
Total 5755060 ha
potential for horizontal expansion
�Huge potential for both Food & Fuel crops
Current Situation
Policy Guidelines
The National Workshop by the New Government concluded by laying down 8 Tasks for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation.
Task No.1 Development of Agricultural productivity
Task No.2 Development of Livestock breeding and fisheries
Task No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivityTask No.3 Development of Rural small-scale productivity
Task No.4 Development of Micro saving and credit associations
Task No.5 Development of Cooperative tasks
Task No.6 Development of rural socio-economy
Task No.7 Development of rural energy
Task No.8 Environmental conservation
Policy for Energy Development
• Energy Development
• Increase Self-Sufficiency
• Promote the utilization of renewable energy
• Prevent deforestation caused by excessive use of fuel wood and charcoal
Goals for Renewable Energy Development
• To minimize the country’s reliance on imported fuels.
• To create alternative markets.
• To ensure both food and energy security.
• To increase in rural employment
• To develop small and medium industries through benefits from emerging bio-energy opportunities.
• To sustain environmental conditions.
Current sources
• Petroleum
• Natural gas
• Compressed natural gas (CNG)
Potential sources
• Wind energy (renewable)
• Solar energy (renewable)
Available energy sources in Myanmar
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natural gas (CNG)
• Hydroelectricity (renewable)
• Coal
(renewable)
• Geothermal (renewable)
• Bio-energy (Renewable)
– Ethanol
– Bio-diesel
– Gasification
– Biogas
– Biomass
Biomass Power Generation
Source Materials - Agricultural Wastes- Energy Crops- Industrial Wastes- Municipal Solid Wastes- Animal Wastes
Applicable Technologies Applicable Technologies
– Gasification (Producer Gas) – Pellets and Loose Forms -Bio methanation (Biogas) – Anaerobic Digestion – Agri; waste, Industrial wastes and plant and leaves.
- Direct fired - Boiler for steam making and power generation.
Rice Husk as a Potential Fuel for Biogasifiers
Rice Husk availability
Paddy Production/yr= about 30.7 mio ton
Rice Husk ( ~20% ) = 6.12 mio ton/yr
Power equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yrPower equivalent = 35,802 GWh/yr ( or ) 3,078 mio TOE/yr
Current Effective usage ~ 10 %
If the rest 90% or Min. 50% can be put into use – 17.9 GWh/yr ( or )
1,539 mio TOE/yr can be saved
Application of Biomass Gasification Technology to Irrigation Pumping
PROGRESS UP TO 2010
•The department had replaced 34 sets of diesel engine in 2008-2009 and 42
sets in 2009-2010 and 33sets in 2010-11 with gasifiers (rice husk based) for
irrigating 5760ha(13360 Acre) of paddy in three-year total.
•The operation of these systems has resulted in a saving of about 504 tons
(137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in(137732 gallons) of diesel or 4.64MVA of electric power from national grid in
within three years, implying a saving of about 1612.8 tons of CO2.
• Moreover, local farmers in those areas had got extra income from the sale of
rice husk.
PLAN OF 2011-2012
It is planned to produce and install 50 dual-fuel type gasifiers(rice husk
based ) and 10 gasifiers (55”Ǿ x 5’) operating in 100% producer gas mode
for replacement of remaining diesel engine-driven pumping systems in 2011-
2012 fiscal year.
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Type-1 18"Øx5' Dual Fuel Type Gasifier
Khon Soke Pump StationAyeyarwaddy Division
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• Energy efficient stoves project
• Biogas projects
• Gasifier projects
• GMS country assessment on bio-fuel & renewable
energy project
• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &
On going projects for bioenergy in Myanmar
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• ASEAN plus THREE also assist in Biomass &
Renewable energy
Diversity of potential ethanol producible crops in Myanmar
•Sugarcane
•Cassava
•Sorghum
•Sweet sorghum
•Indigenous root and tuber crops
• Maize
• Potato
• Sweet potato
• Toddy palm?
• Nipah palm?
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tuber crops
Toddy palm at dry zone and Nipah palm at mangrove areas of delta for ethanol or sugar !
Diversity of Potential Bio-diesel Feedstock in Myanmar
• Jatropha curcas
• Palm oil
• Coconut
• Rice-brand oil
• Cotton seed
• Soybean
• Rape seed
• Niger
• Neem seed
• Other Vegetable
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• Sesame
• Peanut
• Other Vegetable seed
Need to evaluate all oleaginous plants for bio-diesel. R & D is essential
State of biodiesel production from Jatropha in Myanmar
Government launched the plan in2005 with full political will with thetarget to reach over 3.23 million ha(8 million ac) within 3 years; (Largepublic campaign)Main objective is for rural energyself-sufficiency;– Small farm machineries,
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– Small farm machineries,– Domestic lighting and cooking,
and– Income generation from surplus
productionDuring 2011, 2.13 million hectarehas been covered.Committed large scale experiment?
Jatropha Curcus Plantation Programme
State /Region
Sown area (,000ha)
Harvested (,000ha)
Yield (MT/ha)
Production (MT)
Kachin 135 1.5 0.03 40
Kayah 120 2.4 0.12 274
State /Region
Sown area (,000ha)
Harvested (,000ha)
Yield (MT/ha)
Production (MT)
Mandalay 217 3.0 0.07 210
Year Proposed area
acre (hectare)
Actual cultivated area acre (hectare)
20052005 -- 16,197 (6555)16,197 (6555)
20062006--0707 2,158,559 (873522)2,158,559 (873522) 850,000 (343976)850,000 (343976)
20072007--0808 2,688,209 (1087859)2,688,209 (1087859) 1,100,000 (445146)1,100,000 (445146)
20082008--0909 3,382,490 (1368820)3,382,490 (1368820) --
Jatropha Production in Myanmar (2010-11)
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Kayah 120 2.4 0.12 274
Kayin 95 1.3 0.15 203
Chin 81 0.2 0.05 10
Sagaing 208 9.9 0.07 734
Taninthar-
yi9 1.5 0.06 81
Bago (E) 113 1.8 0.04 66
Bago (W) 90 0.6 0.03 16
Magwe 324 27.2 0.08 2201
Mon 67 0.3 0.06 16
Rakhine 43 1.2 0.06 69
Yangon 34 0.5 0.05 26
Shan (S) 190 9.7 0.10 998
Shan (N) 198 11.2 0.02 203
Shan (E) 49 2.9 0.07 260
Ayeyar-
wady188 1.4 0.06 91
Total 2127 78 0.07 5498
Up to 2011- Biodiesel produced from Jetropha Curcus can be used for home cooking usage and one cylinder diesel engines drive . Now one machine (superheated steam system) has
been carried out in test run position with JKK Co.,Ltd.(Japan), after that it will be operated for rural electrification (at least 10-20 villages).
On-going R&D for Jatropha
Germplasm collection
Varietals improvement
– High Yield and High Oil content
Agro-techniques
– Propagation method
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– Propagation method
– Fertilizer response
– Planting arrangement
– Pruning method
– Irrigation
– Pest and disease management
Processing technology
Key Issues and ChallengesJatropha
• There is no certified variety/clone of jatropha
• Breeding for locally adaptable, high yielding variety/clone should be the number one priorityshould be the number one priority
• Pests and diseases managements
• Weeds
• Presently there is no marketing channel and price structure
for Jatropha production in Myanmar
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Conclusion
• No immediate threat of competition for land
resources by biofuel crops
• Formulation of land use and trade policy for
expanding biofuel farming
• National policy on biofuel will provide the basis
for accelerated development of biofuel in the country
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for accelerated development of biofuel in the country
• Development of proper market
• Cooperation and co-ordination among concerned
institutions
• Need initial technical assistance and capacity
building
• Integrated efforts of public-private partnership
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