Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
UNHCR COUNTRY BRIEFING FOLDER ON DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
UNHCR COUNTRY BRIEFING FOLDER ON DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) STATUS DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.refworld.org/ E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://www.refworld.org/
June 2009
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
Table of Contents
CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................3 A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................4
A.1. General Information; Country Profile; Maps .................................................4 a. Country Profile ............................................................................................... 4 b. Language ........................................................................................................ 5 c. Maps ............................................................................................................... 5
A.2. Political and Security Situation ......................................................................6 A.3. Human Rights (in General).............................................................................8
B. LEGAL CONTEXT .....................................................................................................9 B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness ...................................9 B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems .............................................................10 B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties ..............................................................10 B.4. Internal Security; Police; Law Enforcement.................................................11
C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS ...............................................12 C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers .....................................................................12 C.2. Internally Displaced Persons ........................................................................13 C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities...........................................................15 C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children................................15 C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group ....................................................17 C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights..................................................................17 C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief ...................................................................18 C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression; Media Issues ......................................19 C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit ........................19 C.10. Armed Forces; Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion........19 C.11. Exclusion ......................................................................................................21
D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ..................................................................................22 D.1 Early Warning; Conflict Prevention .............................................................22 D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social Rights.................................22 D.3 Miscellaneous ...............................................................................................23 D.4 Suggested Websites and Further Reading ....................................................23
2
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS
LATEST COUNTRY OPERATIONS PLAN (COP): - UNHCR Country Operations Plan 2006 - Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1
September 2005 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4321935d2.html OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTS: - UNHCR Global Appeal 2009 Update - Democratic Republic of the Congo,
November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4922d4100.html - UNHCR Global Report 2007 - Democratic Republic of the Congo, June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4848fa3b2.html ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS: - Submission by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for the
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights' Compilation Report (Excerpts of Treaty Body Concluding Observations and Special Procedure Reports) - Universal Periodic Review: Democratic Republic of the Congo, April 2009
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49fea6401f.html - UN High Commissioner for Refugees, DRC - Treatment of Rejected Asylum
Seekers, 19 april 2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4459b53f4.html - UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Real-time evaluation of UNHCR's IDP
operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 30 September 2007 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/46ea97fe2.html - UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Background Paper on Refugees and
Asylum Seekers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 May 2000 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6a6574.html - UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Background Paper on Refugees and
Asylum Seekers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 April 1998 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6a6410.html
3
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A.1. General Information; Country Profile; Maps
a. Country Profile A.1.1. United Nations Statistics Division, Country Profile: Democratic Republic of
the Congo, URL: http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo
A.1.2. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), ICRC Annual Report 2008: Democratic Republic of Congo, 27 May 2008 URL: http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/7S7F9X/$FILE/icrc_ar_08_drc.pdf
A.1.3. US Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook – Congo, Democratic Republic of the, last updated on 14 May 2009
URL: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html
A.1.4. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, National Documentation Package - Democratic Republic of the Congo, 29 April 2009 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/index_e.htm?id=1043
A.1.5. US Department of State, Background Note: Democratic Republic of the Congo, March 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2823.htm
A.1.6. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Country Report Congo, (Democratic Republic), March 2009
URL: http://store.eiu.com/product/50000205ZR.html?ref=featuredProductHome
A.1.7. BBC, Country Profile – Democratic Republic of Congo, last updated 28 January 2009
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1076399.stm
A.1.8. UK Border Agency, Country of Origin Information Report – Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 January 2009 URL: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/drcongo-280109.doc
A.1.9. UK Border Agency, Operational Guidance Note: Democratic Republic of the Congo, 23 December 2008 URL: http://www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk/sitecontent/documents/policyandlaw/countryspecificasylumpolicyogns/drcongo.pdf?view=Binary
A.1.10. Country of Return Information (CRI) Project, Fiche-pays - République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), November 2008
URL: http://www.cri-project.eu/cs/cs-congo-fr.pdf
4
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A.1.11. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Country Profile Congo (Democratic Republic), September 2008
URL: http://store.eiu.com/product/30000203ZR.html?ref=product_detail_list_Country_title
A.1.12. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile: Congo (Democratic
Republic), last reviewed 17 March 2008 URL: http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/congo-democratic-republic
A.1.13. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Country Fact Sheet - Democratic Republic of the Congo, April 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/publications/index_e.htm?docid=324&cid=185
A.1.14. Thompson Reuters Foundation AlertNet, Country Profile: Congo (Democratic Republic) URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/dr_congo.htm
b. Language A.1.15. Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Languages of Democratic Republics of
the Congo URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=CD
A.1.16. Jacques Leclerc, Aménagement linguistique dans le monde: Congo – Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo) URL: http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/czaire.htm
c. Maps A.1.17. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, DRC Return (Total 2004-2008):
Refugees and IDP, 8 May 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a12ac852.html
A.1.18. UN Cartographic Section, MONUC, April 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/dpko/monuc.pdf
A.1.19. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Nord Kivu: Mouvement de populations, Janvier – Mars 2009, personnes déplacées et retournées, 27 March 2009 URL : http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/DAE176E4CD1655AA8525758600686049/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement
5
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A.1.20. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affaires, Mouvement de populations en République Démocratique du Congo - Etat des lieux au 1er mars 2009, Situation des déplacés internes et retournés, 1 March 2009 URL : http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/7A8E503238A5C8C9C125758400518343/$File/Map.pdf?OpenElement
A.1.21. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Democratic Republic of the Congo: North Kivu, as at 4 November 2008, 6 November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49242a5e2.html
A.1.22. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Democratic Republic of the Congo, as of June 2008, 23 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4540b9564.pdf
A.1.23. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Province Orientale and Kivu Region, as of June 2008, 15 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/487de87c2.pdf
A.1.24. UN High Commissioner for Refugees, IDPs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as of December 2007, 14 January 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/47b169204.pdf
A.1.25. UN Cartographic Section, Democratic Republic of the Congo, January 2004 URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/drcongo.pdf A.1.26. UN Cartographic Section, East-Central Democratic Republic of the Congo,
June 1998 URL: http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/eastdrc.pdf
A.2. Political and Security Situation A.2.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Rwandan militia on
killing spree ahead of joint operation, 15 May 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84413
A.2.2. International Crisis Group (ICG), Congo: Five Priorities for a Peacebuilding Strategy, 11 May 2009 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/africa/central_africa/150_congo____five_priorities_for_a_peacebuilding_strategy.pdf
A.2.3. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Thousands of civilians trapped in east as clashes resume, 24 April 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84093
A.2.4. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Armed groups sign their own “death certificate”, 21 April 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84017
6
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A.2.5. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner on the situation of human rights and the activities of her Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49ef1a252.html
A.2.6. United Nations Security Council, Twenty-seventh report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 27 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49e44f2a2.html
A.2.7. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Kivus move closer to peace - but risks remain, 26 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83661
A.2.8. Human Rights Watch, The Christmas Massacres: LRA attacks on Civilians in Northern Congo, 16 February 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2009/02/16/christmas-massacres-0
A.2.9. WRITENET, DR Congo: The North Kivu Crisis, January 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4988032e2.html
A.2.10. UN Security Council, Statement by the President of the Security Council [made on behalf of the Security Council, at the 6058th meeting, 22 Dec. 2008, in connection with the Council's consideration of the item entitled "The situation in the Great Lakes region"], 22 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4952076a2.html
A.2.11. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1856 (2008) [on extension of the mandate of the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)], 22 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4961deff1a.html
A.2.12. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1857 (2008) [on renewal of measures on arms embargo against all non-governmental entities and individuals operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo], 22 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4961df006.html
A.2.13. UN Security Council, Fourth special report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 21 November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4933aba12.html
A.2.14. International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Attacks on Justice 2005 - Democratic Republic of Congo, 11 July 2008 URL: http://www.icj.org/IMG/DRC.pdf
A.2.15. International Crisis Group (ICG), Congo: Four Priorities for Sustainable Peace in Ituri, 13 May 2008 URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5425&l=1
7
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A.3. Human Rights (in General) A.3.1. UN News Centre, Human rights defenders in DR Congo under threat, says
UN expert, 3 June 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31011&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
A.3.2. Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2009, 28 May 2009 URL: http://thereport.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/democratic-republic-congo
A.3.3. United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner on the situation of human rights and the activities of her Office in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49ef1a252.html
A.3.4. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Annual Report on Human Rights 2008 - The Democratic Republic of Congo, 26 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49ce361832.html
A.3.5. UN Security Council, Letter dated 18 March 2009 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council: Report of the Special Adviser of the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide on his mission to the Great Lakes region from 22 November to 5 December 2008 with respect to the situation in North Kivu, 19 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a0967892.html
A.3.6. UN Human Rights Council, Combined report of seven thematic special procedures on technical assistance to the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and urgent examination of the situation in the East of the country, 5 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49d357fb2.html
A.3.7. United States Department of State, 2008 Human Rights Report: Democratic Republic of the Congo, 25 February 2009
URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/118995.htm
A.3.8. Human Rights Watch, Killings in Kiwanja: The UN’s Inability to Protect Civilians, 12 December 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2008/12/11/killings-kiwanja-0
A.3.9. UN Human Rights Council, Resolution S-8/1: Situation of human rights in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4964a91c2.html
A.3.10. UN Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC), Special inquiry into the Bas Congo events of February and March 2008, May 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48624eae2.html
A.3.11. International Federation for Human Rights, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) - "Breaking the cycle of impunity", 18 April 2008 URL: http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/DRCsexualcrimeseng2008.pdf
8
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
A.3.12. Human Rights Watch, Statement to the DRC Parliamentary Commission investigating events in Bas Congo, 12 April 2007 URL: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/drc0407.pdf
A.3.13. Human Rights Watch, UPC Crimes in Ituri (2002 – 2003) – Summary, 8 November 2006 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2006/11/08/upc-crimes-ituri-2002-2003
A.3.14. Human Rights Watch, World Report 2009: Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 14 January 2009
URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/node/79181
A.3.15. World Organization Againts Torture, Note sur la situation des défenseurs des droits de l’homme en République Démocratique du Congo, 24 décembre 2008
URL : http://omct.org/pdf/Observatory/2008/Note_RDC_241208.pdf?PHPSESSID=0322bf726e15f330f384aa88b9693fce
A.3.16. International Federation for Human Rights, Rapport sur la situation des droits de l’Homme en RDC au regard des obligations de la RDC à la Chartre africaine des droits de l’Homme et des Peuples, 12 décembre 2008
URL: http://www.fidh.org/Rapport-sur-la-situation-des,6148
A.3.17. Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2008 - Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa), 2 July 2008
URL: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7525
A.3.18. Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2008, 28 May 2008 URL: http://archive.amnesty.org/report2008/eng/regions/africa/democratic-republic-of-the-congo.html
B. LEGAL CONTEXT
B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness B.1.1. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: The
Congolese passport, including the name of the issuing authority and the procedure and conditions for obtaining one; possibilities of obtaining a passport through fraud or corruption (March 2007), 20 March 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451137
B.1.2. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Certificate of lost identity documents (attestation de perte de pièces d'identité), different forms this document can take, whether the certificate must be stamped by the Office of the Director-General of Migration
9
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
(Direction générale de migration, DGM) or the National Intelligence Agency (Agence nationale de renseignements, ANR), 19 December 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450750
B.1.3. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: Incidence and accessibility of fraudulent identity, administrative and legal documents, 3 February 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=449924
B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems B.2.1. République Démocratique du Congo – Assemblée Nationale – Sénat –
Commission Mixte Paritaire, Loi No. 09 du 6/05/2009 portant amnistie pour faits de guerres et insurrectionnels commis dans les provinces du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu, 6 May 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a1bb66c2.html
B.2.2. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers, Leandro Despouy : addendum : mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 11 April 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/484d2cdc2.html
B.2.3. Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo, 18 février 2006 URL: http://www.presidentrdc.cd/constitution.html
B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties B.3.1. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo:
Whether the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo-Zaïre, AFDL) was dissolved in 1999; the situation of its former members, 11 June 2008
URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451984
B.3.2. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo:
The number of members and offices of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social, UDPS); the importance of the UDPS compared with other political parties, 27 March 2008 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451866
10
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
B.3.3. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: The Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social), particularly its current status, its relationship with the government and the treatment of its members by the government authorities and security forces (2006 - March 2007), 23 March 2007
URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451138
B.3.4. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: The
existence of a political party called the Union for National Recovery (Union pour le redressement national, URN), which was allegedly founded in the Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) in 1998-1999; the party's mission and objectives, founding members, leaders and operations, 7 October 2005 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450271
B.3.5. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: Current situation of the Unified Lumumbist Party, including the treatment of its members by the authorities, 30 March 2005
URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=438403
B.4. Internal Security; Police; Law Enforcement B.4.1. UN News Centre, UN, DR Congo agree on strengthening joint operation
against armed groups, 10 June 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31065&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
B.4.2. UN News Centre, DR Congo police receive UN training ahead of local elections, 3 June 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=31007&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
B.4.3. UN News Centre, DR Congo: UN mission in DR Congo assists military in offensive against Hutu rebels, 30 May 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30975&Cr=MONUC&Cr1=#
B.4.4. United States Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2008 - Democratic Republic of Congo, 30 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49fac6bd18.html
B.4.5. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Journalist Recalls Disturbing Prison Ordeal, 20 April 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=351916&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Journalist%20Recalls%20Disturbing%20Prison%20Ordeal
B.4.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Hundreds of Rwandan troops to help disarm Hutu rebels, 20 January 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82473
11
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
B.4.7. Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Information on the police acting outside of the Constitution/applicable legislation by, for example, attacks on opposition politicians, 9 January 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49ec3b011.html
B.4.8. UN Security Council, Letter dated 30 January 2008 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism addressed to the President of the Security Council : fifth report submitted by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Counter-Terrorism Committee pursuant to Security Council resolution 1373 (2001), 20 February 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47e0e7e12.html
B.4.9. UN Security Council, Letter dated 30 January 2008 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1373 (2001) concerning Counter-Terrorism addressed to the President of the Security Council : fourth report submitted by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Counter-Terrorism Committee pursuant to paragraph 6 of Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) concerning counter-terrorism, 20 February 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48bbcc2c2.html
B.4.10. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: The state security forces, including their name, mandate and organization; whether members of these forces are involved in human rights violations (2006 - March 2007), 23 March 2007 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=451131
C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS
C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers C.1.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Zambia - DRC: Free trip
back home only 'til December, 30 April 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84189
C.1.2. UN News Centre, DR Congo, Rwanda take first steps to repatriate 150,000 refugees, 17 april 2009 URL: http://www.wwan.cn/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30506&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
C.1.3. UN News Centre, DRC - Rwanda: War against rebels "not over, despite troop withdrawal", 2 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83234
C.1.4. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: The long journey home to Rwanda, 27 February 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83172
12
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.1.5. UN News Centre, Over 15,000 Congolese fleeing Ugandan rebel attacks pour into Sudan, UN reports, 17 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29917&Cr=DRC&Cr1=refugees&Kw1=Over+15%2C000+Congolese+fleeing+Ugandan+rebel+attacks+pour+into+Sudan&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.1.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC-Rwanda: Refugees in DRC opting to go back home, 13 February 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82918
C.1.7. UN News Centre, More Rwandan civilians in DR Congo seeking repatriation, says UN agency, 6 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29804&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo&Kw1=More+Rwandan+civilians+in+DR+Congo+seeking+&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.1.8. UN News Service, At least 5,000 Congolese arrive in Sudan after attacks by rebels - UN, 7 October 2008 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28453&Cr=Congolese&Cr1=&Kw1=At+least+5%2C000+Congolese+arrive+in+Sudan+&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.1.9. United States Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, World Refugee Survey 2008 - Congo-Kinshasa, 19 June 2008 URL: http://www.refugees.org/countryreports.aspx?id=2129
C.2. Internally Displaced Persons C.2.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC-Uganda: LRA
reprisal attacks increase in the northeast, 10 June 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84787
C.2.2. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Thousands flee LRA attacks in northeast, 29 May 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84618
C.2.3. Human Rights Watch, DR Congo: 100,000 Civilians at Risk of Attack, 29 April 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/04/29/dr-congo-100000-civilians-risk-attack
C.2.4. UN News Centre, Civilians continue to flee, in fear of reprisals, in eastern DR Congo – UN, 24 April 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30584&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
C.2.5. UN News Centre, DR Congo: over 100,000 uprooted in latest wave of rebel attacks, says UN, 22 April 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30555&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
13
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.2.6. UN News Centre, DR Congo: more than 30,000 flee new attacks by splintered rebel factions, 7 April 2009
URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30415&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo
C.2.7. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Villages abandoned as militia rampage in the east, 19 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83550
C.2.8. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Waiting for militias to leave the Kivus, 12 March 2009
URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83418
C.2.9. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: IDPs returning to North Kivu despite violence, 6 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83334
C.2.10. Refugees International, DR Congo: Adapt Strategies to Assist Vulnerable People, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/dr-congo-adapt-strategies-assist-vulnerable-people
C.2.11. UN News Centre, Rwandan rebel attacks lead to more displacement in eastern DR Congo, UN says, 24 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29997&Cr=fdlr&Cr1=29980&Kw1=Rwandan+rebel+attacks+lead&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.2.12. UN News Centre, Thousands of Congolese flee latest attack by Ugandan rebel group, UN says, 10 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29842&Cr=LRA&Cr1=DRC&Kw1=Thousands+of+Congolese+flee+latest+attack+&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.2.13. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC-UGANDA: Deadly LRA attacks prompt exodus in northeastern DRC, 30 December 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82140
C.2.14. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Focus on North Kivu Province: IDPs on the move face grave human rights violations, 21 November 2008 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/8B4EE1323BDD997EC1257508005CB8A8/$file/DRC_Overview_Nov08.pdf
C.2.15. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Escalating displacement in
North Kivu despite ceasefire agreement, 30 September 2008 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/75A506D072D47989C12574D400553F7B/$file/Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo+-September+2008.pdf
14
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.2.16. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), The Great Lakes Pact and the Rights of Displaced People: A Guide for Civil Society, September 2008 URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/resources.nsf/(httpPublications)/A7A8D72441DF83B3C12574C9002C7A65?OpenDocument
C.2.17. UN Human Rights Council, Report submitted by the Representative of the Secretary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons, Walter Kälin : addendum : mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 16 May 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48bf98432.html
C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities C.3.1. Human Rights Watch, "We Will Crush You": The Restriction of Political
Space in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 25 November 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2008/11/25/we-will-crush-you-0
C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children C.4.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Rape cases soar in
South Kivu, 3 June 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84685
C.4.2. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Women “Prisoners” in Their Own Homes, 29 May 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=352898&apc_state=henh
C.4.3. UN News Centre, Growing number of women falling victim to rape in DR Congo, reports UN, 20 May 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30865&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
C.4.4. Human Rights Watch, DR Congo: Brutal Rapes by Rebels and Army, 8 April 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/04/08/dr-congo-brutal-rapes-rebels-and-army
C.4.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Treating the sexually abused in South Kivu, 5 March 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=83321
C.4.6. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention : Convention on the Rights of the Child : concluding observations : Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 February 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49a5172e2.html
15
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.4.7. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Written replies by the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo concerning the list of issues to be taken up in connection with the consideration of the 2nd periodic report of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (CRC/C/COD/2), 30 December 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49c0f8e70.html
C.4.8. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Sexual Violence in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 17 October 2008 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/pdf/IWPR_NL_DRC_special_102008.pdf
C.4.9. Amnesty International, Democratic Republic of Congo: North Kivu: No end to the war against women and children, 29 September 2008 URL: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/AFR62/005/2008/en
C.4.10. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention : Convention on the Rights of the Child : 2nd periodic reports of States parties due in 1997 : Democratic Republic of the Congo, 24 July 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49997add3.html
C.4.11. United States Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report 2008 - Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 4 June 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/484f9a0dc.html
C.4.12. UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Yakin Ertürk : addendum : mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 28 February 2008
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d545b72.html
C.4.13. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), particularly whether a woman can be forced to undergo FGM against her and her parents' will; the consequences of refusing to undergo FGM; the possibility of filing a complaint; the availability of state protection (June 2006), 13 July 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450704
C.4.14. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Prevalence of domestic violence, the availability of legal protection, methods of punishing or deterring offenders, and presence of support systems for survivors (March 2006), 22 March 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=449998
16
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group C.5.1. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo:
The non-governmental organization (NGO) Volunteers United in Action for Progress and Development (Volontaires unis dans l'action pour le progrès et le développement, VUAPROD); its founding date; its organizational structure; the number of members; its mandate and activities; the treatment of its members by the authorities, 30 April 2009
URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=452354
C.5.2. International Federation for Human Rights, Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders Annual Report 2007 - Democratic Republic of Congo, 19 June 2008
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486466703c.html C.5.3. World Organisation Against Torture, Les défenseurs des droits de l'home
stigmatisés pour leurs actions contre l'impunité, 6 juin 2008 URL : http://omct.org/index.php?id=OBS&lang=fr&actualPageNumber=2&articleSet=Press&articleId=7835&PHPSESSID=0322bf726e15f330f384aa88b9693fce
C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights C.6.1. Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland, Democratic Republic of Congo:
Recent information on treatment afforded to Banyamulenge Tutsis by State agents and non-State agents in the DRC, particularly eastern DRC, 20 March 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49d095170.html
C.6.2. Minority Rights Group International, The Right to Learn: Batwa Education in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, 12 December 2008 URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/7583/reports/the-right-to-learn-batwa-education-in-the-great-lakes-region-of-africa.html
C.6.3. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: Treatment of Congolese Tutsis (Banyamulenge) from the East in the western and southern parts of the country, mainly in Kinshasa and Lubumbashi; whether Banyamulenge are specifically singled out by the general population and by government authorities because of their ties to the rebel movements for whom they are believed to be spies, 12 December 2005 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=449922
17
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.6.4. Minority Rights Group International, Batwa Pygmies of the Great Lakes Region, 1 June 2000
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/1056/reports/batwa-pygmies-of-the-great-lakes-region.html
C.6.5. Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Democratic Republic of the Congo Overview
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/5082/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/democratic-republic-of-the-congo-overview.html
C.6.6. Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Democratic Republic of the Congo - Banyarwanda
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/5077/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/banyarwanda.html
C.6.7. Minority Rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Democratic Republic of the Congo - Batwa and Bambuti
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/5090/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/batwa-and-bambuti.html
C.6.8. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Democratic Republic of the Congo – Kasaians of Luba origin
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/5078/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/kasaians-of-luba-origin.html
C.6.9. World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples: Democratic Republic of the Congo – Ngbandi
URL: http://www.minorityrights.org/5088/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/ngbandi.html
C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief C.7.1. United States Department of State, Congo, Democratic Republic of the –
International Religious Freedom Report 2008, 19 September 2008 URL: http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108362.htm
C.7.2. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Treatment of members of the Army of Victory church and the Save the Congo movement by government authorities since the arrest and conviction of Pastor Kutino in May 2006, 25 March 2008
URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=452052
18
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression; Media Issues C.8.1. Reporters Without Borders, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Bukavu,
murder city - an investigation into the murders of journalists in the capital of Sud-Kivu, 18 March 2009 URL: http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_bukavu_eng.pdf
C.8.2. Reporters Without Borders, Government suspends French public radio broadcasts in northeast, 7 May 2009 URL: http://www.rsf.org/Government-suspends-French-public.html
C.8.3. Committee to Protect Journalists, Two radio stations shut down in DRC, 31 March 2009 URL: http://cpj.org/2009/03/two-radio-stations-shut-down-in-drc.php
C.8.4. Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 2008: Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 February 2009 URL: http://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-drc.php
C.8.5. Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2008 - Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa), 2 July 2008 URL: http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2008
C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit C.9.1. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo:
Whether authorization is required to exit the country; if so, the date this measure came into effect, the persons who require such authorization and the methods for obtaining it, 20 January 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=449917
C.10. Armed Forces; Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion
C.10.1. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, UPC Allegedly Recruited Kids as
Young as Five, 29 May 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=352887&apc_state=henh
C.10.2. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), In Brief: Fears over child soldiers, 22 April 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84043
19
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.10.3. UN News Centre, UN helps demobilize 880 children linked to armed groups in DR Congo, 4 March 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30087&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo&Kw1=armed+groups+in+DR+Congo&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.10.4. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Demobbed Child Soldiers Struggle to Adjust to Civilian Life, 17 February 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=350171&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Demobbed%20Child%20Soldiers%20Struggle%20to%20Adjust%20to%20Civilian%20Life
C.10.5. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DR Congo: group of Rwandan ex-militia still missing but repatriation continues, 11 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29863&Cr=monuc&Cr1=rwanda&Kw1=DR+Congo%3A+group+of+Rwandan+ex%2Dmilitia+&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.10.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Armed groups promise to release children, 9 February 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82821
C.10.7. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Father of Child Soldier Testifies, 6 February 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=349869&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Father%20of%20Child%20Soldier%20Testifies
C.10.8. UN News Centre, Over 200 children pulled from armed groups in DR Congo, UN says, 5 February 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29788&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo&Kw1=Over+200+children+pulled+from+&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.10.9. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: North Kivu operation a boost for repatriation, peace - president, 3 February 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82719
C.10.10. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Recruitment of child soldiers rising, 11 November 2008 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81406
C.10.11. UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 10 November 2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/492bbb042.html
C.10.12. Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 - Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 20 May 2008 URL: http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/content/congo-democratic-republic
C.10.13. Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, Democratic Republic of Congo: Consequences of deserting the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of
20
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
Congo (Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo, FARDC), including applicable sanctions, 26 January 2006 URL: http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=449926
C.11. Exclusion C.11.1. UN News Centre, Government, rebel atrocities uprooting civilians in eastern
DR Congo – UN, 22 May 2009 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30893&Cr=Democratic&Cr1=congo#
C.11.2. Human Rights Watch, DR Congo: Hold Army to account for War Crimes, 19 May 2009
URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/05/19/dr-congo-hold-army-account-war-crimes
C.11.3. UN Security Council, Letter dated 14 May 2009 from the Chairman of the Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council : interim report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 18 May 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a2d211ab.html
C.11.4. UN News Centre, DR Congo: UN mission deplores attack on civilians in volatile east, 13 May 2009
URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30790&Cr=democratic&Cr1=congo#
C.11.5. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Hutu Militia Rampages Across North Kivu, 11 May 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?p=acr&s=f&o=352422&apc_state=henpacr
C.11.6. UN News Centre, Fresh attacks by Hutu rebels lead to more displacement in DR Congo – UN, 20 March 2009
URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30244&Cr=FDLR&Cr1=
C.11.7. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, The Ntaganda Controversy, 16 March 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=351010&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Ntaganda%20Controversy
C.11.8. Human Rights Watch, DR Congo: Militia Leader Guilty in Landmark Trial, 10 March 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/03/10/dr-congo-militia-leader-guilty-landmark-trial
C.11.9. Human Rights Watch, Renewed Crisis in North Kivu, 23 October 2007 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/10/22/renewed-crisis-north-kivu
C.11.10. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Tormented by the LRA in the north-east, 11 February 2009
URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82872
21
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
C.11.11. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Kabila Security Forces Facing Probe, 4 February 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=349840&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Kabila%20Security%20Forces%20Facing%20Probe
C.11.12. Human Rights Watch, DRC: ICC’s First Trial Focuses on Child Soldiers, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/22/drc-icc-s-first-trial-focuses-child-soldiers
C.11.13. Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Lubanga Trial a Landmark Case, 23 January 2009 URL: http://www.iwpr.net/?s=f&o=349431&p=acr&l=EN&apc_state=hena-Lubanga%20Trial%20a%20Landmark%20
C.11.14. Human Rights Watch, DR Congo: LRA Slaughters 620 in ‘Christmas Massacres’, 17 January 2009
URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/17/dr-congo-lra-slaughters-620-christmas-massacres
C.11.15. UN News Centre, Ugandan rebels killed over 500 in eastern DR Congo, reports UN agency, 13 January 2009
URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=29525&Cr=Congo&Cr1=LRA&Kw1=Ugandan+rebels+killed+over+500+in+eastern+DR+Congo&Kw2=&Kw3=#
C.11.16. Human Rights Watch, Taking on the crisis in Congo, 20 November 2008 URL: http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/20/taking-crisis-congo
D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
D.1 Early Warning; Conflict Prevention D.1.1 UN Security Council, Letter from the Permanent Representative of Zambia
to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council transmitting the text of the Ceasefire Agreement and annexes, 23 July 1999
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49997afb5.html
D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social Rights D.2.1. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), DRC: Toxic toad scam
killing patients, 13 May 2009 URL: http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84354
D.2.2. Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland, Democratic Republic of Congo: Information on treatment of mental health. Information on health care, 19 January 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49b91fd42.html
22
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
D.2.3. UN News Service, Albino people in DR Congo suffer discrimination and exclusion - UN agency, 8 August 2008 URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=27647&Cr=drc&Cr1=&Kw1=Albino+people+in+DR+Congo+suffer+discrimination+and+exclusion&Kw2=&Kw3=
D.3 Miscellaneous N/A
D.4 Suggested Websites and Further Reading D.4.1 UNHCR Country Page - Democratic Republic of the Congo
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e45c366.html
D.4.2 MONUC, United Nations Organization Mission in DR Congo URL: http://monuc.unmissions.org
D.4.3 United Nations Office of The High Commissioner for Human Rights Country Page - Democratic Republic of the Congo URL: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/countries/AfricaRegion/Pages/ZRIndex.aspx
D.4.4 UNICEF, Democratic Republic of the Congo URL: http://www.unicef.org/drcongo/french
D.4.5 République Démocratique de Congo, Le Président de la République URL: http://www.presidentrdc.cd/accueil.html
D.4.6 ReliefWeb, Democratic Republic of the Congo URL: http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm&rc=1&cc=cod
D.4.7 UN News Centre, News Focus: DR of Congo URL: http://www.un.org/apps/news/infocusRel.asp?infocusID=120&Body=Democratic&Body1=Congo
D.4.8 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) Country Page - Democratic Republic of the Congo URL: http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpCountries)/554559DA500C8588802570A7004A96C7?opendocument&count=10000
D.4.9 International Crisis Group Country Page - DR Congo URL: http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1174&l=1
D.4.10 International Federation for Human Rights Country Page - Democratic Republic of Congo URL: http://www.fidh.org/-Democratic-Republic-of-Congo-
23
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division of International Protection Services
D.4.11 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in the Democratic Republic of Congo URL: http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/congo_kinshasa
D.4.12 International Criminal Court, Situations and Cases : Democratic Republic of the Congo URL: http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Situations+and+Cases/Situations/Situation+ICC+0104
D.4.13 Agence Congolaise de Presse (ACP) URL : http://www.acpcongo.cd
D.4.14 L’Observateur, Quotidien d’Informations Générales en RD Congo URL: http://www.lobservateur.cd
D.4.15 L’Avenir URL: http://www.groupelavenir.cd
D.4.16 Le Potentiel URL: http://www.lepotentiel.com
D.4.17 La Référence URL: http://groupelareference.afrikart.net
D.4.18 Radio Okaipi, MONUC Fondation Hirondelle URL: http://www.radiookapi.net
D.4.19 Top Congo FM URL: http://www.topcongo.info
D.4.20 Congo on Line URL: http://www.congonline.com
D.4.21 Afrik.com, Country page – RDC URL: http://www.afrik.com/rdc
D.4.22 Commission Electorale Indépendante (CEI) RDC URL: http://www.cei-rdc.cd
D.4.23 Afrique Index.com, Country page – République Démocratique du Congo, RDC URL: http://www.afriqueindex.com/Pays/Congo-rdc.htm
24
![1981 Budget Reductions Summary – Briefing Book, 3/7/80 · PDF file[1981 Budget Reductions Summary – Briefing Book, 3/7/80] Folder Citation: Collection: Office of Staff Secretary;](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5a78a26e7f8b9ae91b8d314c/1981-budget-reductions-summary-briefing-book-3780-1981-budget-reductions.jpg)
![10/7/78 President's Trip to Elkins, WV [Briefing Book] · 2016-03-30 · 10/7/78 President’s Trip to Elkins, WV [Briefing Book] Folder ... Office of Staff Secretary; Series: Presidential](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5b49188a7f8b9ab1228b52f3/10778-presidents-trip-to-elkins-wv-briefing-book-2016-03-30-10778.jpg)
