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Understanding life processes
Wildlife Biology & Ecosystems
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed!
HS‐LS2‐1. Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on quantitative analysis and comparison of the relationships among interdependent factors including boundaries, resources, climate and competition. Examples of mathematical comparisons could include graphs, charts, histograms, and population changes gathered from simulations or historical data sets.
Bell Work / Objectives
Explain important life processes of wildlife organisms.
Describe the life span stages of wildlife.
Distinguish between feeding groups. Describe how ecosystems are
important in wildlife biology.
Terms Abiotic factor Biophage Biotic factor Carnivore Circulation Digestion Ecosystem Elimination Food
Food chain Food web Growth Herbivore Ingestion Life processes Life span Locomotion omnivore
Terms
Photosynthesis Reproduction Respiration Saprophage Secretion Sensation
Age of a Tree
How is the age of a tree determined?
Estimate the age of this tree.
How does a tree’s age reflect the life cycle of the tree?
Observe a fish scale. What are the “layered
edges” of a fish scale? Are the layers present?
What are the life processes of wildlife organisms? Why are these important?
Life Processes – essential functions of a living organism in order to remain in the living condition. Supporting life processes is a part of
managing wildlife populations. When life processes stop, an organism dies. There are eight life processes used in
wildlife science.
The 8 Life Processes Growth Food (Ingestion, Digestion, Elimination) Circulation Respiration Secretion Sensation Locomotion Reproduction
Life Processes - Growth
The process of an organism increasing in size by adding cells, by the cells getting larger, or by replacing cells. With young organisms, growth is primarily
adding cells to increase size. With mature organisms, growing new cells is
needed to replace those that are lost. Growth requires food with essential
nutrients.
Life Processes - Food
Any substance that nourishes an organism
Animals get their food by swallowing, otherwise known as ingestion.
Once ingested, digestion occurs. Digestion – process that changes food into
forms that can be absorbed by the animal.
Life Processes - Food
After digestion, elimination occurs. Elimination – remaining food materials
are expelled from the body. (waste)
Plants make their food by the process of photosynthesis.
Life Processes - Circulation
Movement of substances within an organism Food nutrients, digested food, and
other substances are involved in circulation.
Animals have a circulatory system that involves the heart, and blood vessels.
Life Processes - Respiration
Process by which an organism provides its cells with food and oxygen. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the
two primary substances important in respiration.
Animals use structures, such as lungs and gills, for respiration.
Life Processes - Secretion
Production within an organism of substances needed for life processes. Specialized body structures, known as
glands, are often responsible for secretion of hormones or have other specific functions.
Life Processes - Sensation
Ability of an organism to feel or otherwise gather information and respond to its environment. Animal’s sensation is easier to
understand than plants. Animals typically have touch, taste,
sight, smell, and hearing.
Life Processes - Locomotion
The movement of an animal from one place to another. All organisms have some type of
movement. Both internal and external. Internal movements are needed for an
organism to carry out life processes.
Life Processes – Reproduction
Process by which organisms give rise to new organisms of the same species. This is not a life process that is
essential for living; however it is essential for a species to perpetuate itself.
Reproduction may involve sexual or asexual reproduction.
What are the life span stages of wildlife?
Life Span The period of life of an organism
which includes five stages. Beginning / Birth Growth & Development Maturity Decline Death
5 Life Span Stages
The first stage is the Beginning/Birth With animals, life span
begins with birth or hatching. Most animal babies require
some support from their mothers, although some can live without care provided.
5 Life Span Stages
The second stage is Growth & Development. New organisms grow and
develop rapidly to reach maturity.
If nutritious food is available in an organism’s environment, they will typically grow even faster.
5 Life Span Stages
The third stage is Maturity. Mature organisms are
fully developed, although some additional growth or changes may occur.
Maturity includes the ability to reproduce.
5 Life Span Stages The fourth stage is
Decline Eventually, organisms
begin to lose their ability to maintain themselves, and aging sets in.
Life processes may occur at a slower rate and the organisms loses its strength and weakens.
5 Life Span Stages The fifth stage is Death.
Death is the end of the life of an organism.
The protoplasm in its cells is no longer active.
Upon death, an organism decays and the nutrients return to the earth to support future life.
What are the different feeding groups?
There are two ways feeding groups are classified.
Feeding groups can be classified by whether what they eat is living or dead.
Feeding groups can also be based on food material that they eat.
Classification based on food that is living or dead.
Biophage – wildlife animal that eats living plants or animals.
Saprophage – wildlife animal that eats dead animals or plants. They are sometimes known as
scavengers. (turkey vulture)
Classification based on food material.
Herbivore – wildlife animal that eats only plant food material.
Carnivore – wildlife animal that eats only the flesh of other animals. Carnivores are usually the larger animals that prey on the smaller animals.
Omnivore – wildlife animal that eats both plant and animal material.
What is an ecosystem? How are they important in wildlife biology?
Ecosystem – the community of living and nonliving things in a particular environment or area. Ecosystems may be large or small and
include air, water, and land. Ecosystems are always changing. If a
drastic change occurs, an organism is forced ot seek a new place to live or it dies.
What are the two major factors in an ecosystem?
Biotic Factors – a living organism, such as an animal or plant. Biotic factors depend on the abiotic factors for life-giving needs.
Abiotic Factors – nonliving things, such as water, sunlight, and soil. Without abiotic factors, organisms cannot live.
Ecosystems
Ecosystems have an organized energy transfer system. A Food Chain is the sequence in a
community in which animal wildlife species get their food. All species have different food chains.
The differences in the food chains form unique, interconnected food webs.
Review / Summary
What are the life processes of wildlife organisms?
Why are they important? What are the life span stages of wildlife? What are the different feeding groups? What is an ecosystem? How are they important in wildlife biology?
The End!