UNCLASSIFIED

The Overall Classification of this Briefing is: UNCLASSIFIED

Maritime Domain Awareness

Asia Pacific Heads of Maritime Safety Agencies9th Forum

Commander Jim Robbins, U.S. Coast Guard HeadquartersApril 2006

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Contents

• Transnational Challenges

• MDA Concept

• International MDA Cooperative Initiatives

• Challenging Issues

• Proposed Way Ahead

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Maritime Domain AwarenessThe Challenge

Terrorists use smuggling routes for:• Attack operations• Logistics• Revenue generation

All countries must have global maritime awareness to deny Terrorists use of the seas

World Trade• 10,000 cargo destinations• Over 5 billion tons/year trade• $4 Trillion (US) /year• 95% of maritime trade travels

through 9 chokepoints

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Global Challenges to Maritime Security

• Terrorism• Organized crime• Piracy• Drug smuggling • Human smuggling and

slavery• Illegal weapons

movement/proliferation

• Exclusive Economic Zone (resource) exploitation

• Illegal fishing• Trade disruption• Illegal migration • Search and Rescue• Environmental attack

Nations find their well-being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Security

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The effective understanding of anything associated with the global Maritime Domain that could impact security, safety, economy, or the environment

MDA MDA Defined

Defense

Maritime Safety, Commercial Interests,

Environmental Protection

Security

MaritimeDomain

Awareness

Maritime Homeland Security(DHS-led: USCG)

Maritime Homeland Defense(DoD-led: USNORTHCOM)

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Foundation for Global MDA

IndividualNations

Territorial WatersHarbors

Ports

Exclusive Economic Zone

ApproachesRegional Waters

Boundary “Seams”

Regional Security Initiatives

GlobalHigh Seas

International AgreementsContainer Security Initiative

Proliferation Security InitiativeLRIT, ISPS, AIS Carriage

Regional AssociationsMALSINDO

North Pacific ForumEuropean Union

NATO

Boundary “Seams”

Boundary “Seams”

Maritime Safety & Security

SurveillanceReporting

Responding

Int’l Straits

Archipelagic Waters

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International MDA Initiatives

• Security & Prosperity Partnership• SAFESEANET• Equasis• Virtual – Regional Maritime Traffic Center• North Pacific Coast Guard Forum• Malaccan Straits• Vessel Reporting Systems• Vessel Monitoring Systems

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Security & Prosperity Partnership

• March 2005 heads of state for U.S., Canada, and Mexico agreed to create SPP

• June 2005 work plan published with 10 goals– Traveler Security– Cargo Security– Border Facilitation– Aviation Security– Maritime Security– Law Enforcement Cooperation– Intelligence Cooperation– Bioprotection– Protection, Prevention and Response– Science and Technology

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Security Prosperity PartnershipGoal 5 / Maritime Security

DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, CBSA, DFO/CCG, FAC, DOJ, NRCan

DOT, DOD, DOSSEMAR

TCDHSSCT

North American Maritime Security Working Group

6 months5.1.1 Create a North American Maritime Transportation Security Working Group to lead and coordinate these activities (trilateral)

Objective 5.1:Port and Vessel Security: Collaborate in the enhancement of security of our ports and vessels through the conduct of equivalent threat,

vulnerability and risk assessments, and mutually recognized audit programs (dual binational

Goal 5:Develop and implement a strategy to enhance North American maritime transportation and port security

Supporting Lead ForumTimelineDeliverable

DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, CBSA, DFO/CCG, FAC, DOJ, NRCan

DOT, DOD, DOSSEMAR

TCDHSSCT

North American Maritime Security Working Group

6 months5.1.1 Create a North American Maritime Transportation Security Working Group to lead and coordinate these activities (trilateral)

Objective 5.1:Port and Vessel Security: Collaborate in the enhancement of security of our ports and vessels through the conduct of equivalent threat,

vulnerability and risk assessments, and mutually recognized audit programs (dual bi-national)

Goal 5:Develop and implement a strategy to enhance North American maritime transportation and port security

Supporting Lead ForumTimelineDeliverable

DND, PSEPC, RCMP, CSIS, CBSA, DFO/CCG, FAC, DOJ, NRCanDOT, DODSHCP (AGA), SRE, PGR, SCT

TCDHSSEMAR

Canada-U.S. Maritime Security WGMexico-U.S. Maritime Security Working Group

12 months

12 months24 months

24 months

33 months

12 months

5.2.3 Develop and implement plans to collaborate on maritime domain awareness (MDA) including identifying:- Common understandings of MDA priorities, duplications,gaps and opportunities for improvements- Immediate improvements to MDA- Collaborative MDA strategies and longer term plans(Canada-U.S.)- A joint protocol for dealing with foreign vessels plying onecountry’s waters but bound for the other country’s port(s) ininstances where such vessels are considered/suspected ofbeing a threat (U.S.-Mexico)- Strategies for long range tracking of vessels and enhancedcoastal tracking of small vessels on international voyages(dual binational)- Possible options for improved interoperability in maritime communications of both sea and air units of Mexico’s Navyand the U.S. Coast Guard/U.S. Navy (U.S.-Mexico)

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European Union’s SAFESEANET

Objective: Facilitate Communication among Competent Authorities at local/regional level and central authorities to:

Prevent accidents and pollution

Implement EU safety legislation

Collect & Disseminate Maritime Data

Harmonize the exchange of data

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SAFESEANET – How it Works

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Equasis

• Electronic Quality Ship Information System• Global Port State Control information• MOU originally signed by :

– European Commission– France– Singapore– Spain– United Kingdom– US Coast Guard– Japan

• Expanding to include Indian Ocean regional participants

• Private sector participation is voluntary

Brings together scattered bits of information and provides

users with a complete perspective of a ship’s

characteristics and management

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Equasis Providers

• Port State Control Regimes – (Paris MOU, Tokyo MOU, USCG)

• Private inspections • IACS Classification Societies• International Group of P&I Clubs • Other P&I Club(s) • Green Award• Intertanko• Intercargo• International Ship Managers' Association (ISMA) • International Labour Organization • International Transport Workers' Federation • Lloyd's Register Fairplay

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The Italian Navy’s V-RMTC (Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre)

INFORMATION EXCHANGE REQUIREMENTS• MOVEMENTS TO/FROM NATIONAL PORTS

• daily reports from each NOC to CINCNAV• daily summary from CINCNAV to all NOCs

• POSITIONS AT SEA (when available) • LINERS AND MERCHANT VESSELS ONLY

(NO FERRIES, FISHING AND SAILING BOATS), GROSS TONNAGE 300 TONS OR ABOVE

PARTICIPANTS (25 NATIONS)

ALBANIA, ALGERIA, BULGARIA, CROATIA,

CYPRUS, EGYPT, FRANCE, GERMANY,

GREECE, ISRAEL, ITALY, JORDAN, MALTA,

MAURITANIA, MOROCCO, PORTUGAL,

ROMANIA, RUSSIA, SERBIA and MONTENEGRO,

SLOVENIA, SPAIN, TUNISIA, TURKEY, UK, USA

THE ITALIAN ROLE• PARTICIPATION IN UN,

NATO AND EU FORA• DEVELOPMENT OF BI-

MULTILATERAL TIES• REGIONAL SEAPOWER

SYMPOSIUM AS• AN IDEAL FRAMEWORK

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US UnitsNATO Units

Message

NMCISNATO’s GCCS

NATOShipping CentreNorthwood, UK

Volunteer Reporting

Fleet ForcesCommand

RegionalNavy GCCS

Text DataTrack

Ship Data: Name, Call Sign, IMO Number, Cargo, etc…Voyage Data: Origin, destination, intermediate stop, etc…

Intel AnalysisData Correlation

Coordination/Reporting

Operation Active Endeavor

Private Sector

V-RMTCRome, IT

InternationalMilitary

V-RMTC (Virtual Regional Maritime Traffic Centre)

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V-RMTC Pilot Project

A VIRTUAL NETWORK CONNECTING NAVAL OPERATIONAL CENTRES OF THE ADHERING NATIONS

PART OF AN INTEGRATED REGIONAL INTERAGENCY STRATEGY

A DUPLICATION OF EXISTING ORGANIZATIONS

AN INTELLIGENCE NET

A NATO-RELATED AGENCY (NON RELEASABILITY OF INFORMATION TO NATO AS AN ORGANIZATION, ONLY TO NATO MEMBERS ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS)

WHAT V-RMTC IS NOT:

WHAT V-RMTC IS :

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Sample Report

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North Pacific Coast Guard Forum

Maritime Information Exchange

using North Pacific Heads of

Coast Guard Automated System• Encrypted exchange among

participant’s command centers• Validated during August 2005

Exercise • Sighting information, track

data, vessel information, imagery, and crew data were passed

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Sample NPHCGAS Screen

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Malacca Straits

• Cooperative Maritime Awareness Advance Concept Technology Deployment

• MALSINDO• Regional Cooperation

Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships

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Cooperative Maritime Awareness Project

PACOM•COP Fusion

Regional C2 Centre•Regional multi-source

fusionNMCC Other

COCOMs

Current COP Feeds

SpecialDOD Sources

SpecialDOS Sources

SpecialDOC Sources

Other

Regional MilSources

Regional non-Mil• Port Authority

• Law Enforcement• Customs

• Etc.Military/

InteragencyResponders

RegionalResponders

CENTRIX/APAN

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Vessel Reporting Systems

Global MDA for Search and Rescue• AMVER

• India– INDSAR– ISLEREP

• Japan– JASREP

• New Zealand

Regional MDA for Search and Rescue• Australia

– AUSREP– REEFREP

• Chile– CHILREP

• China– CHRISREP

• Republic of Korea– KOSREP

• Russia

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Vessel Monitoring Systems

International exchange of data for fisheries enforcement

VMS ImplementedAustraliaCanada

EUJapan

New ZealandRussia

South AfricaUnited States

Regional Fisheries Bodies (RFBs)Management Bodies (incorporating VMS)

North Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)

Management BodiesNorth Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC)

Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)

Advisory BodiesSouth Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA)

VMS PlannedArgentina

ChileChina

PanamaPeru

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Challenging Issues

• Policy Legal Proprietary Risk/benefit Intra-government

• Technology Cost

• Means Bi-lateral Agreements Multi-lateral International Conventions

International Information Sharing Poses Some Challenging Issues

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APHMSA MDA Way Ahead

Shape vision with fellow members Identify common mission areas Pursue bilateral solutions Follow with multilateral or forum-wide

protocols Start small, build trust, and expand

Prototype Information sharing Agreement w/ Chilevessel departure information

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Proposed IMO LRIT Amendment

• COMSAR 10 (March 2006)– Completed Performance

Standards & Functional Requirements for LRIT

• LRIT Issues for MSC 81 (10-19 May)– Port, Coastal, Flag State– Distance for Coastal State

Tracking– Approval of Performance

Standards & Functional Requirements

– Adoption of Amendment

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Proposed LRIT System Architecture