UKCCSC Meeting March 2006 Edinburgh

Theme 3 CCS and the Environment

C.1 Marine Ecosystem Models Blackford, (PML)Marine system models to quantify and predict ecosystem affects of acidification.

C.2 Laboratory Mesocosms Widdicombe, (PML)Investigate impact on biodiversity, animal health, bioavailability and speciation of contaminants

C.3 Natural Analogues Rees, (PML) and in collaboration with Theme B Investigate potential analogues to determine relevance of natural seepage and seek funding if appropriate

C.4 Scientific Literature Turley (PML), Colls (Nottingham) Access all appropriate scientific information

C.5 Field experiments Colls (Nottingham)Identify responses to terrestrial leaks

C.6 Socio-economics Austen (PML) and in collaboration with Theme D Environmental/society interaction and policy implications

C.7 Networking Turley (PML) and Colls (Nottingham) Facilitate internal and external information exchange including policy makers

           

C.1 Marine Ecosystem ModelsWe have recruited a modeller to work specifically on the TSEC project

We have continued tuning the model parameterisation.

This initial work describing the model set up and some initial sensitivities is now accepted for publication in the Journal of Marine Systems, due out during 2006.

A synopsis of the work will be presented at EGU 2006 in poster form (session on ocean acidification).

We are planning a modelling workshop on acidification, with a view to improving model descriptions of a range of pH affects and creating potential research synergies. This benefits from separate NERC funding. Significant interest from some key European researchers has already been noted.

We are currently investigating the sensitivity of production rates and community structure to carbon limitation. It has been broadly accepted that this is inconsequential. Our (initial) results indicate not.

Next stages: Develop a high resolution physical model (~50m horizontal resolution) to assess the early phase and local impact of leakage.

Develop models of the impacts noted in mesocosm studies

Spring bloom biomass 0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Jan Feb Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec

Net

Prim

ary

Prod

uctio

n (m

g C

d-1

) No CO2 sensitivity

Y2000

WCS

No CO2 sensitivity

25%

41%

1%

33%

Y2000

30%

14%54%

2%

WCS

27%

16%

57%

0.5% Diatoms

Flagellates

Picoplankton

Coccolithophores

Water pump for circulation

Control box

pH & temp sensor

CO2 gasRegulator

LAN / internet

connection

Natural seawater

Acidified seawater

PML seawater acidification experimental facility

C.2 Laboratory Mesocosms

Other experiments

Biogeochemistry – nutrient flux, denitrification, sediment nutrient concentrations, pH profiles, bacterial productivity, CN.3 sediment types – 3 times a year, pH levels – 8, 7.6, 7.2, 6.5

Biodiversity – 2 sediment types – 2 exposure links, pH levels – 8, 7.3, 6.5 & 5.6

Sediment pH profiles

Sediments are effective at internal buffering of overlying pH changes

Sandy sediments differ in their optimal pH to muddy sediments

Dep

th, c

m

Mud

-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101

6 7 8 9

Control 7.7

7.3 6.5

Muddy sand

-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101

6 7 8 9

Control 7.7

7.3 6.5

Sand

-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101

6 7 8 9

Control 7.7

7.3 6.5

Bio zone

Brittle Star EggspH 8.0

pH 7.6

pH 7.2

pH 6.8

Mature eggs

Developing eggs

Degenerating eggs

Adults are important cod food

pH 7.9 pH 7.3

Heart Urchin, Gut epithelium.

gut

body

Larvae are important part of the meroplankton

C.2 Laboratory Mesocosms

The worm Nereis virens and the urchins Brissopsis lyrifera and Echinocardium cordatum are important species for ecosystem functioning as their activities change the rate at which nutrients moves between the sediment and overlying water.

By building and irrigating their burrows, worms significantly increase the movement of nitrate into the sediment whilst burrowing heart urchins significantly reduce the movement of nitrate into the sediment.

Nereis virens appears resistant to large changes in seawater pH. The heart urchins Brissopsis lyrifera and Echinocardium

cordatum are vulnerable to even small changes in seawater pH.Final flux rates represent a balance between the effects of these

co-occurring groups.This balance will change in response to decreased seawater pH.

Green Shore Crab

Carcinus maenas

Chemical cue

Edible Periwinkle

Littorina littorea

HELP!There are crabs in this

habitat, I must thicken my shell

Acidification may also have indirect effects of on marine organisms

In a future ocean where the availability of bicarbonate ions are reduced, snails may be less able to thicken their shells and could therefore be more vulnerable to predation.

Collaborative project between University of Plymouth (Polly Cleall-Harding, Ruth Bibby, Simon Rundle and John Spicer) and Plymouth Marine Laboratory (Steve Widdicombe)

C.3 Natural Analogues

Possibility of participation in GeoNet initiative

Possible site in Italy, Panarea, may be too shallow

Investigations ongoing

C.4 Scientific Literature

Short literature reviews on the environmental impacts of CO2 release

Marine Terrestial

Due in May

C.5 Field experiments

C.6 Socio-economics

Formation of marine Reference User Group (M-RUG), Sept 2005.

First meeting 14 June 2006 in Plymouth Hartley Anderson Ltd DEFRA DTI EA BGSSNH Greenpeace BP WWF UKCIP Rio Tino/E3GEEA RSoc

Formation of Terrestrial Advisory Group (TAG) due July 2006.

C.7 NetworkingCurrently in NZ talking on OA alongside a virtual Tony Blair13 Mar: Live Radio Interview BBC Cornwall OA and shellfish13 Mar: Interview Nathan Budd BBC 2hr programme on CC w.

David Attenborough Interview/advice10-11 Mar: Jonhanan Leake Display page for Sunday Times article

on OA24 Feb: Sunday Times, Jonathon Leak, Interview – OA21 Feb: GECC, London, Presentation and Q on OA30 Jan: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Book Launch, Royal

Society30 Jan: Interview w. Marian Osullivan NERC Newsdesk26 Jan: NERC Energy SR2007 bid, Presentation, development of

science area10 Jan: Marine Conservation in Europe 2006. “Climate change,

Surface Ocean Acidification and their impacts on European seas" Laffoley, Hawkins and Turley. EU, Submitted paper at meeting,

4-6 Oct 05: Climate Change Workshop “Tipping Points in the Earth System”, British Embassy. Government initiative as part of the UK Presidency of the EU, Berlin ,Invited participant at workshop: Contribution to paper arising from the workshop

C.7 NetworkingSteve Widdicombe gave evidence to English Nature Council on 13th-14th March 2006.

Mike Kendall gave an invited talk at the “Britain in Norway” symposium organised by the British embassy in Bergen, 11th-14th October 2005. “The potential environmental impacts of CO2 sequestration in the North Sea”.

Hazel Needham presented a poster “The environmental impacts of CO2 release on marine systems following carbon sequestration” during the “SET for Britain” meeting held at the Houses of Parliament, 13th March 2006.

Steve Widdicombe attended a “Communicating Climate Change” workshop at the BBC television centre (26th January 2006). The aim of the workshop was to provide expert opinion to the BBC on subjects relating to climate change and how the BBC could best fulfil its commitment to public communication and education.

Steve Widdicombe will present evidence at the “Meeting of the Scientific Group Intersessional Technical Working Group on CO2 Sequestration within the framework of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter, 1972.” (3rd – 7th April 2006).

Jerry Blackford gave a presentation to the University of York Environment Dept faculty and met with the Stockholm Environment Institute (November 2005).

Summary

On target, no problems