UHPC 101 - PennDOT · PDF fileAn Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete. UHPC 101. ... UHPC State-of-the-Art Report. 2. ... discontinuous internal fiber reinforcement

UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017

Ben Graybeal, Ph.D., P.E.Team Leader – Bridge Engineering ResearchU.S. Federal Highway [email protected]

Mid-Atlantic Quality Assurance Workshop – February 2017

An Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete

UHPC 101


• FHWA HRT-13-060– Published in June 2013– 300+ references– 600+ item bibliography

Mix Designs, Material Properties, Design Guidelines, Deployment, etc.

UHPC State-of-the-Art Report

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FHWA UHPC Web Resources

• Web Search: FHWA UHPC• https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/research/resources/uhpc/

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UHPC Deployments Across US and Canada

http://usdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=41929767ce164eba934d70883d775582

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UHPC Deployments Across US and Canada


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What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?

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What is Ultra-High Performance Concrete?Fiber Reinforcement

Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Particle PackingTheory

Superplasticizers

Nist.gov American Coal Ash Association

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• ACI 239 – Ultra-High Performance Concrete– Concrete, ultra-high performance - concrete that

has a minimum specified compressive strength of 150 MPa (22,000 psi) with specified durability, tensile ductility and toughness requirements; fibers are generally included to achieve specified requirements.

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• FHWA– UHPC is a cementitious composite material

composed of an optimized gradation of granular constituents, a water-to-cementitious materials ratio less than 0.25, and a high percentage of discontinuous internal fiber reinforcement. The mechanical properties of UHPC include compressive strength greater than 21.7 ksi(150 MPa) and sustained post-cracking tensile strength greater than 0.72 ksi (5 MPa).

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Highly durable, strain-hardening concrete

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Micro-Reinforced Concrete

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Resilient Cementitious Composite

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Availability of UHPC-Class MaterialsExample Proprietary Versions Non-Proprietary Versions

FHWA-HRT-13-100: Dr. Kay Willie at UCONN

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Example Composition of a UHPC

Constituent Amount (lb/yd3) Amount (kg/m3)Portland Cement 1235 733Silica Fume 388 230Ground Quartz 308 183Fine Sand 1699 1008Steel Fibers 327 194Superplasticizer 56 33Water 271 161

* Teichmann and Schmidt report titled “Mix Design and Durability of UHPC”from the Proceedings of the 4th Intl Ph.D. Symposium in Civil Engineering

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Example Composition of a UHPC

Constituent Amount (lb/yd3) Amount (kg/m3)Portland Cement 1331 790Silica Fume 334 198Fly Ash (Class F) 324 192Fine Basalt 1923 1141Steel Fibers 199 118Superplasticizer 47 28Water 246 146

* Wille and Boisvert-Cotulio report titled “Development of Non-ProprietaryUHPC for Use in the Highway Bridge Sector” (FHWA NTIS-PB2013-100587)

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Fiber Reinforcement

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Compression Behavior

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0.0025 0.005 0.0075 0.01

Axia

l Str

ess

(ksi

)

Axial Strain (in/in)

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Tensile Behavior

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.61.8

2

0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01

Aver

age

Axia

l Str

ess

(ksi

)

Average Axial Strain (in/in)

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Tensile Behavior

0.0

2.8

5.5

8.3

11.0

13.8

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

Aver

age

Axia

l Str

ess (

MPa

)

Aver

age

Axia

l Str

ess (

ksi)

Average Axial Strain

D

• 2% Steel Fiber Reinforcement• 13 ksi ≤ fc’ ≤ 16 ksi

EB

A

C

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Tensile Behavior

0.0

2.8

5.5

8.3

11.0

13.8

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.010

Aver

age

Axia

l Str

ess (

MPa

)

Aver

age

Axia

l Str

ess (

ksi)

Average Axial Strain

D (4%)

• 13 ksi ≤ fc’ ≤ 19 ksi

E (3.25%)

B (3.25%)

A (3%)

C (4.5%)

D (3%)

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Tensile Behavior

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Compression Strength Gain

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (k

si)

Days after Mix Initiation

105F (40C)73F (23C)50F (10C)

Curing Regime

13 14 1527 28 290.0

34.5

68.9

103.4

137.9

172.4

55 56 57

Com

pres

sive

Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

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Interface Bond

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Tens

ile S

tres

s at

Bon

d Fa

ilure

(ksi

)

Age of UHPC During Test: 14-Days

U-A

U-B

Load Load

Supports

Interface

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Shrinkage Behavior

-1200

-1000

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Auto

geno

us d

efor

mat

ion

(µε)

Time (days)

U-D

U-C

U-A

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Durability

USACE Facility at Treat Island

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UHPC Permeability

• Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient

2 x 10-11 m2/s for conventional concrete

2 x 10-12 m2/s for HPC

2 x 10-13 m2/s for UHPC

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Durability

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

28 days 56 daysAge

Cha

rged

Pas

sed

(Cou

lom

bs)

U-A

U-C

U-D

U-E

95

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Rel

ativ

e D

ynam

ic M

odul

us o

f Ela

stic

ity (%

)

Cycles

U-A

U-E

U-B

U-C

RCPT – ASTM C1212 Freeze-Thaw – ASTM C666

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Bond to Steel Reinforcing Bars

cso

2csils ld

LoadTest Bar

#8 Bars

UHPCStrip

020406080

100120140160180200

Bar

Stre

ss a

t Bon

d Fa

ilure

, fs,

max

(ksi

)

Gr. 120 Bars (Uncoated) Side Cover : cso = 3db

Embedment Length: ld = 8db

Splice Length: ls = 6.4db

Manufacturer-Recommend Fiber Vol.

U-AU-B

U-C

U-DU-E

1 ksi = 6.89 MPa

EXAMPLE RESULT

TEST CONFIGURATION

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UHPC Properties: Some Ballpark Values

• Compressive Strength – 18 to 35 ksi• Modulus of Elasticity – 6000 to 8000 ksi• Sustained Tensile Capacity – 0.9 to 1.5 ksi• Interface Bond – Can surpass substrate tensile strength• Permeability – 100x less than conventional concrete• Freeze/Thaw Resistance – RDM > 95%• Rebar Bond – 8db embedment can deliver yield

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UHPC Mixing

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UHPC Mixing

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UHPC Mixing

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UHPC Mixing

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UHPC Casting

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UHPC Casting

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UHPC Casting (Video)

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UHPC Casting (Video)

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UHPC Structural Design

Specifications Published• France• Switzerland

Development Underway• Canada• US

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Design and Construction ofUHPC Field-Cast Connections

• FHWA-HRT-14-084

• What is UHPC?• Example Connections• Structural Design• Construction• Quality Assurance• Deployments

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UHPC Structural Behavior

#5 Rebar Lap Splice

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Mars Hill Bridge

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Mars Hill Bridge

Iowa 45” Bulb Tee Modified Bulb Tee

2'-10"

3'-9"

31316"

612"

712"

2'-8"

3'-6"

21316"

412"

512"

SW ≈ 0.7 kip/ft SW ≈ 0.56 kip/ft

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π-Girder

• 33” depth spans 80’; weight = 932 lb/ft• Family of girders up to 47” depth

12 in.

R 5 in. R 8 in.R 5 in.

50.5 in.

33 in.

100 in.

5.2 in. 4 in.

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Mars Hill BridgeWapello County, Iowa

Jakway BridgeBuchanan County, Iowa


UHPC for Bridge Decks

Dahlonega Road Bridge in Wapello County, Iowa

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Footbridge – Marseille, France

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UHPC 101 Ben Graybeal, FHWA February 2017 www.vsl-ip.com

Foot Bridge of Peace – Seoul, South Korea


MuCEM – Marseille, France


Bourg-les-Valence




Pulaski SkywayNewark, New Jersey


Precast Deck Panel Connections

Pulaski SkywayNewark, New Jersey


Wikipedia Public Domain

Franklin Avenue BridgeMinneapolis, Minnesota

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Deck Panel Connections

Franklin Ave. BridgeMinneapolis, MN

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UHPC for Pile Foundations

10 in 2 in

11316 in

0.5" Dia. Strand

UHPC Pile Design – Vande Voort et al. 2008, Iowa State University

Without Taper With Taper –Minimize Driving

Stresses

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UHPC for Seismic Retrofit

Bruno Massicotte, Polytechnique Montreal

Image Credit:Proceedings, 2009 UHPFRC, Marseille

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UHPC Connection for Substructures

Hooper Road over US 17C in Union, New York

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Pier Column to Cap Connection

Hooper Road over Route 17CUnion, New York


UHPC for Replacing Failing Expansion Joints

SR 96 over I-86 near Owego, NY

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UHPC for Steel Girder Rehabilitation

UHPC

Concrete Deck

Studs UHPCSteel Girder

Photos from Rose & Picard, NYSDOT

Tested by Zmetra, 2015 at UCONN

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UHPC for Bridge Deck Rehabilitation

Chillon Viaduct near Lausanne, Switzerland

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Chillon Viaduct near Lausanne, Switzerland

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CR L over Mud Creek near Brandon, Iowa

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Resilient Cementitious Composite

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Capable Solutionfor Today’s Challenges

and Tomorrow’s Opportunities

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An Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete

UHPC 101

Documents

UHPC 101 - PennDOT · PDF fileAn Introduction to Ultra-High Performance Concrete. UHPC 101. ... UHPC State-of-the-Art Report. 2. ... discontinuous internal fiber reinforcement