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Ubiquitous Computing
Computers everywhere
Where are we going?
What happens when the input is your car pulls into the garage, and the output is the heat is turned up in the house, the hallway light is turned on, and the door is unlocked?
How would you design this? What are the usability metrics? How can you prototype and evaluate?
Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp)
Move beyond desktop machine
Computing is embedded everywhere in the environment
– Computing capabilities at any time, any place– Machines sense users presence and act accordingly
A new paradigm??– “everyware”, “off the desktop”, “out of the box”, pervasive,
invisible, calm, anytime/anywhere/any place, …
Computers become invisible
“The most profound technologies are those that disappear” – Mark Weiser
HCI: new focus on unobtrusiveness, invisibility– How do we make technology “vanish”?
http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/SciAmDraft3.html
Videos
http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/corporate/future/hokusai/index.html
Other older examples from NTT Docomo– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKchgm9Nslk– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae-Ssclu5A4– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eS0P16IyXOw
What interfaces did you see? How did users interact? What do you think of this vision?
Ubicomp is ...
Related to:– mobile computing– wearable computing– augmented reality
In contrast with:– virtual reality (augmented virtuality)
HCI Themes in Ubicomp
Natural interaction Context-aware computing Automated capture and access Everyday computing
Natural Interaction
How do input and output change?– Different form factors, more devices
Input– Towards implicit information– Feeds context-aware computing (later)
Output– Towards distributed, peripheral and ambient
displays
Natural / implicit input
Integrate into human life
Pen inputGestureSpeechPerceptual UITangible UI
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/david_merrill_demos_siftables_the_smart_blocks.html
Device scales
Inch– PDAs– Blackberry & iPhone– Voice Recorders– GPS devices
OQO
Device scales
Foot– notebooks– tablets– digital paper
Device scales
Yard– electronic whiteboards– plasma displays– smart bulletin boards
Another take on scales
Based on ownership and location
body desk room building
From the GMD Darmstadt web site on I-Land
Distributed Displays
The Everywhere Display Project at IBM
Microsoft Research Play Anywhere:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muibPAUvOXk&feature=related
Peripheral & Ambient Displays
Digital Family Portrait
Ambient Orbhttp://www.ambientdevices.com/
What is Context?
Any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity
Who, what, where, when
Why is it important?– information, usually implicit, that applications do
not have access to– It’s input that you don’t get in a GUI
Example: Location services
Outdoor– Global Positioning Satellites (GPS)– wireless/cellular networks
Indoor– electronic tags, RFID– vision– motion detectors, keyboard activity
How to Use Context
To present relevant information to someone– Mobile tour guide
To perform an action automatically– Print to nearest printer, unlock the right door
To show an action that user can choose– Chat with nearby friends, find comparable
products
(A few) Context-aware scenarios
Walk into room, lights, audio, etc. adjust to the presence of people
Security, emergency calls based on people in the home, health monitoring
Tracking and finding items in warehouse, alerting when inventory is low (or you need more milk), etc.
Automated capture and access
Use of computers to preserve records of the live experience for future use (Abowd & Mynatt 2000)
Compelling applications– Design records– Health care monitoring and therapies– Family memories
Technical Challenges
Connectivity – almost constant– How to gracefully handle changes?
Sensing– How to gather useful info? (i.e. location?)
Integration and analysis of data– How to recognize activity and recover when incorrect?– How to function at acceptable speeds?
Scale – both in information and size of displays
Challenge of Evaluation
Bleeding edge technology
Novelty
Unanticipated uses
Error recovery
Quantitative metrics
Variety of social implications/issues
Social issues
Privacy – who has access to data?
How do we make users aware of what technology is present?
Differing perspectives and opinions– Jane likes that the environment is aware she is
present, but John doesn’t…
Conclusions
Interfaces and interactions moving into the world
Real life interaction … noisy, erroneous Continuous interaction … time sensitive Design and evaluation get more complex