UBA Federal Environment Agency Austria DFIU French-German Institute for Environmental Research University of Karlsruhe Assessment of the Air Emissions

UBAFederal Environment AgencyAustria

DFIUFrench-German Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of Karlsruhe

Assessment of the Air Emissions Assessment of the Air Emissions

Impact of Emerging TechnologiesImpact of Emerging Technologies

Task Force on Integrated Assessment ModellingTask Force on Integrated Assessment Modelling

(29(29thth meeting) meeting)

Michael BallMichael Ball

DFIU/IFAREDFIU/IFARE

Amiens, 10 – 12 May, 2004



General scope:

• provide information for extension of RAINS and for future policy measures in EU

Tasks

• identification of main pollutant-sector combinations

• techno-economic characterisation of emerging technologies (benefits, costs)

• development of scenarios to assess the impact of emerging technologies

until 2030

• identification of drivers and barriers for diffusion, e.g. technical problems

• recommendations for measures to promote diffusion, e.g. via research programs

Duration: 8 months (until beginning of August)

Event: workshop on 28th and 29th of June in Brussels to discuss results

Scope and Tasks



Project consortium

• French-German Institute for Environmental Research (DFIU)

• Federal Environment Agency Austria

• partners: CITEPA, ITA

Focus: technologies that are

• beyond Best Available Techniques (BAT) (emerging), e.g. pilot plants

• with relevance for reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gases

(PM, NOx, VOC, SO2, CO2) in EU25 until 2030

• process integrated or end-of-pipe

• both emerging technologies and emerging applications of existent technologies

Organization and Focus



Work Packages

Work Packages:

• WP 1: Analysis of emissions from selected sectors

• WP 2: Identification and description of promising emerging technologies

• WP 3: Development of scenarios (2005, 2010, ..., 2030)

• WP 4: Workshop

• WP 5: Concluding analysis



WP 1:Analysis of Emissions from

Selected Sectors



Source: RAINS(after bilateral consultations)

PM

2.5



0 500 1000 1500

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

EU15

PM2.5

emissions in [kt/a]

0 500 1000

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

NM10

PM2.5

emissions in [kt/a]

PPINDOMCON_COMBPR_STEELPR_ALPR_OT_NFMEPR_CEMLIMEBRIQPR_GLASSPR_REFFERTPROPR_NIACSUACPR_CBLACKPR_PULPIND_OTHSTHMINEAGRTRAOTH




PP:_13%

IN:_9%

DOM:_9%

PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_6%

TRA:_55%

NOx

PP:_38%

IN:_11%

DOM:_9%

TRA:_32%

PP:_27%

IN:_13%

DOM:_7% CON_COMB:_13%

PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_5%

PR_REF:_8%

PR_NIACSUAC:_5%

TRA:_8%OTH:_4%

SO2

PP:_58%

IN:_15%

DOM:_8%

CON_COMB:_7%

PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_3%

EU15(2015)

NM10(2015)

Sector view: 90 % of total emissionsSector view: 90 % of total emissions




PP:_4%

DOM:12%

PR STEEL:11%

IND_OTH:_6%

STH:_6%

AGR:_15%

TRA:_32%

OTH:_6%

TSP

PP:_14%

DOM:_26%

PR_STEEL:_4% IND_OTH:_5%

STH:_7%

AGR:_16%

TRA:_17%

OTH:_3%

PP:_5%

DOM:_32%

PR_STEEL:_8% PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_6%

AGR:_7%

TRA:_24%

OTH:_8%

PM2.5

PP:_17%

DOM:_46%PR_CEMLIMEBRIQ:_3%

AGR:_13%

TRA:_9%OTH:_4%

EU15(2015)

NM10(2015)

Sector view: 90 % of total emissionsSector view: 90 % of total emissions




Priority sectors and pollutantsPriority sectors and pollutants

NOx SO2 PM CO2 VOC … Combustion (Power plants, Industry) X X X X Small scale combustion (domestic) X X X X Cement X X X X Refineries X X Sulfuric acid X Steel X X Others x x x x Agriculture X Transport X X X X VOC sectors X



WP 2:Identification and Description

of Promising Emerging Technologies



Literature review

BREF documents

Experts Questionnaire (400 questionnaires sent out, relatively low response rate up to

now)

Methodology for data collectionMethodology for data collection

Question: Which are the most promising technologies ?



New types of installations/processes substitution of existing installations/processes

• Steel/Pig iron production: Direct reduction, Smelting reduction (no more coke/sinter plants)

• Aluminium production: Inert anodes

• Heat and power generation: Stationary Fuel Cells (PEMFC, SOFC), Hydrogen

• etc.

Types of emerging technologies (I)Types of emerging technologies (I)



Emerging applications of control technologies

• SCR for cement production• more hoods/enclosures for fugitive emissions from e.g. material handling, storage and transport cement, copper production • etc.

Emerging end-of-pipe technologies

• Plasma technology for VOC decomposition• Biological off-gas cleaning for VOC’s• etc.

Types of emerging technologies (II)Types of emerging technologies (II)



WP 3:Development of Scenarios



Pig iron production

• Blast furnace• Direct reduction (no more coke plants)

• Smelting reduction (no more coke/sinter plants)

Considered pollutant: CO2

• Blast furnace (BF): 1912 t CO2/t product• Coke plant: 1536 t CO2/t product• Sinter plant: 199 t CO2/t product• Direct reduction (DR): 610 t CO2/t product• Smelting reduction (SR): 2604 t CO2/t product

Example: Pig iron productionExample: Pig iron production




Activity [Mt] 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030Pig iron prod 15 12,76 13,82 15,65 16,62 16,4 16,98 16,9 16,45Coke prod 7,14 5,52 5,19 4,71 4,96 4,63 4,62 4,38 4,07Sinter prod 22,3 18,97 20,54 23,27 24,71 24,37 25,23 25,12 24,45

Shares 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030BF [%] 100 100 100 100 90 90 85 80 70DR [%] 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 10SR [%] 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 15 20

Methodology to be implemented in ECODAT:

Source: RAINS, France




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Years

[Mt]

Smelting reduction

Direct reduction

Blast furnace

Source: RAINS, France




0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Years

[t C

O2

]

Direct reduction

Smelting reduction

Blast furnace

Example France




0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Years

[t C

O2

]

Coke

Coke (DR & SR)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Years

[t C

O2

]

Sinter

Sinter (SR)

Coke plants Sinter plants

Example France



Short project duration

Availability of consistent data (costs)

Willingness to report on emerging technologies (problems of confidentiality)

Diversity of pollutants and emission sectors among countries

Difficulties encounteredDifficulties encountered

Selected Sectors, technologies and pollutants



WP 4:Workshop

28th and 29th of June, Brussels



Thank you very much for your attention

http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/cafe/activities/emerging_technologies.htm

Documents

UBA Federal Environment Agency Austria DFIU French-German Institute for Environmental Research University of Karlsruhe Assessment of the Air Emissions