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Flat Products

Coated Steel SheetsHot-dip Galvanized Sheets, Electrogalvanized Sheets

and Precoated Sheets

2-6-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo 100-8071 JapanTel: +81-3-6867-4111

Coated Steel Sheets

© 2012 NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORPORATIONU008en_01_201211f

http://www.nssmc.com/

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Post treatment

Notreatment

Coating massg/m 2

Plate thickness(mm)

Available sizes

Width mmChromate-free treatment

General Lubricating Other specialtreatments

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

13

14

15

12

16

Zn120g/m 2(17µm)

Basemetal

Zn-Al (11%)-Mg (3%)-Si (0.2%)

Basemetal

Zn-55%Al alloy78g/m 2 (21µm) Basemetal

Zn

20g/m 2 (2.8µm) Basemetal

Zn-Ni alloy20g/m 2 (2.8µm)

Basemetal

Zn-Sn-Ni alloyBasemetal

Fe-Ni alloy Basemetal

Zn-Fe alloyed45g/m 2(6µm) Basemetal

Al-Si alloy50g/m 2 (18.5µm) Basemetal

20g/m2(2.8µm)Polyester, etc.(25µm)

Basemetal

Basemetal

Special lm

Ni layer

Zn

DURGRIP TM

DURGRIP TM

SuperDyma TM

GALVALUMESTEEL SHEET TM

ALSHEET TM

ECOKOTE TM-S

ZINKOTE TM

DURZINKLITE TM

ECOTRIO TM

SUPERNICKEL TM

ZINKOTE TM COLOR

VIEWKOTE TM

30∼

120

60∼

600

60∼

275

90∼

170

40∼

160

30∼

50

10∼40

10∼

40

4∼

15

1∼

4 μ m

10∼

40

0.5∼

4.5

0.23∼

6.0

0.27∼

9.0

0.25∼

1.6

0.3∼

2.5

0.3∼

2.0

0.4∼

3.2

0.4∼

2.3

0.15∼

1.0

0.15∼

0.8

0.4∼

0.8

0.3∼

1.2

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

̶

○

̶

̶

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

○

̶

○

○

○

○

̶

○

○

̶

̶

○

○

○

○

○

○

̶

̶

○

○

̶

̶

̶

○

610∼

1,850

580∼

1,840

580∼

1,700

610∼

1,230

610∼

1,250

610∼

1,250

600∼

1,650

600∼

1,650

580∼

1,024

25∼

1,000

600∼

1,650

25∼

1,300

EG type 10 ∼ 40CG type 60 ∼ 150

Decorativeness, corrosion resistance, eliminationof coating process at user plant(reduction of production process, cost cutting)*Different properties depending on the type

Decorativeness, corrosion resistance, eliminationof coating process at user plant*Preparation of a variety of product types: high heatabsorption, high reection, self cleaning, deep-drawablemetallic, antistatic, grainy, orange-peel-surfaced

Corrosion resistance

Corrosion resistance(30 times higher than common galvanized sheet )Cut-edge surface corrosion resistance

Alkaline resistanceScratch resistance

Corrosion resistance(3~6 times higher than common galvanized sheet )

Thermal resistance, heat reectivityDecorativeness (spangle)

Corrosion resistancePress formabilityWeldabilityPaint adhesion

Corrosion resistance Thermal resistance, heat reectivityChemical resistanceDecorativeness (aluminum)

Corrosion resistance (bio fuel)Fuel non-permeable property

Corrosion resistance ConductivityLubricity, formability Fingerprint resistanceScratch resistance Paint adhesion*Diverse post-treatment menu

Corrosion resistanceWeldabilityPaint adhesion

Whisker resistanceSolder wettability

Corrosion resistance (particularly after forming)Coating adhesion

Thermal resistance, heat reectivityDecorativeness (luster)

Structural member(civil engineering/ road structure)

Automobile exhaust system partsHeating equipment

Toaster, hot-water system

Fuel tank

AV equipment, electronic devicehome applianceOA equipment

Automobile outer and inner panels

Automobile outer and inner panelshome applianceHousing equipment

AV equipment, electronic deviceOA equipment

BatteryHeating equipment

Main applicationsFeaturesCoating structure(representative example)Brand nameType

Hot-dip galvannealedsteel sheet and strip

Hot-dip galvanizedsteel sheet and strip

Hot-dip aluminum-coated steelsheet and strip

Sn-Zn coated steel sheet and strip

Electrolytic zinc-coatedsteel sheet and strip

Electrolytic zinc-nickel alloy-coatedsteel sheet and strip

Zn-Si-Ni alloy coatedsteel sheet and strip

Nickel CoatedSteel Sheet and strip

Topcoat BasemetalZn

Hot-dip zinc-aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy coatedsteel sheet and strip

Hot-dip 55% aluminum-zincalloy-coatedsteel sheet and strip

Sn-Zn layer

Special lm

Intro-ductionpage

Automobile outer and inner panelshome applianceStructural member (shutter)Steel furniture, automatic vendingmachine

Structural member ( house,civilengineering structure,road member )

Automobile outer and inner panelshome appliance

Automatic vending machineStructural member (house,agriculture/stockbreeding structure,solar panel supporting structure, civilengineering/road structure),home appliance, automobile parts

Automatic vending machine

home appliance AV equipment, electronic deviceOA equipmentHousing equipment (interior,steel furniture)

home appliance, AV equipment,electronic deviceFuel cellHousing equipment (steelfurniture, door, kitchen, bath)

H o

t - d i p g a

l v a n

i z e

d s

h e e

t

P r e c o a t e

d s

h e e

t

E l e c

t r o g a

l v a n

i z e

d s

h e e

t

Information about environmental load chemical substances contained in the productsof Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation is supplied in the form shown below:

1) Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 2) Information about speci ed chemical substance content (supplementary MSDS) 3) Speci ed Chemical Substances Data Sheet (SSDS)

For more details, please con rm by accessing our website: http://www.nssmc.com/.

Lineup of Coated Steel Sheets of Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal

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Oxygenblowing

Basic-oxygenfurnaceMolten iron Continuous casting

Limestone

Sintering plantIron ore

C oa l C ok in g p la ntBlast furnace

Continuous hot-rolling mill Pickling line

Pickled coil

Cold-rolled coilCold-rolling mill

Welder

Cleaningtank

Galvanizingbath

Posttreatment

Drying Shear

Continuous annealing line

Reheating

Coil

Temper rolling mill

Secondary re ning

Galvanizingbath

Pay-off reel Heattreatment

Welder Skin pass

Posttreatment

equipment

Tension leveler Tension reel

◆ Main Characteristics

◆ Production Process

• Excellent paint adhesion and weldability—provided by reheatingthe zinc-iron alloyed layer produced by heating

• Exceptional post-painting corrosion resistance• Excellent press-formability, ranging from bending to deep

drawing• Availability of sheet with highly lubricative lm treatment

Base metal

Lubricative lm

Zn-Fe alloy layer

◆ Typical Properties

◆ Main Applications

DURGRIP has a finely textured yet rugged surface, ensuring goodpaint adhesion.

The application of lubricative lm treatment imparts good press form-ability.

3mm

5mmStretching

Treatment condition : Dip-type phosphate treatment Cation ED 20μ baking

Assessment test : After drawing grid pattern Erichsen stretch forming, cellophane

tape peeling off

Galvanized sheet DURGRIP (Galvannealed) Cold-rolled sheet

DURGRIP ( galvanized ) DURGRIP (Galvannealed) Cold-rolled sheet

•Examples of Paint Adhesion (Primary Adhesion)

• Examples of Surface Appearance of Base Substrate Sheet beforeCoating (Scanning Electron Microscope × 1,000)

Base metal

Zn-Fe alloy layer

Non-treatment type

Lubricativelm-treated type● Coating structure

(representative example)

GA (Lubricative lm treatment)

GA (no treatment)

Forming tolerance

Forming tolerance (blank folding force)

25kN 20kN 15kN 10kN 7kN

25kN 15kN 10kN 7kN

×: Split

×: Split ×: Split : Pass ×: Creased

: Pass : Pass : P as s × : Cr ea sed

Press Formability

Weldability

Paint Adhesion

The resistance weldability of galvanized steel sheet, in contrast to thatof cold-rolled steel sheet, generally requires appropriate welding con-ditions in the region of high heat input. This is because zinc is a softmetal that easily conforms to the partner metal and because zinc’s lowmelting point causes it to melt and spread out during the initial weldingstage, thereby resulting in lower current density. Consequently, lessheat is generated in the overlapped areas.

Direct Spot Weldability The appropriate welding conditions for coated steel sheets are shownin the gure below. Adequate welding current regions for coated steelsheets are higher than those for cold-rolled steel sheets.

•Example of Appropriate Welding Conditions for Galvanized Sheet

Welding pressure (Kg)

W e l

d i n g c u r r e n

t ( k A )

12

13

1110

9

8

7

6

200 250 300 400Shortage of strength

Occurrence of expulsionDURGRIP(galvanized)( 90/90)

DURGRIP(Galvannealed)(90/90)

Cold-rolled sheet

Appropriate range (base metal fracture)

t=0.8mmElectrode: Circular type, 5.0 mmøWeld time: 10∞

t=0.8mm

Hood outer, inner Cowl panelTrunk lid outer, inner

Quarter panel

Wheel house Outer

Front oor

Locker outer,inner

Pillar outer

Door outerFront fenderDoor inner

Electrogalvanizing line

Hot-dip galvanizing line

DURGRIP TMHot-dip galvannealed steel sheet and strip

• Electric appliances Washing machine, refrigerator, air conditioner, automatic vending machine (outer

plate, side plate, back plate, bottom plate, parts)

• Building and furniture Signboard, door, sash, shutter, cabinet, steel furniture, ofce equipment

• Automobile (outer, inner, parts)

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Base metal

Lubricative lm

Zn-Fe alloy layer

Base metal

Zn-Fe alloy layer

Hot-dip galvanized sheet

Chromate-free hot-dipgalvanized sheet

● Coating structure (representative example)


Zn-Al-Mg-Si

Base metal

Chromate-free special lm

Zn-Al-Mg-Si

Base metal

• Corrosion Protection Mechanism at Cut-end Surfaces

Bridge (cable rack)

Compost house (roof, frame)

Automobile parts

Air-conditioner outer unit

(bottom plate)

Lapping ofcoating layercomposition

I n i t i a l p e r i o

d

( 5 d a y s ~

6 m o n

t h s )

M i d d l e p e r

i o d

( 6 m o n

t h s ~ s e v e r a

l y e a r s

)

L a t t e r p e r i o

d

( S e v e r a l y e a r s ~

U n t

i l z i n c a r o u n d

t h e c u

t - e n

d s u r f a c e

i s l o s t

)

Repaired section

Red rust

Coating layer

Iron

Coating layer

Protection lm

Iron Iron

Iron Iron

Iron Iron

Iron

Coating layer

Moisture

Iron

Coating layerMoistureSacri ced corro-

sion-protection effect

Coating layercomposition

Lapping of coatinglayer composition

C o r r o s i o n

l o s s

( g / m 2 / s i d e )

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 2 4 6 8 10 1212.5

14pH

SuperDyma K18

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET AZ150

0

pH4~6 : Acid rain environmentpH9~14 : Cattle and compost shed environmentpH12.5 : M ortar and concrete environment

Hot-dip Zn-coatedsheet Z27

(5% NaCl solution, 24 hours)

0.028

1.02

0.1000.000 0.200 0.300 0.400

0.034

0.060

Hot-dip zinc-coated sheetZn

SuperDymaZn-11%Al-3%Mg-0.2%Si

(Reference)In case of no addition of SiZn-11%Al-3%Mg

GALVALUME STEEL SHEETZn-55%Al

Corrosion loss rate (g/m 2 /hr)

Surface treatment: No treatment

Corrosion Protection Mechanism on Cut-end Surfaces andat Welded Sections

Corrosion Resistance of Flat SurfacesThe corrosion resistance of SuperDyma (assessed by salt-spray tests todetermine corrosion rate) is extremely high — about 30 times that of hot-dipZn-coated sheets.

140120100806040200

Load: 0.098 N

Hot-dip Zn-coatedsheet

SuperDyma

GALVALUMESTEEL SHEET

Vicher’s hardness (Hv)

Zn

Base metal


Zn

Base metal


As the zinc coating mass increases, the corrosion resistance of the hot-dip galvanized sheet isextended.

The coating layer of SuperDyma is hard, thus offering high scratchresistance.

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Conventional Chromate Treatmentand Chromate-free Coating Film

Zinc Coating Mass and Corrosion Resistance

Cold-rolledsheet

Phosphate-treated sheet

ZINKOTE

DURGRIP(galvanized)

Chromate Coating Film Chromate-free Coating Film

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Chromate-freeCoating Film : Chromate-free lm uses substances selectedbecause they provide the characteristic features of chromate

lm such as its barrier effect, self-restorative function andpaint adhesiveness. Chromate-free coated sheet has been

realized by use of this special coating lm.

When this lm is injured, soluble hexavalent chromiumleaches out to offer a “self-restorative function” that repairsthe lm.

1

100

200

300

2Period (years)

3 4

C o r r o s i o n

l o s s

( g / m 2 )

Function of Chromate Coating Film ffect

restoration function

Effects similar to those offered byspecial coating lm containing corrosion-suppression agent

① Shutting out of corrosion factors

② Self-restorative function

③ Coating adhesiveness

Chromate coating lm

Coating lm


Coating lm

Processed/ injured section

Special coating lm(containing corrosion-suppression agent)

Zinc coating layer

Steel sheet

② Corrosion- suppression function

① Shutting out of corrosion factors

Corrosion factorH2O O2

Zinc coating layer

Steel sheet

50

100

200

300

100Coating mass (one side:g/m 2 )

150 200

T i m e u p

t o o c c u r r e n c e o f r e

d r u s t

( H r s

) Testing condition (JIS Z 2371) Room temperature : 35˚C Saline solution : 5%

• Zinc Coating Mass and Time up to Occurrence of Red Rust (Example) (Salt Spray Test)

◆ Main Characteristics ◆ Main Characteristics• High corrosion, and rust resistance similar to that of

conventional chromate-treated sheet even with chromate-free treatment

• Excellent zinc adhesion and responsiveness to severefabrication conditions

• Product lineup with excellent tribological properties bymeans of chromate-free treatment

• With remarkably high corrosion resistance compared to hot-dip galvanizedsteel sheet, inhibits corrosion resistance in cut-end surfaces

• Strong alkaline resistance even in direct contact with mortar and concrete• Superior substitute for stainless steel (weak in chlorine resistance) and

aluminum (weak in alkaline resistance)• Availability of chromate-free sheet having properties similar to those of

chromate-treated sheet

◆ Typical Properties Coating Layer Composition and Corrosion Resistance(Salt Spray Tests)

Acid and Alkaline Resistance of Various Coated Sheets

Scratch Resistance


SuperDyma TMHot-dip zinc-aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy coated st eel sheet and strip

DURGRIP TMHot-dip galvanized steel sheet and strip

• Civil engineering structure and buildingconstruction

Guard rail, corrugated pipe, spiral pipe, deck plate,

duct, roofing material, fence, sound-insulation

wall, scaffolding pipe, light-gauge shape, shutter,

sash, door, housing structural member (column,

beam)

• Automobile Floor, various parts

• Shipbuilding Duct, panel

• Electric appliance Ref r ige ra to r, wash ing mach ine , hea t ing

equipment, air conditioner, automatic vending

machine, showcase parts

• Industrial machinery Cont ainer for transporting agricultural product,

various parts requiring corrosion resistance


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Zn-55%Al

Base metal


Zn-55%Al

Base metal

Materials

GALVALUME STEEL SHEE T (no coating)

Prepainted sheet (light color, brightness 6.0 – 8.5)

Prepainted sheet (deep color, brightness 4.5 ‒ 7.0)

Tile, slate (light color)

Tile, slate (dark color)

Concrete, cement


Heat Re ectivity ( %)

70 – 75

30 – 70

15 – 40

20 – 30

10 – 20

20 – 30

30 – 40

Note: Data of Bluescope Lysaght

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET Hot-dip galvanized sheet

Solar radiation850W/m2(no wind)

Solar radiation850W/m2(no wind)

0

50

100

150

W/m2

0

50

100

150

W/m2

•Example of Heat Reectivity of Various Roong Materials100 200 300 400 500 600 700 80 0 900

Hot-dip galvanized sheet [Z 25](400˚C)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Oxidation time (hours)

O x i

d a t i o n a m o u n t g / c m

2

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET [AZ 150](400˚C)

Hot-dip galvanized sheet Z 25 300°C

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET [AZ 150](300˚C)

0 1,000 2,000 3,000

Cut-end surface protection

1% red rust occurrence time (hours)

Hot-dip galvanized sheetZ27

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET(AZ150)

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET(AZ150)

◆ Main Characteristics• Excellent durability and corrosion resistance• Beautiful silvery white appearance with a nely spangled

pattern• Excellent thermal resistance and high heat re ectivity due to

aluminum contained in the coating• Available with chromate-free lm



The surfaces of GALVALUME STEEL SHEET exhibit excellent heatreflectivity, showing no substantial deterioration after long-termexposure to high temperatures. Materials with high heat reflectivityshow a minimal rise in temperature. The use of materials with highheat re ectivity particularly in roo ng subjected to large thermal loadsis highly effective in preventing increases in indoor temperature. Because of the combinat ion of this property with theaforementioned excellent heat re ectivity, GALVALUME STEEL SHEETis suitable for such applications as the heat shields and the heatre ectors for toasters and microwave ovens.

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET has high aluminum content, 55% ofmass and 80% of capacity, and shows better thermal resistance thanordinary hot-dip galvanized steel sheets. Even when exposed to highair temperatures, it shows neither signi cant increase of mass due tooxidization nor any surface discoloration due to progressive alloying.When used for many hours under temperatures around 350˚C, itundergoes little change. The gure below shows the change in mass when steel sheets arecontinuously heated in the atmosphere. It is evident that GALVALUMESTEEL SHEET undergoes less change due to oxidization than hot-dipgalvanized steel sheet.

Thermal Resistance

Corrosion Resistance

Heat Reectivity

•Example of Oxidation Amount due to Continuous Heating• Example of Comparison of Heat Reectivity between GALVALUME

STEEL SHEET and Hot-dip Galvanized Sheet (3 years after construction)

•Example of Red Rust Occurrence Time

Al-Si

Base metal


Al-Si

Base metal

ALSHEET

90

80Heatreectivity


95

30

Item Testcondition

Material

( )

•Measurement at room temperature after heating

•D and S AERP emissivity meter (measurement wave 3 – 30m)

ALSHEET Hot-dip galvanized sheet Electrogalvanized sheet Cold-rolled sheet

* ( ): Corrosion loss

Cold-rolled sheet set as 100

TypeCorrosion rate (%)

22.9%

50 100

27.5%

30.1 %16m *

92 .8% 80m※

100 %87 m※

18%Cr stainless steel

13%Cr stainless steel

ALSHEET 80g/m 2

Cold-rolled shee

Electrogalvanized sheet20/20g/m 2

◆ Main Characteristics• Outstanding weather resistance and corrosion resistance• Discoloration and high thermal resistance in high-temperature

application• Excellent high-temperature heat re ectivity, compared to hot-

dip galvanized steel sheets


The surface appearance of ALSHEET at high temperatures is farsuperior to that of hot-dip galvanized steel sheet or that of cold-rolled steel sheet. No surface discoloration occurs at 350˚C or under.

At tempera tures above that, the surface becomes an A l-Fe alloy,causing a discoloration. However, this conversion to an alloy preventsoxidization of the base metal, helping to retain the steel sheet’s thermalresistance.

•An example of surface conditions after heating (300°C × 200 hours)When heated at temperatures below 350°C, ALSHEET undergoes no surfacediscoloration, retaining its beautiful appearance.

Because ALSHEET, like aluminum, easily generates fine yet stableoxide and hydroxide lms in the atmosphere and in water, its corrosionresistance under various conditions is superior to that of galvanizedsteel sheets. In application, however, it should be borne in mind that,contrary to galvanized steel sheet, galvanic action (sacri cial action)cannot be expected of ALSHEET.

•Cyclic wetting and drying tests (Resistance to exhaust gas corrosion) As a result of c orrosion tests using automobil e e xhaust gas-conde nsedsimulated uids, ALSHEET demonstrates better corrosion resistance than doelectrogalvanized steel sheets and cold-rolled steel sheets.

•Example of Mufer Test Result (Chrysler's Spec 461H-83)

Because of its extremely beautiful surface, ALSHEET showsexceptional heat re ectivity—nearly 80% at temperatures of 450°C orbelow. Accordingly, ALSHEET is ideal for use in applications requiringheat re ectivity, including the inner heat shields for toasters and theupper re ectors for gas ovens and kerosene heaters.

•Example of Heat Reectivity of Various Materials

Thermal Resistance Corrosion resistance

Heat reectivity


ALSHEET TMHot-dip aluminum-coated steel sheet and strip

GALVALUME STEEL SHEET TMHot-dip 55% aluminum-zinc alloy-coated steel sheet and strip

• Building construction and civilengineering structure

Roong material, wall material, partition,other structural metal ttings

• Electric appliance Refrigerator, washing machine, air

conditioner, automatic vending machine,showcase, range, stove, microwave oven

Unlike zinc, aluminum has the property of being resistant to weakacidity and vulnerable to alkalinity.

Chemical resistance

• Hot-water system• Oven toaster• Bread machine• Stove• Fan heater• Cloth dryer• Automobile (mu ffler, manifold cover,

converter cover)

100˚C×24Hrs

400˚C×24Hrs

ZINKOTE

electrogalvanizedsheet Spangled

95

20

Non-spangled

95

20

(unit:%)

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20

10

20

10

030 5030 50 72 72

0

Test time (hr) Test time (hr)

QS1QF1 T1NQM

QS1QF1 T1NQM

QS1

QS1

QMQF1T1N

QMQF1T1N

QMQF1T1N

QMQF1T1N

100908070605040302010

TN

QS1

T1N

Constant current source

V

i

Test piece

Conducting=Les than 1m Ω

Measurementdevice

Measurementsystem

Measurementrange

Probe

Assessment

Loresta EP type madeby Mitsubishi Chemical Corp.4 contact/4 probe method,constant current application system

10-2∼ 106 ΩESP probePin tip 2 mm φ × 4 contacts, pin interval 5 mm

spring pressure 2.4 N/spring

Conducting rate % × 100Conducting cycle

20 cycles

R u s

t o c c u r r e n c e a r e a r a

t e

( % )

R u s

t o c c u r r e n c e a r e a r a

t e

( % )

Conducting rate (%)

Pretreatment

Base metal

Sn-Zn alloy layer


Regulation for upper limitfor fuel permeation

Promotion of recycling

Lighter weight

Regulation for environmentburden substanceIncreasing use of eco-friendly fuel

ECOKOTE TM-S ( Sn-Zn coating )

ALSHEETTM ( aluminum coating )

TERNESHEET ( Pb-Sn coating )

Inferior permeation shut-offperformance

Inferior recyclability

No inclusion of environmentburden substanceGrowing concerns aboutpermeation and deterioration

Use of lead

Concerns about corrosion resistancein case of using common bio fuel

Outstandingly highcorrosion resistance

No fuel permeation because of steel sheet

High recyclability because of steel sheet

Lighter weight by use of steel’s rigidity instead of identical capacity

ECOKOTE TM-S(Sn-Zn coating)

ALSHEETTM

(Aluminum coating)TERNESHEET

(Pb-Sn coating) Resin

No inclusion of environment burden substance

Excellent

Excellent

Fair

Excellent

×

Fair

Excellent

Fair

Fair

Excellent

Fair

Excellent

Fair

Fair

Good

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Fair

Degradedgasoline

Degraded20%FAME-

mixed gasoline

Degradedethanol-mixed

gasoline

Inner surface corrosion resistanceOuter surfacecorrosionresistance

Pressformability Wel da bi li ty P ai nt ab il it y

ZEV regulations (US) Bio fuel

ELV regulations (Europe)

ECOKOTE

TM

-SECOKOTE TM

-SVoluntary regulationsof Japan AutomobileManufacturers Association (Japan)

Regulation for upperlimit for fuel permeation

Emerging environmentalneeds facing fuel tank

materials

Regulation forenvironmental burden

substance

Increasing use ofeco-friendly fuel

Promotion of recycling

Lighter weight

Requirements of fuel tankmaterials: total absence ofsubstances that add toenvironmental burden,resistance to new fuels, nofuel permeation,advantageous for recycling,and light-weight design

Regulation for newfuel ef ciency

AutomobileRecycling Law

◆ Main Characteristics• Higher corrosion resistance than found in conventional fuel

tank metallic materials• High corrosion resistance, even when used with bio fuels• Meets hydrocarbon permeation regulations; is free of

environmental load substances• Highly recyclable

◆ Typical Properties Responsiveness to Environmental Preservation: ECOKOTE TM-S is most suitable for use as an eco-friendly fueltank material.

Zn

Base metal

Surface treatment

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Chromate-free Coating Film

Application (example)

Flat panel display

Copying machine, printer

Application member

Chassis, various parts

various parts

• Main End Products Employing ZINKOTE

ZINKOTE is a chromate-free electrogalvanizedsheet used for at panel displays, copyingmachines, printers and other devices andequipment.

Salt Spray Test: Flat Surface Section and Formed Section (Erichsen 7 mm Extruded Section)

Effects similar to those offered by special coatinglm containing corrosion-suppression agent

Corrosion Resistance Mechanism of Chromate-freeCoating Film : Chromate-free lm uses substances selectedbecause they provide the characteristic features of chromate

lm such as its barrier effect, self-restorative function andpaint adhesiveness. Chromate-free coated sheet has beenrealized by use of this special coating lm.

When this lm is injured, soluble hexavalent chromium leaches outto offer a “self-restorative function” that repairs the lm.

Function of Chromate Coating Film ffect

restoration function


Coating lm

Processed/ injured section

Special coating lm(containing corrosion-suppression agent)

Zinc coatinglayer

Steel sheet

② Corrosion- suppression function

Corrosion factorH2O O2

① Shutting outof crrosionfactors

High formability and lubricity due tosurface lm action

Excellent conductivity and adhesionbecause of thin lm thickness

Organic lm

Inorganic lm

• Importance on conductivity• Importance on corrosion resistance

and scratch resistance

• Importance on conductivity, paintabilityand ironing property

Film Required performance

• Example of Corrosion Resistance of Flat Surface Section(A kind of typical surface treatments is shown)

• Example of Corrosion Resistance of Formed Section

◆ Main Characteristics• Demonstrates similar effects in application as chromate-treated sheet

due to ZINKOTE’s special lm containing a corrosion inhibitor• Availability of characteristic properties that conform to respective

customer needs thanks to ZINKOTE’s diverse post-treatment lineup[Main Properties of ZINKOTE] •Corrosion resistance •Lubricity •Conductivity •Spot weldability

•Thermal resistance •Alkaline resistance •Solvent resistance•Fingerprint resistance •Paint adhesion

ZINKOTE: Used for high-performanceelectric appliances and OA equipment

◆ Typical Properties ◆ Main Applications

ZINKOTE TMElectrolytic zinc-coated steel sheet and strip

ECOKOTE TM -SSn-Zn coated steel sheet and strip

Characteristic Properties of Fuel Tank Material

Conductivity (Grounding Property)


• Fuel tank


• Various Parts Audio equipment, etc

• Side Plate Refrigerator, washing machine, etc

• Chromate-free Coating Film

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100

0

200

300

4020 60

Coating mass (g/m 2 )

5 % r

e d r u s t o c c u r r e n c e

t i m e

( h o u r s

)

80 100

DURZINKLITE

ZINKOTE

DURGRIP(galvanized)

Base metal

Zn-Ni alloy

Reference: Time required for the occurrence of red rust in the salt spray test JIS Z 2371

Weldability

In commonly conducted salt spray testing, the bare corrosion resistance ofDURZINKLITE coated surfaces is more than 3 times greater than galvanizedsheets with equal coatings. This product shows favorable corrosionresistance even with a thin coating mass, but the provision of a specialchromate treatment further improves corrosion resistance.

Individual spot or seam welding of DURZINKLITE can be conducted usinglow welding current, and because the welding current range is wide, weldingis easy. Examples of single spot welding at a range of welding currents forboth-side galvanized sheet are shown at right. In each case, adequatenuggets are formed using a comparatively low welding current, and therecommended range of welding currents is wide to allow easy welding.

DURZINKLITE(20g/m2 )

ZINKOTE(20g/m2 )

DURGRIP(galvannealed)(45g/m2 )

Cold-rolled sheet

Type

dn=4√t

Welding current (KA)

6 7 8 9

Appropriate weldingcurrent range

Shortage ofnugget diameter

Electrode welding

• Example of Welding Current Range for Single Sport Welding of Both-side Galvanized Sheet

• Example of Corrosion Resistance Assessment of DURZINKLITE (Non-treated Sheet Salt Spray Test)

Conductive lm

Zn (electrogalvanizing)

Base metal

Zn (electrogalvanizing)

Topcoat

Standard type

Improvedscratch-resistant type

Standard type

Improvedscratch-resistant type

Standard type

Standardboth-sided black type



KJ1

KJ2

SJ1

SJ2

HJ1

K1K1

K1KC

KJC

D (general)D5 (high roughness)

D

D

D

D




Excellent cost performance due to improvedtopcoat performance; Preparation of two kinds ofsurface roughness depending on appearance ̶general roughness and high roughness

Improved scratch resistance due toaddition of large-diameter beads to lm

Excellent cost performance dueto improved topcoat performance

Excellent cost performance due to improvedtopcoat performance

Excellent cost performance dueto improved topcoat performance

Improved scratch resistance due toaddition of large-diameter beads to lm

Standard black lm (KJ1 lm) on one side, andconductive heat-absorption black lm on the other

Conductive clear lm (QS lm) on one side, andconductive heat-absorption black lm on the other

Color Type Heat treatment symbol Surface nish

Black

Silver

White

Black

Conductive,heat-absorbingblack

Standard conductive,heat-absorbing black type

Conductive, heat-absorbingtype with conductive clear lm

◆ Main Characteristics ◆ Main Characteristics• Excellent cost performance and reduced manufacturing term at user

plant by coating only one side of ZINKOTE with a beautiful topcoat• Available colors (3): black, silver and white, and preparation of

improved scratch-resistant type• Black coated sheets (2): both-sided black coated type, and high-

conductivity/good heat-absorption type

• Outstandingly high corrosion resistance even with conventionalelectrolytic galvanizing mass

• Fine appearance and nishing after coating, similar to cold-rolled sheet• Easy spot and seam welding

◆ Product Lineup ◆ Typical Properties

◆ Main Applications • Home appliance•AV equipment, electronic device•OA equipment•Housing equipment (interior, steel furniture)

Bare Corrosion Resistance

DURZINKLITE TMElectrolytic zinc-nickel alloy-coated steel sheet and strip

ZINKOTE TM COLORPre-Coating Steel Sheet and Strip

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Base metal

Ni layer

Fe-Ni alloy layer

•Binder

•Battery

•Portable cooking stove

•Toaster

•Stove re ection plate

External appearances of the top and body parts of size C and AAbatteries made of SUPERNICKEL steel sheets and Ni-coated sheetswithout alloy layer, after subjected to 60 minutes of salt spray tests areshown below.In both cases, batteries made of SUPERNICKEL steel sheet showsbetter post-fabrication corrosion resistance.

SUPERNICKEL steel sheet shows better corrosion resistance thanNi-coated steel sheet without alloy layer on both unfabricated andfabricated parts due to ① reduced pinholes on the coating layer,② formation of an Fe-Ni alloy layer having good adhesion, and ③ improved ductility due to recrystallization and softening of the Nicoating layer.

SUPERNICKEL steel sheet has heat resistance comparable tostainless steel (SUS) that is normally used as a heat-resistant material(heating temperature ~300°C). As typical evaluation results of heatresistance, changes in glossiness, changes in infrared-ray re ectance

and changes in color tone on heating are shown below.

Post-fabrication Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion Resistance of As-coated Flat Sheet WithoutFabrication

※SST: Pursuant to JIS Z 2371

Heat Resistance

Surface gloss

Coating Adhesion (workability)

• External appearances after SST (coating thickness: 2μm)

Ni-coated sheetwithout alloylayer

Comparative example:Ni-coated sheet without alloylayer (non-diffusion type)

Top Body

SUPERNICKEL

SUPERNICKEL

• Glossiness of surface nish

•An example of evaluation of coating adhesion (workability)

△

◎

△

×

×

Coating

adhesion

(tape peeling)

Work follow

(SEM observation)

Test Methods

Bending test

Erichsen test

Cupping test

Bending test

Erichsen test

Bending test

Erichsen test

Cupping test

◎

◎

◎

○

○

1 2 3 4 5

Coating thickness (μm)

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

G l o s s

i n e s s

BM nish

BE nish

B nish

Evaluation methodGlossiness:Measured in transverse direction at an incidence angleof 60 degrees with Nihon Denshoku Model VGS-ID glossmeter.

Base metal


Zn-Sn-Ni alloy layer

•Switch metal tting •Flow regulating valve

•Condenser case

• Heat sink metaltting

• Electrical equipmentmetal tting

• Electrical equipmentmetal tting

•Tuner cover

•Shield cover

Chromate-free Coating Film

High in whisker resistance, solder wettability and corrosion resistance

Solder Wettability (Solder Wetting Time)


[Test condition]Test piece: Plate thickness 0.3 mm,

cup formingEnvironment:60˚C × 90%RHTime:1000hrs

[Test condition]Test piece: 0.3mm×20mm×7mmKind of solder: Sn-Ag-Cu Solder melting temperatureFlux applied: Rosin alcohol active typeaccleleration conditions: 100°C (saturated humidity),

8 hrs

Without acceleration After acceleration

10

8

6

4

2

0

B a

d

G o o

d

8hrs24hrs48hrs

100

80

60

40

20

0

O b s e r v e d m a x i m u m

w h i s k e r l e n g t h ( µ m )

S o l

d e r w e t

t i n g

t i m e

( Z e r o c r o s s i n g t i m e ) ( s e c )

ECOTRIO3X/3X

ECOTRIO8/8

Electrolytic tinplate2.8g/m 2

ECOTRIO3X/3X

ECOTRIO8/8


ECOTRIO3X/3X

ECOTRIO8/8


200

160

120

80

40

0

* The data shown here is an exampleof test results, which therefore doesnot mean any quality guarantee.

* In cases when the whisker resistanceunder strict high-temperature condi-tions (for example, high temperatureand high humidity surpassing 60°C)is required, the product with impor-tance on whisker resistance can beproposed. For details, please sendinquiries.

[Test condition]Corrosion resistance: (Salt spray test JIS Z2371)Test piece: Flat sheet with edge seal

B a

d

G o o

d

R a t

i o o f r e

d r u s t

o c c u r r e n c e a r e a

( % )

◆ Main Characteristics ◆ Main Characteristics• Lead-free and chromate-free, and conforms to RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive• Greater suppression of whiskers compared to electrolytic tinplate• Solderability and conductivity that are similar to electrolytic tinplate and higher than those

of galvanized steel sheet• Availability of thin-gauge products with a minimum thickness of 0.15 mm• NEW ECOTRIO even in thin coating mass specications: Taking over the basic proper ties of ECOTRIO• High-strength ECOTRIO: Cost-cutting substitute for nickel silver and stainless steel sheets

• High adhesion and corrosion resistance due to formation of Fe-Ni alloy layer• Availability of material quality that conforms to the particular application and the degree of

fabrication• Diverse surface nishes are available, from an outstandingly ne mirror nish to a rough dull nish.• Availability of coatings from thin to h eavy and of differential coating s on front and rear surfaces• Same thermal resistance as that of stainless steel

Cellophane tapes on the inside and outside are peeled aftera 30mm-deep cup is drawn.

A cellophane tape on the coating is peeled after a 7mm-deep cup is formed.

◆ Typical Properties ◆ Typical Properties ◆ Main Applications ◆ Main Applications


Fabricatedintosize Cbatteries

•Game console•Automobile AV equipment•TV set•Personal computer•Electric and electronic parts•Audio system

SUPERNICKEL TMNickel Coated Steel Sheet and strip

ECOTRIO TMZn-Si-Ni alloy coated steel sheet and strip

(No peeling found)

(No peeling found)

(No peeling found)

(Virtually no cracks found)

(Virtually no cracks found)

A cellophane tape on the coating is peeled after 0T bend.

(Peeling found)

(No peeling found)

(Peeling found)

(Many cracks found)

(Many cracks found)

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Rear surface coating

Base metal

Primary coating

Surface treatment

Surface treatment

Topcoat

Lightingequipment

Flat-panel TV

Digital recorder

Auto on-boardequipment

Outdoorair-conditioner unit

Refrigerator,washing machine

Automobile parts

Re ectingboard

Back panel

Chassis

Chassis

Top, outside panel

Side panel

Oil lter

Front sideBack sideFront sideBack sideFront sideBack sideFront sideBack side

Front sideBack sideFront sideBack sideFront sideBack side

VIEWKOTE TypeⅠVIEWKOTE TypeⅠVIEWKOTE TypeⅣ

Electroconductivity TypeVIEWKOTE TypeⅣ

Electroconductivity typeVIEWKOTE TypeⅣ

Heat Absorption Type

VIEWKOTE TypeⅣVIEWKOTE TypeⅡVIEWKOTE TypeⅣ

Rear surface coatingVIEWKOTE Type CLubrication Type

Self-Cleaning Type VIEWKOTE

Deep Drawable Metallic VIEWKOTE

Antistatic Type VIEWKOTE

Grainy VIEWKOTE

Orange-Peel-Surfaced VIEWKOTE

❶ Hydrophilic coating vastly improvesresistance against rain drop stains.

❷ Offers high workability thanks tooptimal substrate design.

❸ Also offers excellent weatherabi lityand stain resistance in processedareas.

❹ A w ide rang e o f colo r v aria tion s,including metallic tones.

❺ Chromate-free and eco-friendly.

❶ Offers attractive appearances.❷ Suitable for processing applications

that require bending or drawing.❸ Add fun cti on s by sel ect in g the

appropriate back coating.

❹ Chromate-free and eco-friendly.

❶ Prevents static electricity caused byfriction from conveyors and rubbersuction disks in the processing/ production process.

❷ Reduces dust adhesion caused bystatic electricity.

❸ Reduces electric shocks caused bystatic electricity.


❶ By adding beads with large particlediameters to the coating,this type of

VIEWKOTE features h ighly decora-tive designs,much better than thoseof conventional prepainted steelsheets.

❷ The decorative designs can beimproved further by combiningembossing and/or press forming.

❸ Chromate-free and eco-friendly.

❶ A pebbled surface like that of an orangepeel is achieved by special beads in thecoating. These beads then melt duringheating when the coating is enameled.

❷ This coating improves processingyield by making handling scratchesless visible.

❸ Its workability, chemical resistance,and other basic properties are thesame as conventional VIEWKOTE.(Can also include antis tatic property.)


Coating Structure(Example)

Primer coating

Chemicaltreatment

Galvanizedsteel sheet

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating

Self-Cleaning TypeCoating

Primer coating

Chemicaltreatment

Galvanizedsteelsheets

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating

Deep DrawableMetallic Type

Coating



Antistatic Type VIEWKOTE

Coating

Primer coating


Chemicaltreatment

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating


Primer coating


Chemicaltreatment

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating

Grainy VIEWKOTE

Coating

Orange-Peel-Surfaced

VIEWKOTE Coating


Primer coating

Galvanizedsteels heet

Chemicaltreatment

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating

•How self-cleaning works

• Processing Examples of Deep Drawable Metallic Type

•Example: Comparison of charged voltage

•Example:Appearance after embossing 1mm

• Example:Orange-Peel-Surfaced VIEWKOTE

Beige color Brick colored

Hydrophilic coating

The hydrophiliccoating allows dropsof water to penetrateunder stains

The stains arethen washedaway

Stain

Water

Outdoor exposure for1.5 years at Kimitsu City,Chiba, Japan (industrialzone)

Self-CleaningType

Conventional VIEWKOTE foroutdoor air-conditionerunits

Experiment conditionsMeasurement of thecharged voltageof thecoatingsurface bynon-contact typestaticelectricitymeasuring apparatus immediatelyafter VIEWKOTE sample (70×150mm)makescontactwithapieceofneopreneresin(50×100mm)andis thendetached.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

C h a r g e d v o

l t a g e

( k V )

Antistatic Type VIEWKOTE Conventional VIEWKOTE

82

Zn standards

Indicatedthickness

Coating mass

Back coating

Top coating

EGC

0.55mm

20/20

VIEWKOTEE type

Silver metallic(VIEWKOTEType $ )

High Heat Absorption Type VIEWKOTE

High Reection Type VIEWKOTE

❶ Heat absorption type VIEWKOTEdischarges heat from devices/ equipment.

❷ Heat absorption coating inside thedevice enclosure facilitates heatabsorption and discharge. Thebroad VIEWKOTE menu allows

❸ VI EW KO TE st ee l s he et s ar echromate-free and eco-friendly.

❶ Diffuse reectivity of 92-98%.

❷ Can be deep drawn.❸ Has excellent basic propert iesincluding corrosion and chemicalresistance.

❹ Both electromagnetic shielding andtemperature control can be achievedby selecting heat absorption typeswith good electroconductivity in theback coating.

❺ Chromate-free and eco-friendly.

• Atmospheric thermometry result of the interior of theBox (example)

•Measurement of diffuse reection factor (example)

Coloredtopcoating

Primer coating

Chemicaltreatment

Galvanizedsteelsheet

Chemicaltreatment

Heat AbsorptionCoating


Primer coating


Chemicaltreatment

Chemicaltreatment

Back coating

High ReflectionCoating


T e m p e r a t u r e

( ° C )

Measurement time (min)

80

70

60

50

400 20 40 60 80 100 120

ZINKOTE

Heat Absorption

Dropabout10̊C

Under these experimental conditions, steelsheets with an endothermic lm can reducethe atmospheric temperature of the interiorof the Box by about 10˚C in comparison tothe bare speci cations of ZINKOTE.

80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

Diffuse Reflectivity (Wavelength 555nm)

General whitePCM

High ReflectionVIEWKOTE(92% type)

High ReflectionVIEWKOTE(98% type)

Reflection film

Improved to diffuse reflectivityof 10% or more.

※ Can be designed with reflectivity of 92 or 98%,depending on the application.

Hi gh R

ef l e c t i onT y p e

V I E WK

OT E

VIEWKOTErecommended speci cations

VIEWKOTErecommended speci cations

Application parts/ materials

Application parts/ materials Application Application

◆ Main Characteristics• Smooth and ne painted surface• Selection of colors and material properties that meet speci c needs, through the combined use of diverse paints and base substrates• Improved such factors as process, space, energy and load savings at user plant[Paint type of VIEWKOTE] •Type Ⅰ / Highly workable type •Type Ⅱ / Balanced type in workability surface physical properties

•Type Ⅲ / Stain-resistance type •Type Ⅳ / Highly workable, stain-resistant type(universal type)•Type Ⅴ / Highly corrosion-resistant type

• Home appliance•AV equipment, electronic device•Fuel Cell•Housing equipment (door, kitchen, bath)


◆ Premium Series

VIEWKOTE TMPre-Coating Steel Sheet and Strip

Example: To discharge internal heat,select high heat absorptiontype coating.

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