U SING O PEN D ATA TO D EVELOP M ULTIMODAL T RIP P LANNERS FOR L IVABLE C OMMUNITIES Sean J. Barbeau...
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U SING O PEN D ATA TO D EVELOP M ULTIMODAL T RIP P LANNERS FOR L IVABLE C OMMUNITIES Sean J. Barbeau Edward L. Hillsman Center for Urban Transportation
U SING O PEN D ATA TO D EVELOP M ULTIMODAL T RIP P LANNERS FOR
L IVABLE C OMMUNITIES Sean J. Barbeau Edward L. Hillsman Center for
Urban Transportation Research @ University of South Florida GIS in
Transit Conference St. Petersburg, Florida September 14, 2011
Funded by the Florida Department of Transportation and the National
Center for Transit Research
Slide 2
P URPOSE Advise on two emerging technologies Multimodal trip
planning Crowd-sourced data/applications Explain state-of-the-art
and relationship to GIS
Slide 3
W HY MULTIMODAL TRIP PLANNERS ? If you want to drive, the
question is How do I get there? Road networks are dense, connected,
complete Google, Mapquest, Yahoo can easily tell you For
bike/walk/bus, the question is Can I get there (by a safe route)?
Networks are sparse, incomplete, or both Route-specific info is
more important than when driving
Slide 4
Multimodal Options to mix modes for a trip Examples Bike to
bus, ride bus, bike or walk to final destination Drive/bike to
park-and-ride, take bus Wheelchair-accessible routes Various access
to/from bike- sharing, car-sharing T RIP PLANNING SOFTWARE TYPES
Unimodal Similar to what Google Maps/Transit/Bikes, Yahoo Maps,
Mapquest offer One mode per trip:
Slide 5
P ROPRIETARY T RIP - PLANNING SOFTWARE Custom-built software
and data are expensive Goroo in Chicago cost more than $1 million
and is still being improved Web-based software is proprietary and
closed Google, Yahoo, etc. are free to use, but Services depend on
the needs and desires of the providers Providers limit use and
presentation of their systems (frequency, branding)
Slide 6
O PEN T RIP P LANNER Free, open-source software -
opentripplanner.org Development spearheaded by Tri-Met in Portland,
with grant funding (2009-present) Active worldwide developers group
Available for anyone to download, install, modify (and, with
approval, contribute back) Non-profit OpenPlans can provide
installation, customization, maintenance support OpenPlans will be
giving Keynote on OTP status and roadmap on Thurs. morning at
8:30am
Slide 7
O PEN T RIP P LANNER T RUE M ULTIMODAL USFs OTP Demo for Tampa,
Fl - http://opentripplanner.usf.eduhttp://opentripplanner.usf.edu
Example: Bike->Bus->Bike
Slide 8
O PEN T RIP P LANNER I NTERLINING BETWEEN TRANSIT SYSTEMS HART
USF Bull Runner
Slide 9
W HY DON T WE JUST USE G OOGLE M APS ? In USF community, Google
Maps cant find USF building names or abbreviations Google Maps
gives walking directions on Alumni Dr. (where there were no
sidewalks) and using a cross-street (instead of the nearby
crosswalk) Google MapsOpenTripPlanner 2011 Google Map data 2011
Google Data CC-By-SA OpenStreetMap
Slide 10
OTP W HEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE ROUTING OPTIONS Regular route with
stairs
Slide 11
Wheelchair-accessible route OTP W HEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE ROUTING
OPTIONS
Slide 12
GIS D ATA To provide this kind of service, you need data
Transit routes and schedules Street network (plus addresses, points
of interest for geocoding) Bicycling facilities (lanes, routes,
parking) Sidewalks, crosswalks, and other pedestrian infrastructure
Future: Park-and-ride lots, car-sharing, and/or bike-sharing
stations 12
Slide 13
O PEN D ATA S OURCES FOR O PEN T RIP P LANNER General Transit
Feed Specification (GTFS) Over 140 agencies in US have transit data
in this format, more than 447 world-wide Most agencies did this to
get on Google Transit But, GTFS is open-data format that anyone can
use Used by many mobile apps OpenTripPlanner Becoming a de facto
standard See GTFS Data Exchange for list of agencies with GTFS data
http://www.gtfs-data-exchange.com/ Or, ask your local agency Major
transit scheduling software packages can prepare GTFS
Slide 14
O PEN D ATA S OURCES FOR O PEN T RIP P LANNER OpenStreetMap.org
Think Wikipedia for geographic data People contribute data under a
Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 2.0 license Edit online,
using custom GPS traces, or programmatically Anyone can download
and use the data (not just the maps)
Slide 15
O PEN D ATA S OURCES FOR O PEN T RIP P LANNER National
Elevation Dataset (NED) Provides elevation data for biking/walking
in OTP Currently used to produce elevation graph, and for some
biking routing decisions
Slide 16
O PEN D ATA S OURCES FOR O PEN T RIP P LANNER Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) files OpenTripPlanner can also support
loading GIS (e.g.,.shp) files Local government sources: City County
Special Districts (parks, etc.) Ask your local government what data
might be available Especially if there isnt much OpenStreetMap
activity in your area
Slide 17
OPEN ISSUES Multimodal trip planning is a new field, and there
are still... 17
Slide 18
P EDESTRIAN S IGNALS & C ROSSINGS Implicit vs. Explicit
data coding of pedestrian infrastructure in OpenStreetMap Implicit
less work when sidewalks are always present and follow roads (e.g.,
downtown): Explicit less work when sidewalks are sparse, or dont
follow roads: 18
22 "highway=footway (normal sidewalk tag) "footway=crossing"
(new tag) "highway=crossing + P EDESTRIAN S IGNALS & C ROSSINGS
"crossing=pedestrian signals "marking=zebra "wheelchair=yes" FOR
OTP ROUTING:
Slide 23
P EDESTRIAN S IGNALS & C ROSSINGS How to support implicit
coding routing, and locations where explicit/implicit codings
merge? 23
Slide 24
O PEN I SSUES C ROWD - SOURCING L EVEL OF S ERVICE Having
traffic characteristics for roads would help in pedestrian/biking
routing decisions However, traditional road traffic metrics (i.e.,
traffic volume, width of lanes) are difficult/dangerous to
crowd-source Need better objective metrics to define bike and walk
"level-of-service" (i.e., how "good" an OSM way is for walking or
biking) that can easily be recorded by a casual observer 24
Slide 25
O PEN I SSUES P ERSONALIZING B IKING D IRECTIONS
Level-of-service metrics must translate to subjective judgments for
whether a cyclist would be comfortable riding on a specific road
Different for every cyclist: Some expert cyclists would be
comfortable riding on high traffic roads where other beginner
cyclists would not Also depends on presence of bike lanes,
shoulder, etc. What does an ideal user interface look like to meet
everyones needs, but not be overwhelming? Should we customize based
on some self- assessment of skill/comfort level? 25
Slide 26
O PEN I SSUES S PARSENESS OF OSM D ATA Many areas of U.S. are
still sparsely populated in OSM We believe OTP is a game-changer
now OSM contributors can see direct benefits of their work in OTP
routing What are the motivations/profiles of current U.S.
contributors? How can we leverage this knowledge, and visibility of
benefits in OTP, to motivate a larger crowd of OSM contributors?
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Slide 27
GO-Sync A Software Tool to Synchronize Transit Agency GTFS
Datasets with OpenStreetMap Coded by Khoa Tran
Slide 28
GO-S YNC M OTIVATION Shortcomings of official transit GTFS
datasets Inaccurate bus stop locations Lack of transit data in OSM
for many U.S. cities Goal create a tool that can: Share transit
agency data with OpenStreetMap community Leverage social mapping
model to improve bus stop inventory, and allow agency to retrieve
these improvements
Slide 29
C HALLENGES Need to respect work by other OSM users Avoid
overwriting existing OSM data Lack of a strict tagging system in
OSM Ex: route, routes, route_id route_ref Need to avoid duplicating
OSM data Ongoing updates to GTFS data Integration of crowd-sourced
data into transit agency internal datasets
Slide 30
GO-S YNC General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS)
OpenStreetMap (OSM) Synchronization
http://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/
http://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/ Open-source, under Apache
2.0 GO-Sync is an open-source tool that can synchronize GTFS
datasets with OSM Performs Point-conflation, or merging, for bus
stops in OSM
Slide 31
1) Input GTFS data and Agency Info
Slide 32
GO-Sync analysis, allowing user changes before upload
Slide 33
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Slide 35
E VALUATION IN T AMPA On July 2010, 3,812 new HART stops
uploaded (133 stops previously existed) By January 2011, 173
modifications were made Example: moved
Slide 36
E VALUATION IN T AMPA
Slide 37
GO-S YNC S UMMARY GO-Sync can help you leverage crowd-sourced
edits for your bus stop inventory Available to download from Google
Code http://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/
http://code.google.com/p/gtfs-osm-sync/ Caveats: Must have the GTFS
owners permission before upload!!! Its a prototype read the
instructions carefully!! May not be appropriate for all transit
agencies Knowledge of OSM is highly suggested Respect others work!
We would welcome improvements by other contributors! 37
Slide 38
CONCLUSIONS What should I take away from todays presentation?
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Slide 39
T AKEAWAYS Open-source multimodal trip planners are a reality
Get your GIS data together for your community GTFS OpenStreetMap
Local GIS Think about multimodal data connections Bike/walk is part
of trip, not whole trip Park-and-Ride lots, carsharing, bikesharing
Intersection data How might you benefit from crowd-sourced data?
Benefits of open software/data No vendor lock-in Community add-ons
(USF students created OTP Android app, USF BullRunner GTFS
data)
Slide 40
C ONTACT I NFORMATION Project Website:
http://www.locationaware.usf.edu/ongoing-
research/projects/open-transit-data/
http://www.locationaware.usf.edu/ongoing-
research/projects/open-transit-data/ OpenTripPlanner Tampa Demo:
Opentripplanner.usf.edu Sean Barbeau, M.S.
(OpenTripPlanner/Android) [email protected] (813) 974-7208 Ed
Hillsman, Ph.D.(OpenStreetMap) [email protected] (813) 974-2977
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