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TYROSAFE
Tyre and Road Surface Optimisation for Skid Resistance and Further Effects
Karen ScharniggBASt (Federal Highway Research Institute)
3rd International Road Surface Friction Conference Safer Road Surfaces – Saving Lives15th – 18th May 2011, Gold Coast (Australia)
Project information
• FP7 Coordination Action• Consortium:
AIT, former: arsenal research (Austria)BASt (Germany), IFSTTAR, former: LCPC (France), RWS-DVS (The Netherlands), TRL (UK), ZAG (Slovenia), FEHRL (Belgium)
• Duration: 2 years (July 2008 – June 2010)• Webpage: http://tyrosafe.fehrl.org
(safety)(energy)(health)
Background
Skid resistanceRolling resistanceNoise emission
©www.wdr.de/themen/wetter/nav/karten/europa.gif
different …
- measuring policies- measuring methods- measured parametersInterdependencies ??
Objectives / Concept
• raise awareness, coordinate and prepare for European harmonisation and optimisation
• of the assessment and management of essential tyre/road interaction parameters
• to increase road safety and support greening of European road transport
Knowledge sharing & awareness raising
Adoption & harmonisation
Identify best
practice(s)
Development of new solutions & technologies
WP
6 M
ana
gem
ent
WP1 Policies of EU countries of skid resistance, rolling resistance
and noise emissions
WP2 Harmonisation of skid-resistance test methods and choice of reference surfaces
WP3 Road surface properties – skid resistance, rolling
resistance, noise emissions
WP4 Environmental effects and impact of climatic change – skid resistance, rolling
resistance, noise emissions
WP5 Dissemination and raising awareness
future influence
Work Packages
WP1: Policies of EU countries of skid resistance, rolling resistance and noise emissions
Topics• Review of ... EU policies and standardisation work Current position in EU member states Differences, advantages/disadvantages of approaches
• Recommendations for future harmonised policies
Pictures provided by CEN/TC227/WG5 and Arsenal Research
Pictures provided by CEN/TC227/WG5 and AIT
WP1: Policies of EU countries of skid resistance, rolling resistance and noise emissions
...current status (concerning skid resistance):
• skid resistance - considered as an important surface property• no formal EU policy has been issued yet• policies only on national level
Policies exist in many European countries …• with different focus• on different networks (... more and higher level policies for high-level
roads ...)• with different machines or underlying standards• with different “depth”
“Everybody is doing it, but everybody is doing it differently.”
WP1: Policies of EU countries of skid resistance, rolling resistance and noise emissions
...recommendation for future harmonised policies – skid resistance:
• apply to Level 1 and Level 2 networks (motorways and principal roads linking major towns)
• apply to in-service roads (not to new asphalt surfacings) - the network should be monitored every year; maximum: every 3 years, in both directions
• measurement technique - Continuous measurement using a device for which there is an established standard (e.g. a CEN TS)
• values averaged over not more than100 m for comparison with thresholds
• Threshold levels will be based on the risk of skidding on different types of site with the overall objective of equalising skidding accident risk across the network.
• …
Topics:
• Test methods and reference surfaces for skid resistance in EU member states
• Differences, advantages/disadvantages of harmonization approaches
• Suggest a harmonization method (reference device and surfaces)
• Road map/implementation plan (2010, 2015, 2020)
WP2: Harmonisation of skid-resistance test methods and choice of reference surfaces
WP2: Harmonisation of skid-resistance test methods and choice of reference surfaces
• 23 different devices for measuring skid resistance identified – devices mostly used: pendulum, SCRIM/SKM, GripTester
• measuring principles: Longitudinal (LFC) and sideways (SFC) friction coefficients
• slip ratios varying from ABS to locked wheel
• different test tyres
• different operating conditions
Some projects on skid resistance measurement harmonization were executed, but ... no common scale or harmonized method available yet
18/06/2009 Drafted by P G Roe, suggestions by MT Do
Spec. for new device
Conversionsdeveloped
Measurement standard written
QA/calibrationProcedures established
New machine developed
Existing single machine chosen as reference
Existing device type identified as reference
Ref. fleetidentified
HARMONISED EU SYSTEM
Reference group principles chosen
CC
BB
D1D1
D2D2
COMMON SCALE
OPTIONAL USE COMMON SCALE
AA
Determination of the common scale EU application
EE
national transition to common scale
FULL EU STANDARDISATION
national transition to standard scale Replace national fleets
with standard device
CC Common Scale harmonising by reference to average of a group of machines of a single device type.
BB Common Scale harmonising by reference to the average of a group of machines from different device types but of similar operating principle.
AA Common Scale harmonising by reference to the average of all device types in use that have a defined technical specification.
Common Scale using one specified machine as the reference device.DD
Line DescriptionOptional use of common Scale for comparisons where a linked national device is available.
EE
All national fleets evolved to reference
device
Road Map
Topics:
• describe different parameters of road surfaces and tyres
• identify interdependencies
• recommendations for optimisation of road surfaces and tyres
• identify lack of knowledge and proposals for further research concerning the optimisation of road surfaces and tyres
WP3: Road surface properties – skid resistance / rolling resistance / noise emissions
Problems – optimising surface properties
Problems:
•currently surfaces and tyres – optimised separately
various aims for optimising, but similar focus (e.g. road - high skid resistance; tyre – wet friction)
different parameters for optimising
surfaces tested with specified methods – surfaces are optimised according to the test methods
tyres tested on specified surfaces – especially according to ISO 10844
•surfaces and tyres – optimised mostly with regard to one of the three surface properties
can be influenced
can‘t be influenced
can be partly influenced
Surface parameters vs. road surface properties
Interdependency matrix – surface parameters (excerpt)
parameters (asphalt surfaces) SR RR NE
aggregate properties
• shape +/o ? +
• angularity + - o
• polishing resistance + ? o
mixture parameters
• max aggregate size + + +
• binder content +/- ? +/-
• void content +/- + -
laying & compacting
• chipping material – aggregate size + + +
• chipping material – polishing resistance
+ ? o
• degree of compaction ? ? -
finished surface
• layer thickness ? ? +
• absorption o o +
• shape factor ? ? +
... • ... ... ... ... ...
still knowledge gaps research
needs
Future research – research areas
•identified thirteen main research areas
most important - how to measuring and interpreting texture as well as the contact patch of a tyre on the surface with regard to the three surface properties
divided in surface parameters (including measuring systems and environmental parameters), tyre parameters (including measuring systems and environmental parameters) and surface/tyre interaction - simulation models
•cover a period of about 20 years
WP4: Environmental effects and impact of climatic change
Topics:• Environmental implications of optimising skid resistance
Establish the importance of the various factors involved Establish current state of knowledge
• Identify areas for future research on environmental effects• Consider potential impact of climate change
WP4: Environmental effects and impact of climatic change
Strand 1: The influence that providing harmonised/optimised skid resistance could have on the environment
Strand 2: The effect of climate change on skid resistance
• Increased use of polish resistant aggregates (effects of quarrying and production, emissions from transportation, increased tyre wear particle emissions, increased rolling resistance fuel consumption and GHG and other exhaust emissions, reduced maintenance?)
• Increased texture depth (increase in noise)
• Likely scenarios for temperature, rainfall patterns, etc
• How skidding risk may change• How to address these changes – material
specifications (texture depth, drainage, ...)• Impact on harmonised/optimised skid
resistance (Including measurement techniques/survey strategies, will surface characteristics change over time (In different ways? Or on different timescales?))
Following points were discussed:
Webpage – public part
http://tyrosafe.fehrl.org
(Documents – public)
• presentations of the Workshops• deliverables• other publications
Thank you for your attention
and interest
on behalf of the TYROSAFE team!