Types of Elements

8/10/2019 Types of Elements

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Macam-macam UnsurLogam

Non logam

metalloids - semimetals


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Types of Elements Metals

an element that is a good conductor ofelectricity

at room temperature, most are solids malleable- can be rolled or hammeredinto sheets ductile- can be made into wire high tensile strength- can resist

breakage when pulled most have silvery or grayish white

luster


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Macam-Macam Unsur Logam

Konduktor listrik yang baik Disuhu ruang, sebagian besar=zat

padat Dapat di tempa Dapat dibentuk Tinggi daya rentang, dapat tahan

banting bila dijatuhkan Sperti perak / kilauan putih keabu-

abuan


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Types of Elements

Nonmetals an element that is a poor conductor of heat and

electricity many are gases at room temperature some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable


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Macam-macam unsur

Nonlogam Konduktor yang kurang baik dalam panas maupun

listrik Disuhu ruang banyak mengandung gas Benda zat padat: pada umumnya rapuh, tidak

dapat diempa


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Types of Elements

Metalloids an element that has some characteristics of

metals and nonmetals appear along staricase line B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te all are solids at room temperature less malleable that metals but less brittle than

nonmetals are semiconductors


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Macam-macam unsur

Metalloids Unsur yang memiliki karakteristik seperti: logam

dan non logam Kelihatan terus menaiki tangga barisan B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te Semuanya solid dalam temperatur ruang Logamnya:Kurang bisa ditempa TAPI lebih rapuh

dari nonlogam Semi peghantar


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Group 1: Alkali Metals Logam aktif, penyusunnya hanya ditemukan di alam Beraksi dengan kasar dengan air dari atom hidrogen

dan berdasar kuat: 2 Na (s) + H 2O (l) 2 NaOH (aq)+ H2 (g)

1 electron valence bentuk +1 ion karena kehilangan electron valence Beroksidasi seperti Na 2O, Li2O, K2O


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Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Very active metals, only found in compounds in nature React strongly with water to form hydrogen gas and a

base:

Ca (s) + 2 H 2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H 2 (g) 2 valence electrons Form +2 ion by losing those valence electrons Form oxides like CaO, MgO, BaO


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Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Logam yang sangat aktif, komponennya ditemukan di

alam Bereaksi sangat kuat dengan atom hidrogen

membentuk: Ca (s) + 2 H 2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H 2 (g)

2 valence electrons membentuk +2 ion oleh kehilanganvalence electrons

Membentuk oksidasi seperti CaO, MgO, BaO


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Groups 3-11: Transition Metals Many can form different possible charges of ions If there is more than one ion listed, give the charge as a

Roman numeral after the name Cu+1 = copper (I) Cu +2 = copper (II) Compounds containing these metals can be colored.


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Groups 3-11: logam peralihan Kebanyakan terdapat perbedaan bentuk yang memungkinkan

mengisi ion Jika terdapat lebih dari satu daftar ion, menyumbangkan isi

sebagai nama orang tanda nomor setelah nama Cu+1 = copper (I) Cu +2 = copper (II) Komponen mengandung logam yang dapat berwarna warni


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Group 17: Halogens Most reactive nonmetals React violently with metal atoms to form halide

compounds: 2 Na + Cl 2 2 NaCl Only found in compounds in nature Have 7 valence electrons Gain 1 valence electron from a metal to form -1 ions Share 1 valence electron with another nonmetal

atom to form one covalent bond.


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Group 17: Halogens Sebagian besar logam reaktif Reaksi dengan kasar bersama logam atom

membentuk komponen halide: 2 Na + Cl 2 2 NaCl Komponen hanya ditemukan di alam Punya 7 elektron valensi Memperoleh 1 elektron terluar membentuk logam

membentuk -1 ions

berbagi 1 valence electron dengan atom non logamlainnya untuk membentuk satu ikatan covalen


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Group 18: Noble Gases Are completely nonreactive since they have eight

valence electrons, making a stable octet. Kr and Xe can be forced, in the laboratory, to give up

some valence electrons to react with fluorine. Since noble gases do not naturally bond to any other

elements, one atom of noble gas is considered to bea molecule of noble gas. This is called a monatomicmolecule. Ne represents an atom of Ne and amolecule of Ne.


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Group 18: Noble Gases Sepenuhnya tidak bereaksi setelah memilik 8

elektron valensi, membuat 8 oktaf stabil. Kr dan Xe dapat dibuat, di laboratorium, untuk

memberi beberapa elektron valensi untukmereaksikan dengan fluorine.

semenjak noble gases tidak mengikat secara alamikepada beberapa logam, satu atom dari noble gasdipertimbankan untuk menjadi beberapa molekulnoble gas. Ini disebut molekul monoatomik. Ne mewakili dari atom Ne dan molekul Ne .


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Diatomic Molecules Br, I, N, Cl, H, O and F are so reactive that they exist in a more

chemically stable state when they covalently bond withanother atom of their own element to make two-atom, ordiatomic molecules.

Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2 and F 2 The decomposition of water : 2 H2O 2 H 2 + O 2


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Molekul Diatomik Br, I, N, Cl, H, O dan F adalah pereaksiitu ada dibeberapa

bagian stabil secara kimiawi saat mereka mengikat dengankovalen bersama atom lainnya dianatara logam milik nyauntuk membuat 2 atom, atau molekul diatomic.

Br2, I2, N2, Cl2, H2, O2 dan F 2 Pemecahan dari air : 2 H2O 2 H 2 + O 2


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Periodicity Properties of

Elements


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Atomic Radius

Atomic radius is the distance betweenoutermost electron to the nuclei of the atom.

In the same group, the atomic radius increasesfrom up to the bottom.

In the same period, the atomic radiusdecreases from left to the right.


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Atomic Radius

Atomic radius is jarak diantara elektronterjauh dengan inti atom.

In the same group, the atomic radius increasesfrom up to the bottom.

In the same period, the atomic radiusdecreases from left to the right.

Fi 11 36 R l ti t i i f


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Figure 11.36: Relative atomic sizes forselected atoms.


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Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is the released energy by anatom in gas form, after it accepts an electron.

In the same period from left to right, theaffinity has increasing tendency.

In the same group, from bottom to up, theaffinity has increasing tendency.


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Electron Affinity

Electron affinity is energy yang diperlukanuntuk melepas atom, setelah menerimaelektron.

In the same period from left to right, theaffinity has increasing tendency.

In the same group, from bottom to up, theaffinity has increasing tendency.


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Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is energi terendah yangdiperlukan untuk melepaskan elektron untukmenghasilkan atom positif.

In the same period from left to right theionization energy has increasing tendency.

In the same group from up to bottom, the

ionization potential has decreasing tendency.


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Ionization Energy

Ionization energy is defined as the minimumenergy required for ionizing an isolatedgaseous atom to produce positive ion.

In the same period from left to right theionization energy has increasing tendency.

In the same group from up to bottom, the

ionization potential has decreasing tendency.


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Electronegativity

Electronegativity is the tendency of everyelement for attracting electrons into itsbonding.

In the same period from left to right theelectronegativity has increasing tendency.

In the same group from up to bottom, theelectronegativity has decreasing tendency.


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Electronegativity

Electronegativity is kecenderungan setiapunsur untukmenarik elektron kedalam ikatan.

In the same period from left to right theelectronegativity has increasing tendency.

In the same group from up to bottom, theelectronegativity has decreasing tendency.


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Types of Elements