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Medieval Conflicts
Types of Conflict
Ideological- based on a difference of ideas, beliefs, philosophies, or religion
Territorial- based on the desire to acquire more land. Or to protect significant land holdings
The Crusades
A series of holy wars
Jerusalem was a Holy City and a magnet for pilgrims/Muslims and Arabs controlled his area
In 1071 the Seljuk Turks took Palestine, closing it off from Christians
Pope Urban II started a war to win back the Holy Land for Christianity
Christian Soldiers
Called crusaders
Promised forgiveness of their sins, a share of the spoils of war, and release from debts and punishments
Some were trained knights, but many were poor peasants
1096- First Crusade
34,000 solders
Took Muslim territory along the Mediterranean shore
Captured the Holy Land in 1099
The Christians only victory
1147-Second Crusade
In 1187, Saladin, the great Muslim warrior reconquered Jerusalem
Several more Crusades followed
Crusaders built castles and controlled parts of the Holy Land for many years
By 1291 the last of the Crusaders had abandoned their cause and set sail for home
The Hundred Years’ War
A series of conflicts that lasted from 1337-1453
England verses France
Trade and land disputes
Early Years…
English defeated the French
Better strategy and the longbow
Army of archers on foot vs. French armored knights on horseback
Cannons were later used
In 1360, France signed a treaty to turn over one-third of all French territory to the English
Joan of Arc
For the next 50 years, the French and English battled back and forth.
In 1429, the 17-year-old saw Charles, heir to the French throne.
She said God had told her to save France, and Charles gave her command of the French army at Orleans.
Joan of Arc
Joan won that battle, inspiring the French people.
Called “the Maid of Orleans”
Her only victory
Captured by Burgundy (English allies), who tried her for witchcraft and burned her at the steak.
This inspired the French to victory. By 1453, they had won back most of their land.
Assignment
Read “Perspectives on the Past: The Black Death” on pages 277-8
Answer the questions at the beginning of the passage.
One page
Due Thursday
