Types if Information System

8/8/2019 Types if Information System

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Types of Information SystemTypes of Information System


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4 Levels of Information System4 Levels of Information System

y Operational-level system

y

Knowledge-level systemy Management-level system

y Strategic level system


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y Operational-level Systems

Support operational managers by keeping

track of the elementary activities and

transactions of the organisation. The principle

purpose of systems at this level is to answer

routine questions and track the flow of

transactions through the organisation. Covers

things such as sales, receipts, cash deposits,

payroll, credit decisions, flow of materials.


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y Knowledge-level Systems

Support knowledge and data workers in an

organisation. The purpose of these systems is to

help the organisation discover, organise andintegrate new and existing knowledge in to the

business, and to help control the flow of

paperwork. These systems, specially in the form

of collaboration tools, workstations, and officesystems, are the fastest growing applications in

business today.


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KnowledgeKnowledge--level Systemslevel Systems

y Office Automation Systems (OAS) Targeted at meeting the knowledge needs ofdata workers

within the organisation

Data workers tend to process rather than createinformation. Primarily involved in information use,

manipulation or dissemination.y Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)

Targeted at meeting the knowledge needs ofknowledgeworkers within the organisation

In general, knowledge workers hold degree-level

professional qualifications (e.g. engineers, scientists,lawyers), their jobs consist primarily in creating newinformation and knowledge

KWS, such as scientific or engineering design workstations,promote the creation of new knowledge, and itsdissemination and integration throughout the organisation.


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y Management-level Systems

Designed to serve the the monitoring,controlling, decision-making, and administrative

activities of middle managers. These typically

provide periodic reports rather than instant

information on operations. Some of thesesystems support non-routine decision-making,

focusing on less-structured decisions for which

information requirements are not always clear.

This will often require information from outsidethe organisation, as well as from normal

operational-level data.


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y Strategic-level Systems

Help senior management tackle and address

strategic issues and long-term trends, both

within the organisation and in the external

environment. Principal concern is matching

organisational capability to changes, and

opportunities, occurring in the medium to long

term (i.e. 5 - 10 years) in the external

environment.


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Typically, an organisation might have operational,knowledge, management and strategic levelsystems for each functional area within theorganisation. This would be based on themanagement model adopted by theorganisation, so, while the most commonly-

adopted systems structure would simply followthe standard functional model, structuresreflecting bureaucratic, product and matrixmodels are also possible.

As identified before, enterprise levelinformation systems attempt to encompass thewhole organisation in one system.


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OperationalOperational--level Systemslevel Systems

y Transaction-Processing Systems (TPS)

Basic business systems

Perform daily routine transactions necessary

for business functions

At the operational level, tasks, resources and

goals are predefined and highly structured


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ManagementManagement--level Systemslevel Systemsy Management Information Systems (MIS)

MIS provide managers with reports and, in

some cases, on-line access to the organisations

current performance and historical records

Typically these systems focus entirely on

internal events, providing the information for

short-term planning and decision making. MIS summarise and report on the basic

operations of the organisation, dependent on

the underlying TPS for their data.


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y Decision-Support Systems (DSS)

As MIS, these serve the needs of themanagement level of the organisation

Focus on helping managers make decisions thatare semi-structured, unique, or rapidly changing,

and not easily specified in advance Use internal information from TPS and MIS, but

also information from external sources

Greater analytical power than other systems,

incorporate modelling tools, aggregation andanalysis tools, and support what-ifscenarios

Must provide user-friendly, interactive tools


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StrategicStrategic--level Systemslevel Systems

y Executive Support/Information Systems

(ESS/EIS)

Serve the strategic level of the organisation ESS/EIS address unstructured decisions and

create a generalised computing and

communications environment, rather than

providing any fixed application or specificcapability. Such systems are not designed to

solve specific problems, but to tackle a changing

array of problems


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Thank you

Documents

Types if Information System