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Please note NEW acetaminophen oral suspension dosing below this will replace the OLD infant concentrated drops There may be a time when both preparations will be sold or you still have them in your cabinet It is OK to use either preparation just verify which preparation you have and be sure to administer the correct dose according to the chart below July 2011
Tylenol Dosage Table
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be given every 4 hours
Weight (pounds)
Chewable Tablets (80mgtablet)
ChildrenrsquosInfant Oral Suspension
(160mgteaspoon) ldquoNEWrdquo CONCENTRATION
Drops (80mg08ml) ldquoOLDrdquo CONCENTRATION
6‐11 frac14 tsp or 125ml 04ml
12‐17 frac12 tsp or 25ml 08ml
18‐23 1 frac12 tablets frac34 tsp or 375ml 12ml
24‐35 2 1 tsp or 5ml 16ml
36‐47 3 1 frac12 or 75 ml
48‐59 4 2 tsp or 10 ml
60‐71 5 2 frac12 tsp or 125ml
72‐95 6 3 tsp or 15 ml
Ibuprofen (AdvilMotrin) Dosage Table
Ibuprofen may be given every 6 hours
We do not recommend alternating Tylenol and Ibuprofen drops because of potential confusion in dosing
We do not recommend Ibuprofen for children under 6 months of age
Weight Chewable Tablets(50mgtablet)
Infantrsquos Oral Suspension
(50mg125ml)
Childrens Suspension (100mg5ml)
12‐17 125 ml frac12 tsp or 25ml
18‐23 1875 ml 34 tsp or 375ml
24‐35 2 ‐ 1 tsp or 5 ml
36‐47 3 ‐ 1 frac12 tsp or 75ml
48‐59 4 ‐ 2 tsp or 10ml
60‐71 5 ‐ 2 frac12 tsp or 125ml
72‐95 6 ‐ 3 tsp or 15 ml
Over 96 8 ‐ 4 tsp or 20 ml
Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the UnitedStates Most of these injuries can be prevented
Often injuries happen because parents are not aware of what their children can do Children learn fast and before you know it your child will be jumping running riding a tricycle and using tools Your child is at special risk for injuries from falls drowning poisons burns and car crashes Your child doesnrsquot understand dangers or remember ldquonordquo while playing and exploring
FallsBecause your childrsquos abilities are so great now he or she will find an endless variety of dangerous situations at home and in the neighborhood
Your child can fall off play equipment out of windows down stairs off a bike or tricycle and off anything that can be climbed on Be sure the surface under play equipment is soft enough to absorb a fall Use safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber sand wood chips or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches underneath play equipment Install the protective surface at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment
Lock the doors to any dangerous areas Use gates on stairways and install operable window guards above the first floor Fence in the play yard If your child has a serious fall or does not act normally after a fall call your doctor
Firearm HazardsChildren in homes where guns are present are in more danger of being shot by themselves their friends or family members than of being injured by an intruder It is best to keep all guns out of the home If you choose to keep a gun keep it unloaded and in a locked place with the ammunition locked separately Handguns are especially dangerous Ask if the homes where your child visits or is cared for have guns and how they are stored
BurnsThe kitchen can be a dangerous place for your child especially when you are cooking If your child is underfoot hot liquids grease and hot foods can spill on him or her and cause serious burns Find something safe for your child to do while you are cooking
Remember that kitchen appliances and other hot surfaces such as irons ovens wallheaters and outdoor grills can burn your child long after you have finished using them
2to
4Ye
ars
2 TO 4 YEARSSafety for Your Child
(over)
If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater
Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year
PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers
If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit
And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat
The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag
Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror
Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury
HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics
The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances
From Your Doctor
5Like
Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Ages amp Stages
What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas
Here are some milestones to look for
Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility
Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters
Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories
Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
1 of 2 4192012 247 PM
topic landing page
Engages in fantasy play
Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange
Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately
Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
2 of 2 4192012 247 PM
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
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CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
Did you know that injuries are the leading cause of death of children younger than 4 years in the UnitedStates Most of these injuries can be prevented
Often injuries happen because parents are not aware of what their children can do Children learn fast and before you know it your child will be jumping running riding a tricycle and using tools Your child is at special risk for injuries from falls drowning poisons burns and car crashes Your child doesnrsquot understand dangers or remember ldquonordquo while playing and exploring
FallsBecause your childrsquos abilities are so great now he or she will find an endless variety of dangerous situations at home and in the neighborhood
Your child can fall off play equipment out of windows down stairs off a bike or tricycle and off anything that can be climbed on Be sure the surface under play equipment is soft enough to absorb a fall Use safety-tested mats or loose-fill materials (shredded rubber sand wood chips or bark) maintained to a depth of at least 9 inches underneath play equipment Install the protective surface at least 6 feet (more for swings and slides) in all directions from the equipment
Lock the doors to any dangerous areas Use gates on stairways and install operable window guards above the first floor Fence in the play yard If your child has a serious fall or does not act normally after a fall call your doctor
Firearm HazardsChildren in homes where guns are present are in more danger of being shot by themselves their friends or family members than of being injured by an intruder It is best to keep all guns out of the home If you choose to keep a gun keep it unloaded and in a locked place with the ammunition locked separately Handguns are especially dangerous Ask if the homes where your child visits or is cared for have guns and how they are stored
BurnsThe kitchen can be a dangerous place for your child especially when you are cooking If your child is underfoot hot liquids grease and hot foods can spill on him or her and cause serious burns Find something safe for your child to do while you are cooking
Remember that kitchen appliances and other hot surfaces such as irons ovens wallheaters and outdoor grills can burn your child long after you have finished using them
2to
4Ye
ars
2 TO 4 YEARSSafety for Your Child
(over)
If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater
Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year
PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers
If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit
And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat
The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag
Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror
Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury
HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics
The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances
From Your Doctor
5Like
Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Ages amp Stages
What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas
Here are some milestones to look for
Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility
Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters
Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories
Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
1 of 2 4192012 247 PM
topic landing page
Engages in fantasy play
Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange
Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately
Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
2 of 2 4192012 247 PM
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
pat
h
Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
light
wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
If your child does get burned immediately put cold water on the burned area Keep the burned area in coldwater for a few minutes to cool it off Then cover the burn loosely with a dry bandage or clean cloth Callyour doctor for all burns To protect your child from tap water scalds the hottest temperature at the faucetshould be no more than 120˚F In many cases you can adjust your water heater
Make sure you have a working smoke alarm on every level of your home especially in furnace and sleeping areasTest the alarms every month It is best to use smoke alarms that use long-life batteries but if you do not change the batteries at least once a year
PoisoningsYour child will be able to open any drawer and climb anywhere curiosity leads Your child may swallow anythinghe or she finds Use only household products and medicines that are absolutely necessary and keep them safely capped and out of sight and reach Keep all products in their original containers
If your child does put something poisonous in his or her mouth call the Poison Help Lineimmediately Attach the Poison Help Line number (1-800-222-1222) to your phone Do not make your child vomit
And Remember Car SafetyCar crashes are the greatest danger to your childrsquos life and health The crushing forces to your childrsquos brain and body in a collision or sudden stop even at low speeds can cause injuries or death To prevent these injuries correctly USE a car safety seat EVERY TIME your child is in the car If your child weighs more than the highest weight allowed by the seat or if his or her ears come to the top of the car safety seat use a belt-positioning booster seat
The safest place for all children to ride is in the back seat In an emergency if a child must ride in the front seat move the vehicle seat back as far as it can go away from the air bag
Do not allow your child to play or ride a tricycle in the street Your child should play in a fenced yard or playground Driveways are also dangerous Walk behind your car before you back out of your driveway to be sure your child is not behind your car You may not see your child through the rearview mirror
Remember the biggest threat to your childrsquos life and health is an injury
HE0021-D3-42rev0805TIPPregmdashThe Injury Prevention Program copy 1994 American Academy of Pediatrics
The information in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care andadvice of your pediatrician There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on the individual facts and circumstances
From Your Doctor
5Like
Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Ages amp Stages
What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas
Here are some milestones to look for
Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility
Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters
Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories
Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
1 of 2 4192012 247 PM
topic landing page
Engages in fantasy play
Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange
Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately
Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
2 of 2 4192012 247 PM
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
pat
h
Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
light
wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
5Like
Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Healthy Children gt Ages amp Stages gt Toddler gt Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds
Ages amp Stages
What are some of the developmental milestones my childshould reach by three to four years of ageWith your childrsquos third birthday the ldquoterrible twosrdquo are officially over and the ldquomagic yearsrdquo ofthree and four beginmdasha time when your childrsquos world will be dominated by fantasy and vividimagination During the next two years hersquoll mature in many areas
Here are some milestones to look for
Movement milestonesHops and stands on one foot up to five secondsGoes upstairs and downstairs without supportKicks ball forwardThrows ball overhandCatches bounced ball most of the timeMoves forward and backward with agility
Milestones in hand and finger skillsCopies square shapesDraws a person with two to four body partsUses scissorsDraws circles and squaresBegins to copy some capital letters
Language milestonesUnderstands the concepts of ldquosamerdquo and ldquodifferentrdquoHas mastered some basic rules of grammarSpeaks in sentences of five to six wordsSpeaks clearly enough for strangers to understandTells stories
Cognitive milestonesCorrectly names some colorsUnderstands the concept of counting and may know a few numbersApproaches problems from a single point of viewBegins to have a clearer sense of timeFollows three-part commandsRecalls parts of a storyUnderstands the concept of samedifferent
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
1 of 2 4192012 247 PM
topic landing page
Engages in fantasy play
Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange
Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately
Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
2 of 2 4192012 247 PM
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
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at g
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er
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as ~hings
that
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r
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e an
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re p
ath
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side
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gard
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ose
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r pi
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ake
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ath
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mak
e a
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ur
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irl a
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~--
-_
__
__
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___
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__ _
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------
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e A
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Use
rs G
Uid
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otte
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199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
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lishi
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ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
topic landing page
Engages in fantasy play
Social and emotional milestonesInterested in new experiencesCooperates with other childrenPlays ldquoMomrdquo or ldquoDadrdquoIncreasingly inventive in fantasy playDresses and undressesNegotiates solutions to conflictsMore independentImagines that many unfamiliar images may be ldquomonstersrdquoViews self as a whole person involving body mind and feelingsOften cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality
Developmental health watchBecause each child develops in his own particular manner itrsquos impossible to tell exactly when or how hersquoll perfect agiven skill The developmental milestones listed in this book will give you a general idea of the changes you canexpect as your child gets older but donrsquot be alarmed if his development takes a slightly different course Alert yourpediatrician however if your child displays any of the following signs of possible developmental delay for this agerange
Cannot throw a ball overhandCannot jump in placeCannot ride a tricycleCannot grasp a crayon between thumb and fingersHas difficulty scribblingCannot stack four blocksStill clings or cries whenever his parents leave himShows no interest in interactive gamesIgnores other childrenDoesnrsquot respond to people outside the familyDoesnrsquot engage in fantasy playResists dressing sleeping using the toiletLashes out without any self-control when angry or upsetCannot copy a circleDoesnrsquot use sentences of more than three wordsDoesnrsquot use ldquomerdquo and ldquoyourdquo appropriately
Last Updated 12292011Source Caring for Your Baby and Young Child Birth to Age 5 (Copyright copy 2009 American Academy ofPediatrics)
HealthyChildrenorg - Developmental Milestones 3 to 4 Year Olds httpwwwhealthychildrenorgEnglishages-stagestoddlerPagesDeve
2 of 2 4192012 247 PM
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
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mor
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olal
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d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
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gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
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cttin
g dr
essc
d
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urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
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Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
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er
is a
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ain
goin
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p an
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own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
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ve t
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are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
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layi
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toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
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o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
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ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
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of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
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e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
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ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
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ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
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t with
you
r ch
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entif
y th
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unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
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ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
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or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
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usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
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Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
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wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
How can I make mealtimes happy Make mealtime a family time Children like to eat with other people
Sit down and eat meals with your child Try to have meals and snacks at about the same time every day Do not bribe play games or force your child to eat Children need
to control their own eating Expect your child to spill sometimes Your child can use a child spoon
or fork You can start to teach your child good table manners Relax and enjoy your meal Do not make your childrsquos eating the
center of attention Keep the TV off during meals Make mealtime a quiet time for talking Set a good example Eat many different kinds of food Your child will
want to eat what you eat
How can I get my child interested in eating healthy foods Kids like to help plan meals and shop Let your child help pick out
fruits and vegetables at the store Try to go when your child is nottired or hungry
Kids also like to help in the kitchen Even a 4 year old can wash fruitsand vegetables tear lettuce for a salad cut up soft fruits witha plastic knife or stir batter for muffins
Your child can set the table and help clean up Your child will beproud to help
Your child can help you fix fun healthy lunches for preschool orkindergarten
Kids love to learn about how foods are grownand made Here are some ideas plant a garden or even a few plants in pots visit a farm or fruit stand pick fruit tour a bakery or dairy
This is my goal
1 scrambled egg 12 cup cereal1 slice toast 12 banana12 cup milk 12 cup milk12 apple sliced
peanut butter sandwich 34 cup vegetable beef soup (2 slices bread 1 tortilla or 4 crackers 2 tablespoons peanut butter) 12 cup yogurt13 cup peas water1 ounce small cheese pieceswater
34 cup dry cereal 1 slice toast with12 cup juice 2 tablespoons peanut butter
water
3 tablespoons baked chicken soft taco with beans and13 cup mashed potatoes meat (1 tortilla13 cup broccoli 14 cup beans12 cup milk 3 tablespoons meat)
13 cup rice13 cup cooked carrots12 orange sliced12 cup milk
4 graham cracker squares 8 animal crackers12 cup milk 12 cup milk
Children this age only need 4 to 6 small servings ofmilk or milk products every day No more than 24ounces (710 milliliters) of milk per day All milk has thesame vitamins and minerals whether it is nonfat 2or whole milk Limit juice to 12 cup (120 milliliters) perday Serve fruit instead of juice when you can If yourchild is thirsty at other times offer your child waterinstead of sweet drinks Sweet drinks like pop Kool-Aidreg and juice drinks can make your child feel full
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Snack
Snack
Day 1 Day 2Feeding Your3 to 5 Year OldFeeding Your3 to 5 Year Old
Sample Menus for Your Child
HealthWashington State Department of
DOH Pub 961-188 92005
Adapted from California Department of Health WIC Supplemental Nutrition BranchPrinted by Washington State Department of Health WIC Program WIC is an equalopportunity program For persons with disabilities this document is available onrequest in other formats To submit a request please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDDTTY1-800-833-6388)
Warning Children under age 4 can choke on foods like hot dogspopcorn nuts raw carrots grapes jelly beans gum and hardcandy Avoid these foods Cut hot dogs into very small pieces
Always wash handsbefore and after eating
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
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of p
aper
and
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ake
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e c~oki
~g or
eat
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play
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ore
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ith y
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A
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ups
fill
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ith ju
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or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
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cttin
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essc
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r to
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e w
ith b
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Pla
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Pee
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h th
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Pre
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Fin
d la
rge
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es c
t oa
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cr c
ardshy
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d fo
r yo
ur c
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to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
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ons
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Cils
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ay
draw
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e w
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yQ
U lc
llow
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le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
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d to
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read
pea
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r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
pat
h
Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
light
wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
hildren know how much theyneed to eat But they do not knowwhat kinds of foods they need
When it is time to eat offer yourchild healthy foods You decidewhat to serve and when to serve it
Your child will decide how muchto eat from the foods you serve
Serve your child 3 meals and 2snacks every day
Serve a variety of healthy foodsevery day
Children eat more on some daysthan others
What your child eats in one daymay not match the food guideThink about all the foods yourchild eats over several days
Feeding your3 to 5 yearold
C
Food Guide Pyramid
Breads Grainsand Cereals
6 to 11 servings
Protein Foods2 to 3 servings
Fats Oils and Sweets
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Milk Products4 to 6 servings
One Serving Is About
2 to 4servingseach day
3 to 5servingseach day
6 to 11servingseach day
4 to 6servingseach day
2 to 3servingseach day
Breads Grains CerealsBread slice tortilla roll muffin pancake waffle12Dry cereal 13ndash12 cup or 80ndash120 mLNoodles rice cooked cereal14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLCrackers 2 smallOffer your child some whole grain foods every day
VegetablesCooked 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLRaw 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLOffer your child a dark green or yellow vegetable every day like carrotsbroccoli spinach sweet potato or squash
FruitsFresh 12ndash1 smallCanned or frozen 14ndash12 cup or 60ndash120 mLJuice 14 cup or 60 mLOffer your child a good vitamin C fruit every day like orange strawberriesmelon mango papaya or juices
Milk ProductsMilk or breast milk12 cup or 120 mLCheese 34 ounce or 20 gCottage cheese 34 cup or 180 mLYogurt pudding or custard made with milk 12 cup or 120 mLFrozen yogurt ice cream 34 cup or 180 mLGive your child whole milk up to age 2 then lowfat milk
Protein FoodsAnimal Protein
Meat chicken turkey fish 2 tablespoons or 30 mLEggs 1
Vegetable ProteinCooked dry beans lentils 12 cup or 120 mLPeanut butter2 tablespoons or 30 mLTofu 12 cup or 120 mLMeat and beans have the most iron
Fats Oils and SweetsGive your child these foods once in a while
Start with small servings Give about 1 tablespoon (15 mL) of each foodfor each year of your childrsquos age For example if your child is 4 yearsold serve your child 4 tablespoons (60 mL) of vegetables and 4 tablespoonsof rice Let your child ask for more
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
pat
h
Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
light
wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
AC
TIV
ITIE
S F
OR
CH
ILD
RE
N 3
6 -
48
MO
NT
HS
OL
D
Mak
e a
book
ab
out m
e fo
r yo
ur c
hild
S
ave
fam
ily p
ictu
res
loav
es
mag
ashyzi
ne p
ictu
res
of a
favo
rite
food
an
d dr
awin
gs y
our
child
mak
es P
ut th
em
a ph
oto
albu
m o
r gl
ue o
ole
shee
ts
of p
aper
and
sta
ple
toge
ther
to m
ake
a bo
ok
I~Vhil
e c~oki
~g or
eat
ing
dinn
er
play
th
e m
ore
or le
ss
gam
e w
ith y
our
ohild
A
sk w
ho h
as
mor
e p
olal
oeo
an
d w
ho h
as le
ss T
ry t
his
usin
g sa
meshy
size
gla
sses
or c
ups
fill
ed w
ith ju
ice
or m
ilk
IWhe
n yo
ur c
hild
is g
cttin
g dr
essc
d
enco
urag
e he
r to
pra
ctic
e w
ith b
utto
ns
and
zipp
ers
Pla
ya g
ame
Pee
ka-
I boo
to s
how
her
how
but
tons
go
th
roug
h th
e ho
les
Pre
tend
the
zipp
er
is a
cho
o-ch
oo tr
ain
goin
g u
p an
dId
own
the
track
Fin
d la
rge
piec
es c
t oa
per
cr c
ardshy
boar
d fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to d
raw
on
Usi
ng
cray
ons
pen
Cils
or
mar
kers
pl
ay
draw
ing
gam
e w
here
yQ
U lc
llow
his
le
ad b
y co
pyin
g ex
actly
wha
t he
draw
s N
ext
enco
urag
e hi
m to
cop
y
IyQur
dra
win
gs
such
as
circ
les
or
st
raig
ht li
nes
__
_ l
Mak
e a
bird
feed
er u
sing
pea
nut b
utte
r an
d bi
rd s
eed
Hel
p yo
ur c
hild
fin
d a
pine
con
e or
pi
ece
woc
d to
sp
read
pea
nut b
utte
r on
Rol
l in
or
sprin
kle
with
see
ds a
nd h
ang
in a
or
out
side
a w
indo
w W
hile
you
r chi
id
wat
ches
the
bird
s a
sk h
er a
bout
the
num
ber
size
an
d co
lor
of th
e di
ffert
mt
bird
s th
at v
isit
Cut
out
som
e la
rge
pape
r circ
les
and
show
the
m to
you
r ch
ild T
alk
with
you
r ch
ild a
bout
thin
gs in
her
wor
ld t
hat
are
I ro
und
(a
ball
the
moo
n) C
ut th
e ci
rshyel
e in
hal
f an
d as
k he
r if
she
can
mak
e it
roun
d ag
ain
Nex
t cu
t the
I c
le in
to t
hree
pie
ces
and
sof
orth
I Pra
ctic
e fo
llcw
ing
dire
ctiQ
ns P
laya
si
lly g
ame
whe
re y
ou a
sk y
our c
hild
to
do tw
o or
thre
e fu
n or
unu
suel
thi
ngs
in a
ruw
FQ
r ex
ampl
e a
sk h
im to
T
Quc
h yQ
ur e
lbow
and
then
run
in a
C
ircle
or
F
ind
a bo
ok a
nd o
ut it
on
your
hea
d
Whe
n rE
adin
g or
teili
ng a
fam
iliar
sto
ry
for
bedt
ime
sto
p an
d le
ave
out a
I w
ord
~Jait fo
r yo
ur c
hild
to
fill i
n th
e I b
lank
Gro
w a
pla
nt C
hoos
e se
eds
that
sp
rQut
qui
ckly
(be
ans
or p
eas)
an
d to
geth
er w
ith y
our c
hild
pla
ce Ih
e se
eds
in a
pap
er c
up
fillin
g al
mQ
st to
to
p w
ith d
irt
la
ce th
e se
eds
I in
ch u
nder
tile
SQ
il Pu
t the
cup
in
a su
nny
win
dow
sill
and
enco
urag
e yo
ur
cril
d to
wat
er
wat
ch th
e pi
ant
grow
Dur
ing
bath
tim
e p
lay
Sim
on S
ays
to
teac
h yo
ur c
hild
nam
es o
f bod
y pa
rts
Firs
t yo
u ca
n S
imon
an
d he
lp
yQur
chi
ld w
ash
the
part
of h
is b
ody
that
S
imon
say
s
Let y
our
child
hav
e tu
rn
ile S
imon
to
c B
e su
re to
na
me
each
bod
y pa
rt a
s it
is w
ashe
d an
d gi
ve y
our
child
a c
hanc
e to
was
h hi
mse
lf
Enc
oura
ge y
cur
child
s
shar
ing
skill
s
by m
akin
g a
play
CQ
rner
in y
our
hom
e
Incl
ude
only
rNC
chi
ldre
n to
sta
rt (
a br
Qth
er
sist
er
or fr
iend
) an
d ha
ve a
fe
w o
f the
sam
e ty
pe o
f toy
s av
aila
ble
the
child
ren
don
t ha
ve t
e sh
are
the
time
Pup
pets
or
bloc
ks a
re g
ood
beca
use
they
enc
oura
ge p
layi
ng
toge
ther
If
need
ed
use
an e
gg o
r ov
en t
imer
with
a b
ell t
o al
low
the
chilshy
dren
equ
al ti
me
with
to
ys
Mak
e ne
ckla
ce y
ou c
un e
at b
y st
ringi
ng C
heer
ios
or
Fro
ot L
oops
on
a pi
ece
of y
arn
or s
tring
Wra
p sh
ort
pec
e of
tape
aro
und
Ihe
end
of th
e st
ring
to m
ake
a fir
m t
ip lo
r st
ringi
ng
Bef
ore
bedt
ime
look
at a
mag
azin
e o
r ch
ildre
ns
book
toge
ther
Ask
you
r ch
ild t
o po
int t
o pi
ctur
es a
s yo
a na
me
them
su
ch a
s W
here
is th
e tru
ck
Bo
sill
y an
d as
k hi
m to
hi
s el
bow
or
foot
Ask
him
sh
ow y
ou
som
ethi
ng th
at is
rou
nd o
r so
met
hing
th
nt g
oes
fast
Talk
abo
ut th
e nu
mbe
r 3
Rea
d st
orie
s th
at h
ave
3 in
them
(Th
e Th
ree
Bill
y G
oats
Gru
ff T
hree
Litt
le P
igs
7he
Th
ree
Bea
rs)
Enc
oura
ge y
our c
hild
to
coun
t to
3 us
ing
sim
ilar o
bjec
ts (
rock
s
card
s b
lock
s) T
alk
abou
t be
ing
3 ye
ars
old
Afte
r you
r chi
ld g
ets
the
idea
m
ove
up to
the
nwnb
ers
4 5
an
d so
fort
h as
long
as
your
chi
ld is
in
tere
sted
List
en fo
r so
unds
Fin
d a
cozy
SPQ
t an
d si
t with
you
r ch
ild L
iste
n an
d id
entif
y th
e so
unds
ha
t ycu
hea
r A
sk y
our c
hild
if I
t is
a lo
ud Q
r sof
t so
und
Try
this
act
ivity
insi
de a
nd o
ut-
your
hom
e
List
en a
lld d
ance
to m
usic
will
l you
r ch
ild Y
ou c
an s
top
the
mus
ic fo
r a
mom
ent a
nd p
lay
the
~re
eze
gam
e w
here
eve
ryon
e f
reez
es
or s
tand
s pe
rfect
ly s
till
until
you
sta
rt th
e m
usic
n
ain
Try
to
fre
eze
in u
nusu
al p
osishy
tions
for
fun
Pla
ya m
atch
ing
gam
e F
ind
two
sets
of
10
or m
ore
pict
ures
You
can
use
pi
ctur
es fr
om t
wo
copi
es Q
f sa
me
I mag
azin
e or
a d
eck
of p
layi
ng c
ards
La
y th
e pi
ctur
es f
ace
up a
nd a
sk y
our
child
to f
ind
two
that
are
the
sam
e
Sta
rt w
ith t
wo
pict
ure
sets
and
gra
dushy
ally
ade
l mor
e
Put
out
sev
eral
obj
ects
tha
t are
fam
ilshyia
r to
your
chi
ld (
brus
h c
oat
bana
na
spoo
n b
oo
k)l
sk y
ou
r ch
ild to
sho
w
you
whi
ch o
ne y
ou c
an e
at o
r w
hich
on
e yo
u w
ear o
utsi
de H
elp
your
chi
ld
put t
he o
bjec
ts i
n g
roup
s th
at g
o to
geth
er
such
as ~hings
that
we
eat
and
thi
ngs
that
we
wea
r
Mak
e an
adv
entu
re p
ath
Qut
side
a
gard
en h
ose
rop
e o
r pi
ece
of c
halk
an
d m
ake
a p
ath
that
goe
s un
der t
he
benc
h a
roun
d th
e tre
e a
nd a
long
the
wal
l W
alk
your
chi
ld t
hrou
gh th
e pa
th
first
us
ing
thes
e w
ords
Afte
r she
do
it
mak
e a
new
pat
h or
hav
e yo
ur
child
ma
ke a
pat
h
Mak
e lo
ng s
carv
es o
ut o
f fab
ric
scra
ps
old
dres
ses
Qr Q
ld s
hirts
by
tear
ing
or c
uttin
g lo
ng p
iece
s U
se
mat
eria
l tha
t is
light
wei
ght
Hol
d on
to
the
edge
of t
he s
carf
tw
irl a
roun
d
run
and
jum
p
~--
-_
__
__
_I_
___
-__
__ _
__--
------
J Th
e A
SQ
Use
rs G
Uid
e S
econ
d E
ditio
n S
quire
s P
otte
r an
d B
rioke
r
199
9 P
aul
H
Bro
okes
Pub
lishi
ng
ww
wa
gesa
ndst
ages
com
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
As an adult
it is important
to replace
calcium
through
dmiddot your ret
CALCIUM The Bone Builder
Calcium is a builder and a helper mineral bull 99 of the calcium in your body builds and maintains bones and teeth
bull the other 1 helps your heart beat helps your muscles contract and relax helps clot your blood when necessary and helps your nerves send messages
The need for calcium starts when you are an infant Your greatest need for calcium comes during the pre-teens to the mid-twenties when bones become the strongest they will ever be This is the time to build your bone bank for the adult years ahead Beginning at age 30-35 the calcium balance in your bone bank will begin a slow natural decrease As an adult it is important to replace calcium through your diet every day to keep your calcium balance as high as possible
If your diet is too low in calcium this vital mineral will be withdrawn from your bone bank for the other important functions that require calcium Over time if the calcium taken from your bones is not replaced your bones may become porous brittle and weak Thats why it is so important to get enough calcium in your diet each day
How much calcium do you need I need this much calcium each day Check the box that lists your calcium needs (in milligrams of calcium)
Infants 0-6 months 2100 7-12 months 2700
Children 1-3 years 5000 4-8 years 8000
Pre-Teens and Teens 9-18 years 13000
Adults 19-50 years 10000 51 years and older 12000
Pregnant Lactating Up to 18 years 13000 19-50 years 10000
Source Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Vitamin D and Fluoride 1997
See Crank up Your Calcium on next page W see if you are rea~hing your calcium goal
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
CRANK UP YOUR CALCIUM Foods or medications or lifestyle habits can make a difference in how your body uses calcium The following tips can help you decide how to get the most benefit from the calcium in your diet
CALCIUM BOOSTERS Vitamin D is a must for calcium absorption Sources of dietary vitamin D are few vitamin D-fortified milk cod liver oil and fatty fish Besides food vitamin D also comes from exposure to sunlight--even for a short period of time People who live in cloudy or dark climates or who rarely get outdoors need to make sure their daily diet includes adequate vitamin D The recommended amounts of Vitamin D are ages 1 to 50 - 200 IU ages 51 to 70 - 400 IU and over age 70 - 600 IU
CALCIUM BUSTERS bull Too much protein or sodium in the diet causes your body to excrete calcium in the urine Eating a balanced
Qiet using the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide can prevent this problem bull Heavy alcohol use is linked with low bone mass If you drink alcohol do so in moderation bull Too much caffeine from coffee tea or soda pop coupled with a low calcium intake can cause bone loss
COPING WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE About 75 of the calcium in our food supply comes from dairy foods But these high calcium foods also contain the milk sugar lactose If you have lactose intolerance (experience gas bloating cramps andor diarrhea after consuming lactose) here are some tips that may help you enjoy high calcium dairy foods
bull try smaller but more frequent servings ofdairy foods throughout the day--enough to equal 2-3 servings bull drink milk with meals and snacks bull eat aged cheeses like Swiss and cheddar these cheeses have very little lactose bull enjoy yogurt the active cultures in yogurt have the necessary enzymes to break down lactose bull use lactase enzyme (available over-the-counter at pharmacies) or lactase-treated milkdairy products
(available in many supermarkets)
Which calcium-rich foods do you enjoy eating Fill in the three blanks with the high calcium foods from the list below that you will eat to help meet your daily calcium needs 1 ________________________________________ 2______________________________________ 3_________________________________________
Write in the amount of calcium you need each day (See chart on previous page) mg
FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM FOOD SERVING SIIE CALCIUM (In milligrams) (In milligrams)
Lowfat or nonfat yogurt plain 1 cup 450 Custard baked 12 cup 152 Lowfat or nonfat yogurt with fruit 1 cup 393 Pudding 12 cup 135 Pannesan or Romano cheese 1 ounce 318 Frozen yogurt 12 cup 80-140 Milk skim lowfat or whole 1 cup 290-300 Tofu 4 ounces (check label for
calcium content)Calcium-fortified orange juice 1 cup 300 Buttermilk 1 cup 285 (If the label shows 10 Daily Value for calcium this means that one Swiss cheese 1 ounce 271 serving contains 10 of the recommended 1000 milligrams of calcium per Canned sardines with bones 3 ounces 260 day To calculate milligrams 10 x 1000 mg =100 mg)
Cheese pizza 2 slices 232 Broccoli 1 cup 94Canned salmon with bones 3 ounces 195 Ice milk 12 cup 92Mozzarella cheese 1 ounce 182 Ice cream 12 cup 85Macaroni amp cheese home recipe 12 cup 180 Macaroni amp cheese (frozen dinner) 12 cup 81Kale cooked 1 cup 180 Cottage cheese 12 cup 69American cheese 1 ounce 152
Washington State Dairy Council 1999 May be duplicated for educational purposes
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
YOUR CHILDS FEARS
Understanding Your Childs Fears
Children have fears - theyre a normal part of growing up Young children from birth to school age have many new experiences and they are frightened by some of them
Carrie at 18 months of age doesnt know that she wont go down the drain with the bath water
Kenny at age 3 years meets the neighbors big German shepherd for the first time
Of course children dont need to be afraid when the bath water drains out and they do need to be careful when they meet a strange dog But young children cant tell the difference between these kinds of experiences
Fears commonly occur at certain ages in a childs life For example an 8-month-old is likely to be afraid of strangers and a 2-year-old is scared by loud noises These fears often appear when children are taking major steps in development like learning to walk or to make choices for themselves But they are still young children Being afraid shows that they still depend a great deal on theircparents despite their new abilities and independence So at these fearful times young children need extra love comfort and guidance from their parents and other adults
Sometimes a child has fears that the parents e211t find a reason for - he or she has nightmares fears of strange things in the bedroom at night or fear of a gentle dog that wasnt frightening just fast week Sometimes these fears are expressions of strong feelings within a child that he or she cant handle
Three year old Melissa for example was afraid of the lion behind the curtains in her bedroom This fear was a way of managing the anger she felt toward her father who had said that noon No Melissa you cant have candy now Its too close to lunch Melissa couldnt express her anger without risking the loss of her fathers love - and that was unthinkable
Understanding you childs fears is important because then you can help your child make sense of the world - and learn to manage fearful feelings and situations
How Can I Tell When My Child Is Afraid
Not all children fear the same things Some are highly imaginative and sensitive and may adjust less quickly than others to new and potentially frightening situations And children dont all show fear in the same way
jlJ bull
Some cry and look afraid
Some say smart remarks or act silly - justlike some adults do when theyre afraid
~
Some bite their nails or such their thumb a lot
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
When you leave your child has no sense of time and no way of knowing you will return But the following hints may make a situation like this a little easier
Talk about the separation ahead of time if possible and plan to have your child visit you in the hospital
Have your child stay in you home if possible and with someone he or she know well and likes
Phone at regular times while you are away
Be prepared for your child to be upset with you or to ignore you when you return Your child may be trying to give you a taste of how it felt to be left
Talk with your child about how much you missed one another
Bring something special home to your child especially if you have a new baby who will be showed with gifts and attention
Extra hugs and encouragement at these times give your child comfort and security Then he or she can have the confidence to try to understand and deal with the unpredictable world
Will My Childs Fears Change Over Time
Some fears are common at certain ages or during specific stages of development middot Here are some ways to help your child at those important times
Babies from birth to 15 months Some very young babies are fearful of loud noises and sudden movements
If your baby is frightened by the nose of say the hair dryer first introduce him or her to it when it is turned off Then gradually let your baby get used to the noise by standing some distance away when you run the dryer on low at first ~~
By 5 or 6 months of age most babies are frightened by strange people places and things Try the following when your baby is afraid of strangers
Try to leave your baby only with familiar adults during this stage
Have strangers approach slowly at first focusing their attention on a toy or some other object rather than on the child
An important fear common to all babies appears around 8 months of age - fear of separation At this age a baby is afraid than when loved ones leave his or her sight they wont return Because of this the baby may be unwilling to stay with familiar baby sitters or even other relatives
As times goes on - up to about 15 months - babies can show even more anxiety over separation from a parent Even good-natured even-tempered babies may seem upset and cry if the parent leaves the room Babies who have always gone to sleep easily and been quiet through the night suddenly refuse
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
to go to sleep andmiddotthen wake up over and over and cry The baby is not spoiled or bad ~just afraid the parent wont return
Knowing that these fears of babyhood are-common and normal you can understand your~baby s - behavior and be sympathetic and patient Themiddot foHowi I)g are some ways to help your baby - and yourself through this stage
Play peekaboo to teach your baby that separations from you are temporary Your disappearance is short and watch how delighted your baby is when you come back in view
Always tell your baby that you are leaving and emphasize that you will be back Its harder on a baby if parents sneak out
Tell your baby that you know how hard it is for both of you when youre away When you get back ask Was it hard while I was gone (Children are relived that an adult recognizes their feelings and puts them into words)
Encourage caregivers to be sensitive to your childs feelings about missing you and to accept those feelings
Leave a safe object of yours with your baby like an empty purse
Try not to be~ne any longer than you have to If your separation will be long arrange to phone your child
Take your baby with you on trips or avola long trips during your childs preschool years - t-~
All through your babys early years youll want to
be especially aware of gradually introducing him or her to new places and people Every new situation requires this careful introduction
Toddlers from 15 months to 3 years Because toddlers are growing in abilities and in their understanding of the world they have more fears than babies They are still afraid of separation but they also may become afraid of the dark afraid of taking a bath or afraid of animals Toddlers are still dependent on their parents but they also want to let go A great deal of conflict is going on within the child
Toddlers dont manage strong feelings like anger frustration and jealousy very well So they may create a fearful situation outside themselves in which to act out those feelings A good example was Melissa who imagined a fierce lion behind the curtains in her room when she was angry at her father These fears arent like ones that have an obvious reason such as fearing dogs after getting nipped by one
If a toddler feels angry he or she may think that things that make a loud noise - like a siren thunder or vacuum cleaner - are angry and be afraid of them All the technical explanations in the world wont helpsect bull
But the following may help
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
Recognize that your childs fears are real to him or her It isnt fair or useful to make fun of your childs fear of the monster in the closet
bull ~ gt bull t -bull bull
Dont join in the fantasy ~ fodnstance by pretending to chase away the monster middotin the closet Imagine how real it becomesmiddot if Mom or Dad chase it It is much better to calmly go with the child to see that no monster is there And a night light may also be rea~suring _(~
Explain that loud noises i~don t mean that an object is angry and tell your child middot you wonmiddott let anything harm him or her That s what parents are for - to keep children safe
Help the child get comfortable with animals or other feared objects For example desensitize your child to the good-natured dog next door Pick a calm time and gradually bring the child and dog closer and closer together first with the dog on the other side of the fence then on a leash and so on But if your child remains frightened dont continue
Encourage your child to express feelings in words This way fears dont have to show up in anxious activities
Provide calm predictable routines for your toddler especially at bedtime This gives the child a feeling of security
Give your child a hug and a pat on the back for even a small act of bravery- like putting a toe in the bath water
Parents who are understanding and supporti~e give-their child the message that they care
Preschoolers from 3 to 5 years Nightmares fear of the dark and of going to bed alone and fear of sirens and other loud noises are common to preschoolers These fears are a sign thatsomething has overwhelmed your child You may also notice that he or she has trouble calming cl0wn and following family routines Or your child may try to scare other children just like he or she has been scared
There is probably something important behind your preschoolers fears Is it anger about a new baby in the family Is it sadness over the death of a grandparent Is it jealousy over the parents being partners and the childs being left out Is it fear of going to school So recently toilet trained is the child afraid of losing control
Do your best to discover your childs underlying feelings While you cant eliminate unknown fears you can at least provide comfort and security You can be most helpful if you do the following
Help your child express himself or herself and understand and accept negative angry feelings
Provide acceptable outlets for your child I s aggressive feelings by pointing out how other family members handle these types of feelings - for instance by enjoyable vigorous activities
Continue to set and keep firm limits on your child appropriate to his or her age
Speak honestly and openly about the death of a relative or pet It is best not to tell a young child that Grandpa is sleeping or away on a long trip
~
~
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986
AND GROWING
will cause him or up If
come from
big and the world must look confidence or her
To a ld
These if read to child
Terry Berger I Have 1 Have Feelings New York Inc 1 and 1 respectively
Margaret Wise Brown New York Publishing Co 1979
Delson IS Remember Available 2666 Rocklyn Road Ohio 44122
Rogers to Day Mist First Books York Putnam Group 1985
Simon I Was So Mad Whitman amp Co 1974
Stein About Dying An Family Bookfor Parents and Children Together New amp 1984
Jane Werner Watson Sometimes Afraid A Read Together Children New York Crown Inc 1986