Tutorial Book 2

8/12/2019 Tutorial Book 2

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1Book 2. CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT (CILAD) UNISSULA

Center for International LanguageSultan Agung Isamic University

2013


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6. Is learning a second language difficult?................................................................................................................................................

7. Is riding a motorcycle easy?................................................................................................................................................

8. Having a cold isnt much fun. ................................................................................................................................................

9. Learning a second language takes a long time.................................................................................................................................................

10. Cooking a soft-boiled egg takes three minutes. ...............................................................................................................................................

Pair up and identify the pattern! Consult your instructor!

Verb + to verbVerb ing

1. It begins to rain in September each year.2. It began raining at 7:00 last night.3. Jane starts to study at 9:00 everyday.4. The students start studying again this month.

Notes:Some verbs are followed by eother TO VERB or VERB ING.Usually there is no difference in meaning. 1 & 2 have the same meaning.

*Bellow is a list of common verbs that can be followed by TO VERB of VERB ING.

Begin like cant stand start love continue hate stop* remember*

a. The verbs remember and stop can be followed by TO VERB and VERB ING to express differentmeanings.Remember + TO VERB remember to do something in the future.

+ VERB ING remember to have done soe=mething in the past.

Stop + TO VERB stop an activity in order to do something else.+ VERB ING stop doing an activity.

Practice makes perfect;

Examples:a. It-start + snow around midnight.

1. It started to snow around midnight.2. It started snowing around midnight.

b. I begin + study English at 10:00.1. I began to study English at 10:00.2. I began studying English at 10:00.

1. It start + snow arpund midnight.

....................................................................................................................................................2. Tom continue + work even though everyone else stopped.


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................................................................................................................................................3. I like + listen to music while Im listening.

................................................................................................................................................4. Brian love + go to baseball games.

................................................................................................................................................5. She hate + talk to pushy salespeople.

................................................................................................................................................6. I cant stand + wait in lines for a long time.

................................................................................................................................................7. The remember + get up at 5:00 every morning.

................................................................................................................................................8. She love + play classical music.

................................................................................................................................................9. Jerry not stop + take a rest even though its 2:00 oclock already.

................................................................................................................................................10. Sam continue + repair his bycicle.

................................................................................................................................................

Discuss and discover!

Reading Comprehension

HOW TO GET RID OF RATS

When I was a young man, I worked in Malaysia and my boss gave me a difficult job

to do. The roof of the house had become invested with rats and he wanted me to get rid of

them for him. I tried everything: rat poison, cats, even a monhoose, but I failed to move

them.

Then a friend of mine advised me to use a python.

I considered this to be my last chance and agree to try it.

My friend brought me a box in which he had trapped a

We learned that gerund and infinitive are to express.....


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CHAPTER 2PUNCTUATION AND CONJUNCTION

(Do you order juice, ice tea, lemon squash and Gopek tea in Pumanisa?)

Pair up and identify the pattern!

NP and NP

NP, NP (,) and NP

She saw a cat and a dog.

John bought a book, a pen and a pencil. John bought a book, a pen, and a pencil.

VP and VPVP, VP (,) and VP

He opened the door and came into the house.They laughed, sang and danced happily.They laughed, sang, and danced happily.

Adj and adjAdj, Adj (,) and Adj

Our flag is red and white. His balloons are red, yellow and grey.His balloons are red, yellow, and grey.

Clause, and clause Jim did exercise 1 , and Mary did exercise 2.Ann bought vegetables , and her mother cooked them.

Practice makes perfect; Punctuate these and Consult your instructor! Put commas or full stop where necessary.Examples:

My aunt puts milk and sugar in her tea.My aunt puts milk and sugar in her tea. (No commas)

My aunt puts milk sugar and lemon in her tea.My aunt puts milk, sugar, and lemon in her tea.

I talked he listened.I talked. He listened.

I talked and he listened.I talk, and he listened.

1. Roger ate a Sandwich and drank a glass of milk......................................................................................................................................................

2. Cats and dogs are animals......................................................................................................................................................

3. Cow goat and horses are farm animals......................................................................................................................................................


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.....................................................................................................................................................9. Golf tennis are popular sports.

.....................................................................................................................................................10. Sara is a good tennis player shes never played golf.

.....................................................................................................................................................

The more practice the more perfect; Complete! Consult your instructor! Put commas , full stop, and capitalize where necessary.Example:Cats are mammals turtles are reptilesCats are mammals. Turtles are reptiles.

1. Cows are farm animals but zebras are wild animals.

.....................................................................................................................................................2. Cows and horses are farm animals but zebras and giraffes are wild animals.

.....................................................................................................................................................3. Cows and horses are farm animals zebra giraffes and lions are wild animals.

.....................................................................................................................................................4. Cars use roads trains run on tracks.

.....................................................................................................................................................5. Cars use roads but trains run on track.

.....................................................................................................................................................6. Cars buses and trucks use roads but trains run on tracks.

.....................................................................................................................................................7. Most vegetables grow above the ground but some root and grow under the ground corn

beans and cabbage grow above the ground but carrots and beets grow under the ground......................................................................................................................................................

8. A good office has modern equipment such as computers intercoms and copying machinesbut the most important part of a good office is the people who work there......................................................................................................................................................

The more practice the more perfect; Writing

Write sentences using the given words as shown in the example.Example:Books/ on the dressing table / cigarettes/ near that boxQ: are there any books on the dressing table?A: No, there arent any books on the dressing table. There are some cigarettes. Q: where are they?A: Theyre near that box.

1. Books/ in the room/ magazines/ on the television.....................................................................................................................................................

2. Ties/ on the floor/ shoes/ near the bed.....................................................................................................................................................

3. Glasses/ on the sideboard/ bottles/ near those tins


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.....................................................................................................................................................4. Newspapers/ on the shelf/ tickets/ in that handbag

.....................................................................................................................................................5. Forks/ on the table/ knives/ in that box

.....................................................................................................................................................6. Cups/ on the radio/ glasses/ near those bottles

.....................................................................................................................................................7. Cups/ in the kitchen/ plates/ on the cooker

.....................................................................................................................................................8. Glasses/ in the kitchen/ bottles/ in the refrigerator

.....................................................................................................................................................9. Books/ in the room/ pictures/ on the wall

.....................................................................................................................................................10. Chairs/ in the room/ armchairs/ near the table

.....................................................................................................................................................



IS THIS SOMEBODYS SEAT?

Mr. Jones liked being comfortable, so when he got into a train,

he always used to put his suitcase on the seat beside him and

pretend that it belonged to another passenger who had gone

to buy something in the station.

One day, he did this when the train was very crowded. Other

passenger came and sat in all the other seats except the one which his suitcase was lying on.

Then an old gentleman arrived, looked at Mr. Jones case and said, Is this somebodys seat?

yes. Mr. Jones answered. A friend of mine is travelling with me, and he has gone to buy

some cigarettes. He will return soon. Mr. Jones opened the window and looked out, to

make the old gentleman sure that he wah anxious about his friend.

Find an article in The Jakarta Post

then analyze the punctuation in it!


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All right, said the old gentleman, Ill sit here until your friend comes back, and then Ill

stand somewhere. He put the suitcaseup above him and sat down. Mr. Jones did not feel

happy about this, but he wasnt able to do or say anything, because all other passegers were

waiting and listening.

Several minutes passed. The whistle blew, and the train begin to move. Then the old

gentleman jumped up suddenly and said, I am very sorry, but your friend seems to have

missed the train. We dont want him to be separated from his suitcase, do we? I dont

believe he would like that at all, and befor Mr. Jones was able to do or say anything to

prevent him, he took his suitcase down and threw it out of the window which Mr. Jones had

opened.

Questions

1. Why did Mr. Jones put his suitcase on the seat?

...................................................................................................................................................

2. Was the train crowded?

...................................................................................................................................................

3. Did Mr. Jones tell the truth to the old gentleman?

...................................................................................................................................................

4. Was a friend really travelling with Mr. Jones?

...................................................................................................................................................5. Why did the old gentleman sit beside Mr. Jones?

...................................................................................................................................................

6. Why did the old gentleman throw Mr. Jones suitcase out of the window?

....................................................................................................................................................

7. Did the old gentleman ask Mr. Jones permission to throw the suitcase?

....................................................................................................................................................

8. Why did Mr. Jones not complain when the old gentleman threw the suitcase out?

....................................................................................................................................................


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CHAPTER 4PREPOSITION AND PARTICLE I

(please switch the AC on!)


Verb + particlePut offMake up

Throw away

They had to put off their trip to Bali.She has made up her mind.

Did you throw away the book I gave you?

Verb + NP + ParticleTurn the light offPut our trip offPut the clothes on

Please turn the lights off before you go bed.They had to put their trip off.We put our clothes on before leaving.

Verb + Pronoun + ParticleTurn it onWrite them down

Throw them away

Please, turn it on.These are the tasks. Please write them down.

They are rubbish. Throw them away.

Below is a list of non separable two word verbs. Consult your instructor!

Figure out Find the solution to a problemFigure out Find the solution to a problemHand in Give homework, test papers, etc., to teacherHand out Give something to this person, then that person, then another person, etc.Look up Look for information in a dictionary, a telephone directory, an encyclopedia, etc.Make up Invent a storyPick up LiftPut down Stop holding or carryingPut off PostponePut on Put clothes on ones bodyTake off Remove clothes from ones bodyThrow away/ out Put in the trash/ discardTurn off Stop a machine or a lightTurn on Start a machine or a lightWake up Stop sleeping

Write down Write a note on a piece of paper


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Practice makes perfect; Complete these and Consult your instructor! Example: Before I left home this morning, I put my coat.

Before I left home this morning, I put on my coat. When I got to class this morning, I took my coat ...When I got to class this morning, I took my coat off.

1. The students handed their homework .............................................................................................................................................

2. Johnny made a story he didnt tell the truth..............................................................................................................................................

3. The weather was bad, so we put the picnic until next week..............................................................................................................................................

4. Alice looke d a word in her dictionary.

.............................................................................................................................................5. Alice wrote the definition

.............................................................................................................................................6. My roommate is messy. He never picks his clothes.

.............................................................................................................................................7. The teacher handed the test papers at the beginning of the class period.

.............................................................................................................................................8. When some n oise woke the children in the middle of the night.

.............................................................................................................................................9. When some friends came to visit, Chris stopped watching TV. He turned the television set

.............................................................................................................................................10. It was dark when I got home last night, so I turned the lights

.............................................................................................................................................11. Kate finally figured the answer to the arithmetic problem.

.............................................................................................................................................12. When I was walking through the airport, my arms got tired. So I put my suitcases for a

minute and rested...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

13. I threw yesterdays newspap er..............................................................................................................................................

The more practice the more perfect; Complete these and Consult your instructor! Example:A: Did you postpone your trip to Puerto Rico?B: Yes, we did. We put it off until next summer.

1. A: Is Pats phone number 322 -4454 or 322-5545?B: I dont remember. Youd better look The telephone directory is in the kitchen.


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2. A: Is Marry still asleep?B: Yes. Id better wake She has a class at nine.

3. A: Do you want to keep these newspapers?B: No. Throw

4. A: I am hot. This sweeter is too heavy.B: why dont you take ?

5. A: Is that story true?B: No. I made

6. A: When does the teacher want out compositions?B: we have to hand tomorrow.

7. A: I made an appointment with Dr. Armstrong for three oclock next Thursday. B: youd better write so you wont forget.

8. A: do you know the answer to this problem?B: No. I cant figure


Prep + NPOn the tableIn the houseAlong the road

He put the books on the table .The cat is in the house .Jane was walking along the road.

Prep + Verb-ingBy studyingOn dancingBesides working

You can master sciences by studying .She went on dancing the whole evening.Kate was studying besides working at abank .

Below is a list of prepositions in English

AboutAboveAcrossAfterAgainstAlongAmongAround

At

BeforeBehindBelowBeneathBesideBesidesBetweenBeyond

By

DespiteDownDuringForFromInIntoLike

Near

OfOffOnOutOverSinceThroughThroughout

Till

ToToward (s)UnderUntilUpUponWithWithin

Without


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CHAPTER 5PREPOSITION AND PARTICLE II

(Lets hang out!)


Verb + Particle + NPRun into the dean

Get in the carGet out of the house

I ran into the dean at the bank yesterday.

When she got in the car, the accident happened.Jane will get out of the house in a minute.

Call onDrop in (on)Drop out (of)Fool around (with)Get along (with)Get back (from)Get over

Get onGet offGet inGet out offGet throughGrow up (in)Keep onLook out (for)Run intoRun out (of)Watch out (for)

Ask to speak in classVisit without calling first or invitationStop attending schoolHave fun while wasting timeHave a good relation withReturn from a tripRecover from illness

Enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subwayLeave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subwayEnter a car, a taxiLeave a car, a taxiFinishBecome an adultContinueBe carefulMeet by chanceFinish the supply of somethingBe careful

Practice makes perfect; Complete these and Consult your instructor! Complete each of the sentences below with the right prepositionConstructing a phrasal verb

Examples: I ran the dean at the bank yesterday.

I ran into the dean at the bank yesterday.


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When she got the car, the accident happened. When she got in the car, the accident happened.

1. When I raised my hand in class, the teacher called me. .............................................................................................................................................

2. When I was walking down the street, I ran a n old friend..............................................................................................................................................

3. Fred feels okay today. He got his cold. .............................................................................................................................................

4. Last week I flew from Chicago to Miami. I got the plane in Chicago. I got the plane inMiami..............................................................................................................................................

5. Sally took a taxi to the airport. She got out the taxi in front of her apartment building. She

got the taxi at the airport. .............................................................................................................................................

6. I take the bus to school every day. I get the bus at the corner of First Street and SunsetBoulevard. I get the bus just a block away from the classroom building..............................................................................................................................................

Practice makes perfect; Complete Complete each of the sentences below with the right prepositionConstructing a phrasal verbExamples: The room was too noisy. So, she turned down the radio.

She turned The room was too noisy. So, she turned down the radio, she turned it down.

It is too hot here. It is better to put off our sweater. Why dont you put ? It is too hot in here. It is better to put off our sweater. Why dont you put it off?

1. Teacher gave us some important information in class yesterday. I didnt want to forget it, soI wrote .............................................................................................................................................

2. When I raised my hand in class, the teacher called .............................................................................................................................................

3. I was carrying a suitcase, but it was too heavy, so I put .............................................................................................................................................

4. I didnt know the meaning of a word, so I looked .............................................................................................................................................

5. I was sleepy last night, so I didnt finish my homework. I put .............................................................................................................................................

6. It was dark when I got home, so I turned .............................................................................................................................................

7. () isnt wearing his/ her hat right now. When s/he got to class, s/he took .............................................................................................................................................


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8. My pen just fell on the floor. Could you please pick ? .............................................................................................................................................

9. I saw () at the concert last night. I was surprised when I ran .............................................................................................................................................

10. When you finished using a stove, you should always be careful to turn .............................................................................................................................................

11. When I finished my test, I handed .............................................................................................................................................

12. Is () sleeping? Would you please wake ? .............................................................................................................................................

13. Whats the answer to this problem? Have you figured ? .............................................................................................................................................

14. I dont need this piece of paper anymore. I am going to throw .............................................................................................................................................

15. I had the flu last week, but now I am okay. I got . .............................................................................................................................................

16. I told a story that wasnt true. I made .............................................................................................................................................

17. Name some means of transportation that you get .............................................................................................................................................

18. Name some means of tran sportation that you get .............................................................................................................................................


By verb + Ing 1. Brian cleaned the car by rinsing it.2. Betty opened the bottle by breaking its seal.3. I practice English by listening to the radio.Note:By verb-Ing is used to express how something is done.

By & With + NP She sharpened her pencil with a knife.We taste food with our tongue.

I go to school by bus.Dr. Miller went to the airport by taxi.Note:By/ with followed by a noun phrase ( NP ) is also used to expresshow something is done.

Read out loud.

By is used for means of transportation or communication.By boat By subway By seaBy bus By taxi By mailBy car By train By Telephone


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NOT ONLY RED IN THE FACE?

Ken Rose is a company director and he has to sit at deskall day. He likes to keep fit by running to work every morning. Hearrives at the office early, gets out of his shorts and vest and putson a bussiness suit.

Last week, Ken got to his office earlier than usual,dressed in red shorts and a red vest. He had just put on his shirtand tie, when the phone rang. Ken picked up the receiver and sat behind his desk. Abussiness colleague had called him up early. Could he see Ken later? Could they check oversome figures? Could he bring someone around? Could they put off the meeting till later in

the week? Ken was writing down some notes when he noticed the time. It was after nine.Excuse me, Ken said. Ill call you back. He had just put the receiver down when someone knocked at the door. The

managing director came into the room with six important guests. Ah, Ken, he said, I wantto introduce you to our visitors and Id like you to show them round the company. Ofcourse, sir, Ken said and he got up to shake hands, forgetting he still had on his red shorts!

Practice makes perfect;List all phrasal verbs in the passage and look up the meaning in the dictionary.

Phrasal Verbs Meaning

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Match these verbs with the explanations on the right

1. When will they bring your article out?2. So shes broken off her engagement! 3. Dont bring that subject up again please! 4. Why dont you call up your mother?5. Shall I do your room out?6. What excuse did he cook up this time?7. Theyre sure to find him out. 8. Youve given away the scret. 9. I cant make out what he means. 10. If youre angry, have it out with her!

a. Cleanb. Discuss your grievancec. Endedd. Invente. Mentionf. Phoneg. Publishh. Reveal his dishonestyi. Revealed

j. Understand


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CHAPTER 6PASSIVE VOICE AND STATIVE PASSIVE

(Are you done?)


Be + Verb-en John helps me I am helped by John

John helped Mary Mary was helped by John

They have helped us. We have been helped by them

Verb-0/esAm/is/are + V 3

We write the letters. The letters are written by us.

The man opens the window. The window is opened by the man.

Verb-edWas/were + Verb 3

John sold the car The car was sold by Jane.

They bought the house. The house was bought by them.

Have/ has Verb-enHave/has been + V 3

Someone has stolen the money. The money has been stolen by someone

They have eaten the cookies The cookies have been eaten by them

Will-Verb infWill be + V 3

The man will read the magazine. The magazine will be read by them


By + Person The Cookies Were Made By Aunt LucyThose House Were Made By Bob Arden

In + Place/ Time The car was made in The U.S.AThe apartment was built in 1990English is spoken in many countries

NOTES

By + Person is used in passive sentences when it is important to know who performs anaction. Example: The cake was made by Aunt Lucy.


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When the performer (doer) of an action is not known or not important, By + person is notnecessarily used. Example: The house was built in 1998.

Practice makes perfect; Change to Passive and Consult your instructor!

Examples: Jane sold the car.

The car was sold by Jane.

1. Bob mailed the package..............................................................................................................................................

2. Mr. Miller delivers our mail..............................................................................................................................................

3. The children have eaten the cake.

............................................................................................................................................. 4. Linda wrote that letter.

............................................................................................................................................. 5. The jeweler is going to fix my watch.

.............................................................................................................................................

Practice makes perfect; Change to ActiveExamples: The car was sold by Jane

Jane sold the car.

1. Our class will be taught by Mr. Bond........ ....................................................................................................................................

2. many people are employed by the company.............................................................................................................................................

3. Sue has been hired by that company..............................................................................................................................................

4. The letter is going to be faxed by The scretary.

.............................................................................................................................................5. The car has been stolen.

.............................................................................................................................................

More practice more perfect; Complete Complete each of the sentences below with the correct form of the verb in thebrackets.Examples : Alice (sew) her own dress last week.

Alice sewed her own dress last week. The well (dig) for the first time in 1999.


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The well was dug for the first time in 1999.1. Yesterday our teacher (arrive) five minutes late.

2. Last morning paper (read) by over 200,000 people every day.

3. Last night my favorite TV program (interrupt) by a special news bulletin.

4. Thats not my coat. It (belong) to Louise.

5. Our mail (deliver) before noon everyday.

6. The b in comb (pronounce, not) . It is silent.

7. A bad accident (happen) on highway 95 last night.

8. When I (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I (meet) by my cousin and a couple of

her friends.

9. Pair up and identify the pattern!10.

Be + Adjective Jane is beautiful I am happy todayThey are hungry

Be + Verb 3 Jane is married The door is closed The children were frightened

Be + Verb + PP The students will be prepared for the exams.

She was excited about the new dance.Paul is married to Jane.

NOTES

The Verb 3 form in be + Verb 3 can function like an adjective. It describes or gives informationabout the subject of the sentence. Compare these two sentences:

a) Jane is beautiful b) Jane is married

In this case, be + verb 3 may be followed by a prepositional phrase.Ex: She was excited about the new game .

Practice makes perfect; CompleteComplete the sentences below with the expressions in the list. Use the simplepresent tense form of the verbs.

Be acquainted be exhausted be related

Be broken be located be satisfiedBe composed be lost be scared


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CHAPTER 7EXPRESSING PAST CONCLUSION,

POSSIBILITY, DESIRE AND CAPABILITY(you shouldnt have told my secret!)


Must have Verb en They must have known him.Jane must have read the book.

Might have Verb en They might have heard us.Jane might have read the letter.

Should have Verb en She should have done the assignment.Jane should have studied Lesson 8.

Could have Verb en She could have read the book.Jane could have gone abroad.

Notes Must have + Verb en expresses a conclusion about a past situation. Might have + verb en means that a past situation or event is admitted as a

possibility. Should have + verb en expresses belief that an event or situation was right and

desirable, but It did not happen or exist. Could have + verb en means that the subject had the capability or opportunity of

doing something but for some reason did not do it.

Practice makes perfect; Substitute these and Consult your instructor! Substitute one of the elements in the sentence below with the words/ phrasesavailable below. Change the verb from when necessary.Examples: We should return the books tomorrow.

Yesterday : We should have returned the books yesterday.Could have : We could have returned the books yesterday.

1. Yesterday 11. Might have2. You must have 12. Gone to Chicago3. They 13. Tomorrow4. Might have 14. Help us

5. Tomorrow 15. Might not6. Go to the bank 16. Return the books


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7. Should 17. Yesterday8. Yesterday 18. We9. Must have 19. Should have10. Heard the news 20. She

The more practice the more perfect;Make sentences with must , might , should , or could according to the given situation.Examples: Did she live in the dorm last year? I conclude that she did.

She must have lived in the dorm last year.

Did she decide to get a job? I think its possible.She might have decided to get a job.

1. Did she save her money? It was desirable, but she didnt..............................................................................................................................................

2. Did she stay with her sister? She had that opportunity but didnt stay..............................................................................................................................................

3. Did she sell her car? I conclude that she did..............................................................................................................................................

4. Does she own a bicycle? I conclude that she does..............................................................................................................................................

5. Did she shop by phone? She had that opportunity but didnt shop by phone..............................................................................................................................................

6. Did she invite her uncle? It was desirable, but she didnt..............................................................................................................................................

7. Did she forget to mail the letter? I think its possible..............................................................................................................................................

8. Did she hear us come in? I conclude that she did..............................................................................................................................................

9. Did she find your address in the phone book? I think it is possible.

............................................................................................................................................. 10. Did she look in the wrong book? I think its possible.

............................................................................................................................................. 11. Is she a very good dancer? I conclude that she is.

............................................................................................................................................. 12. Did she help you clean the typewriter? It was desirable, but she didnt.

............................................................................................................................................. 13. Did she ride in the car with us? She had that opportunity, but she didnt ride with us.

.............................................................................................................................................


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but she still had enough time to visit Mr.Lucas, her shoemaker. He removed the woodenheel and they were both amazed to see a white larva eating the wood. Mr. Pope, of thenatural History museum, solved the mistery. these shoes musthave been imported from Brazil. An insect must have laid its eggsin the tree from which the shoes were made. He explained.

Questions

1. Why didnt Tracy ha ve to get up early?

...................................................................................................................................................

2. Why did she wake up with a start?

...................................................................................................................................................

3. What did Tracy think of the sound coming from?

....................................................................................................................................................4. What did she find in her wardrobe?

...................................................................................................................................................

5. Did Tracy thought that the sound must be coming from the sandals?

...................................................................................................................................................

6. Who was her shoemaker?

...................................................................................................................................................

7. What did he find inside the wooden heel?

...................................................................................................................................................

8. Who solved the mistery?

...................................................................................................................................................

9. What conclusion did Mr. Lucas draw about the larva?

...................................................................................................................................................

10. How did the larva come into sandals?

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CHAPTER 8RELATIVE PRONOUN (ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)

(Is that the man whom you told me?)


Clause + ClauseS+ Who

The man is john. The man is at the gate.who is at the gate

The man who is at the gate is john

Practice makes perfect; Combine these and Consult your instructor! Combine the two sentences into one using who or whom.Examples : The man is john. The man is at the gate.

The man who is at the gate is John.

1. The police officer was friendly.

He gave me directions..............................................................................................................................................

2. The waitress was friendly.She served us dinner..............................................................................................................................................

3. I dont know the man.He is talking to Rita..............................................................................................................................................

4. The people were very nice.

I met them at the party last night..............................................................................................................................................

5. The woman thanked me.I helped her..............................................................................................................................................


Whom/ which

That O

The lady whom you saw is a boss

The lady that you saw is a bossThe lady you saw is a boss


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2. The people that Ann is visiting live on Bourke Street...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

3. Do you like the boy that is talking to Jennifer?

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4. The students that came to class late missed the quiz.

.............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. 5. I didnt know any of the people that Bill invited to this party.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Practice makes perfect;Combine the two sentences into one. Use the second senctence as adjective clause.Consult your instructor!

Example:

a. There is a man.b. His car ws stolen.

There is the man whose car was stolen.

1. *There is the woman.*Her cat was died.

.................................................................................................................................................2. *Over there is the man.

*Im dating his daughter. .................................................................................................................................................

3. *Over there is the woman.*You met her husband yesterday.

.................................................................................................................................................4. *There is the professor.

*I am taking her course..................................................................................................................................................

5. *That is the man.

*His son is an astronaut..................................................................................................................................................

The more practice makes the more perfect; Combine Combine the two sentences into one. Use sentence b as the sub-clause.Examples:

The pill made me sleepy. I took the pill The pill which I took made me sleepy The pill that I took made me sleepy The pill I took made me sleepy


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Practice makes perfect;Combine the following sentences. Use the second sentence as adjective clause. Example:

a. The movie was interesting.b. We went to the movie.

The movie which we went to was interesting.The movie that we went to was interesting.The movie we went to was interesting.The movie to which we went was interesting.

1. *The woman pays me a fair salary.*I work for the woman.

................................................................................................................................................2. *The man is over there.

*I told you about the man.................................................................................................................................................

3. *I want to tell you about the party.*I went to the party last night.

................................................................................................................................................4. *The person is sitting at the desk.

*You should talk to the person about your problem.................................................................................................................................................

5. *Alicia likes the family.*She is living with the family.

................................................................................................................................................


DELAYED BY FOGS

At the entrance to a big office in London, there was a book which all employess had to signwhen they arrived each morning. At nine oclock, the managers secretary, who lived in asmall flat above the office, had to draw a red line under the last name in the book, andanyone who came after that had to explain why he was late.

Whenever there was a thick fog in the city, the first person to arrive late usually wroteDelayed by fog under the red line in the book, and then everybody else who came afterthat just put ditto underneath.

But one foggy morning, the first man toarrive late write My wife had a baby earlythis morning instead of Delaying by fogunder the red line in the book. Twenty orthirty people who came after him put dittounderneath this as usual.


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questions

which of the following statements are true; which are false?

1. The manager knew who were late because they had to come and explain to him.

2. The manager could see who were late by looking at the names under the red line in the

book.

3. Ditto usually meant Delayed by fog

4. Ditto usually meant I came after that

5. The man whose wife had had a baby arrived before anyone else.

6. The man whose wife had had a baby was the las person to arrive.

7. The man whose wife had had a baby arrived before the others who were late.

8. The people who wrote ditto that morning did not read what the first man had written.

9. The people who wrote ditto that morning meant that the first mans wife had had a

baby.

10. The people who wrote ditto that morning meant Delayed by fog.


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CHAPTER 9

NOUN CLASSIFICATION

(would you take me some water?)


Individual Parts(Count Noun)

Whole Part(noun-count N)

Notes:1. A noun-cpunt noun is not preceded by a/an, one,

two,three, etc.2. Non-count nouns usually refer to a whole gorup

of things that is made up of many individual parts.For example, furniture, mail, money, fruit,

jewellery.3. A language is not always logical. For instance,

both corn and peas express a larger whole madeup of smaller parts, but corn is a non-count nounand pea is a count noun.

4. A non-count noun is sometimes called a massnoun.

ChairsTablesBedsCupboardsEct.

Furniture

LettersPostcardsBillsEtc.

Mail

ApplesBananasPeaches

Etc.

Fruit

Practice makes perfect;Complete each of the following sentences with the correct form of the noun.

Examples:

Chair I bought some chairs.

Furniture I bought some furniture.

1. Fruit There is a lot of ................... on the table.2. Vegetable There are a lot of ................... on the table.3. Clothing I have a lot of ................ in my closet.4. Dress Marry has a lot of .............. in her closet.5. Fact There (is,are) a lot of .................. in an encyclopedia.6. Grammar I know a lot of .............7. Vocabulary Im learning a lot of new ................8. Word Im learning a lot of new ................ 9. Slang I want to learn some American ...............10. Idiom I know a lot of English ...........11. Traffic There (is,are) a lot of ................. in the street.12. Car There (is,are) a lot of .............. on the road.

13. Literature I like to read good ................14. Novel I like to read good ...............


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4. Stamp How .............. did you buy?5. English Anns husband doesnt know .............. . 6. Slang Sometimes I cant understand my roomate because he uses to .............. . 7. Word How .............. (is,are) there in your dictionary?8. Coffe Louise drinks too .............. .

9. sandwich Billy has a stomach ache. He ate too .............. .10. Sugar You shouldnt eat too .............. . 11. course How .............. are you taking this semester?12. homework How .............. do you have to do tonight?13. News There (isnt,arent) .............. in the paper today. 14. Article How .............. (is,are) there on the front page of todays paper? 15. Fun I didnt have .............. at the party. It was boring. 16. Star How .............. (is,are) there in the universe?17. sunshine There (isnt,arent) .............. in Seattle in winter. 18. pollution (is,are) .............. there in Miami?19. Luck We didnt have .............. when we went fishing.

20. Kind There (is,are) .............. of flowers.21. violance I think there (is,are) too .............. on television.22. makeup I think that Mary wears too .............. .23. Car How .............. pass in front of this building in 30 seconds?24. traffict (is,are) there .............. in front of your apartement building?


a cup of teatwo pieces of chalka slice of breadthree tubes of toothpaste

She made some tea .She made a cup of tea .Jhon bought toothpaste .Jhon bought three tubes of toothpaste .

Notes:

To mention a specific quantity of a non-count noun, speakers use units of measure ( a piece of, a cupof, a bowl of ), the amount ( a pound of, a kilogram of ), or the shape ( a bar of, a sheet of ).

Practice makes perfect;Complete each of the following sentences with the appropiate form of the words in the list.

barbottlebowlcup

gallonglassloafslice

Piece poundquartbunch

sheetspoonfultube

flash

1. I drank a .............. of coffe.

2. Jack bought two .............. of cheese.3. Elisabeth bought a .............. of milk at the supermarket.


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4. Bill drank a .............. of orange juice.5. Mr. baker had a .............. of toast and egg for breakfast.6. She put ten .............. of gas in my car.7. Brian had a .............. of soup for lunch.8. Paul drank a .............. of coke.

9. The lecturer needed a .............. of chalk.10. Jane bought a .............. of margarine.

Practice makes perfect; Ask question using how much or how many. Then answer them.

Examples:

(...............) has two children.Q: How many children does Jhon have?

A: He has three children. There are ............... students in this class.

Q: how many students are there in this class? A: There are 20.

1. (...............) gets a lot of mail everyday................................................................................................................................................

2. There are ............... states in the United States................................................................................................................................................

3. I drink ............... cups of coffe everyday................................................................................................................................................

4. Jane bought one pound of butter yesterday................................................................................................................................................

5. There are ten provinces in Canada................................................................................................................................................

6. There are 220 pages in this book................................................................................................................................................

7. I have ............... rupiah in my pocket................................................................................................................................................

8. ............... cooked two cups of rice................................................................................................................................................

9. There are 30 chairs in this room................................................................................................................................................

10. I use very little salt on my food................................................................................................................................................

11. Bill knew very few students in his phonology class................................................................................................................................................

12. There are approximately 1,300 islands in Indonesia................................................................................................................................................

13. Betty knowa a lot of English vocabulary................................................................................................................................................

14. There are about five board markers in the desk................................................................................................................................................

15. Adrian bought two gallons of gas last night................................................................................................................................................


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Put in a, some or nothing and then read out loud.

OOOPS!

__________wine is not cheap and ______________good wine can cost a lot of money these days. Sospare_______________thought for Mr.Sokolin,____________New York wine merchant, whorecently lost _____________bottle of wind worth 305,000 (or about 50.000__________glass). Itwas ___________1784 Chateau Margaux which had one belonged to Thomas Jefferson, the thirdpresident of America. Mr. Sokolin took the bottle to__________wine tasting and put it on________table. The bottle was made of____________dark glass and a waiter didn t notice it. He hit itwith_____________tray, making_______________large hole in it. Most of the wine was lost, butMr. Sokolin was able to taste______________of it. He said it was not very good, but the loss of thebottle was described as ______________terrible tragedy.

Find an article in the jakarta post then list the noncountable and countable noun.

.....


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CHAPTER 10

USING MANY, MUCH, LOT, FEW, AND LITTLE (QUANTIFIER)

(How many books do you have?)


Count N

a few

fewmany

He has a few good friends.

He has few good friends.He does not want many friends.

(Non) Count Na lot ofa great deal ofa large amount of

She doesnt want a lot of apples. Does he have a lot of water?Jane wants a lot friends.

Non Count NMuchlittlea little

Jane doesnt want much water. She wants little water.She wants a little water.

Notes:

1. Much and many are not generally used on object noun phrases of affirmative statements. In

the object noun phrases of affirmative statements we use a lot of, a great deal of, a largeamount of .2. A few and a little mean a small number and a small quantity respectively. Few and little

mean not ... many and not ... much.

She has a few good friends. She has a small number of good friends.She has few good friends. She doesnt have many good friends.

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Practice the use of a little and a few. Ask questions using the following words. Then answer

them.

Examples:

inkQ: Do you need any ink?

A: Yes, just a little, please. tomatoes

Q: Do you need any tomatoes? A: Yes, just a few, please.

1. butter

................................................................................................................................................


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She has a pencil She has pencils.She has some pencils.

She drank coffee.She drank some coffee.

The banana is overripe.She ate the banana.

The bananas are overripe.She ate the bananas.

The fruit is overrip.She gave the fruit to me.

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Complete the following sentences with a / an or the . Then practice the conversation withyour partner

1. A: Do you have ............... car?B: No but I have ............... bicycle.

2. A: Do you need ............... car today, honey?B: Yes, I have a lot of errands to do. Why dont I drive you to work today? A: Okay. But be sure to fill ............... car up with gas sometimes today.

3. A: Did you have a good time at ............... party last night?B: Yes.A: So did I. Im glad that you decided to go with me.

4. A: What did you do last night?B: I went to ............... party.A: Oh? Where was it?

5. A: I bought ............... table yesterday.B: Oh? I didnt know you went shopping for furniture.

6. A: Have you seen my keys?B: Yes. Theyre on ............... table next to ............... front door.

7. A: Is Mr. Jones ............... graduated student?B: No. Hes ............... profe ssor.

8. A: Wheres ............... professor? B: Shes absent today.

9. A: Would you like to go to ............... zoo this afternoon?B: Sure. Why not?

10. A: Does San Diego have ............... zoo?B: Yes. Its world famous.

11. A: Where do you live?B: We live on ............... quiet street in the suburbs.

12. A: Im hungry and Im tired of walking. How much farther is it to ............... restaurant? B: Just a couple of blocks. Lets cross ............... street here.

A: Are you sure you know where youre going? 13. A: Did Bob find ............... job?

B: Yes. Hes working at ............... restaurant. 14. A: Did you feed ............... cat?

B: Yes. I fed him a couple of hours ago.15. A: Does Jane have ............... cat?

B: No, she has ............... dog. She doesnt like cats.

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Complete each of the following sentences with the noun provided along with the wherenecessary.


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3. Its a book. It presents vocabulary.

.............................................................................................................................................4. Theyre boo ks. They present grammar.

.............................................................................................................................................5. Its a watch. Its small.

.............................................................................................................................................6. Its a watch. I wear the watch on my wrist.

.............................................................................................................................................

7. Theyre pencils. Theyre long.

.............................................................................................................................................8. Its an egg. Its fried.

.............................................................................................................................................

9. Its a table. Its for cards.

.............................................................................................................................................10. Its cream. Its for coffee.

.............................................................................................................................................


Post Modifier:Noun .......................

Prep. Phrase

(student from Canada)

The shoe-store on State Street is good.The chair near the door is new.The student at the door is Jim.The desk in this room is broken.The lady in the blue dress is smart.

Notes:

1. Prepositional phrases follow the noun which they modify.2. In the example below, the meaning of the two underlying sentences is incorporated in a new

sentence.

The student speaks French.He is from Canada .

The student from Canada speaks French.

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Combine each of the following pair of sentences to form one. Examples:

The girl is studying. She is tall. The tall girl is studying.


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The girl is studying here. She is from Singapore. The girl from Singapore is studying here.

1. The shoes- store is very good. Its large.

....................................................................................................................................................2. The shoe- store is very good. Its on State Street.

....................................................................................................................................................3. The man is intelligent. He is from Brazil.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. That man is Dr. Baker. Hes beside Dr. Miller.

....................................................................................................................................................5. The student is learning English. He is with Dr. Miller.

....................................................................................................................................................

6. The large bookstore is very good. Its on the corner of the street.

....................................................................................................................................................7. The girl is very friendly. She is tall.

....................................................................................................................................................

8. The tall girl is very friendly. Shes from India.

....................................................................................................................................................9. The boy speaks slowly. Hes short.

....................................................................................................................................................

10. The short boy speaks slowly. Hes from Chica go.

....................................................................................................................................................

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Combine each of the following pair of sentences to form one. Examples:

The girl is studying. She has a grammar book. The girl with a grammar book is studying.

The girl is studying here. She has a city map. The girl with a city map is studying here.

1. The man is a lawyer. He has a briefcase.

...................................................................................................................................................2. That boy is Jack. He has a newspaper.

...................................................................................................................................................

3.

That man is a clown. He has a banana in his ear.


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...................................................................................................................................................

4. The man is nice. He has a dog.

...................................................................................................................................................

5.

The student is from Argentina. He has a tie. ...................................................................................................................................................

6. That house is interesting. It has big windows.

...................................................................................................................................................7. The sentence is interesting. It has adverbs.

...................................................................................................................................................

8. The man is a doctor. He has blond hair.

..................................................................................................................................................9. The tree is an apple tree. It has one funny green apple.

...................................................................................................................................................

10. That lady is my aunt. She has long hair.

..................................................................................................................................................



NEVER TOO OLD TO LEARN

I have just received a letter from my school informing that my former principal, Mr. ReginaldPage, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him apresent to mark the occassion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will signtheir names in a large album which will be sent to the principals home. We shall allremember Mr. Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragementhe gave us when we went so unwillingly to school.

A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday.It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr. Page will have been

teaching for a total of forty years. After he had retired, he will devote himself to gardening.

Find an article and then underline the head and modifier init!.....


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CHAPTER 12

NOUN CLAUSE

(Do you hope they come?)


Statement

I think (that) ..................................................

Jhon is a good teacher.

I think so .

I think (that) Jhon is a good teacher .

Statement

I dont think (that) ..........................................

Jhon is a good teacher.

I dont think so .

I dont think (that) Jhon is a good teacher .

NOTES

Below are common verbs that are followed by that clauses

Agreeassumebelievedecidediscoverdream

doubt feelguesshearhopeknow

Imaginelearnnoticeobserve

predict prove

regretrememberrealizesupposesuspectthink

Practice makes perfect;

Complete the following sentences with your own words. 1. I believe that ................................................................................................................2. I assume that ................................................................................................................3. Do you relized that ........................................................................................................4. I can prove that .............................................................................................................5. I predict that .................................................................................................................6. Ive heard that .................................................................................................. ............7. I guess that ...................................................................................................................8. I suppose that ...............................................................................................................9. Have you ever noticed that ............................................................................................10. I suspect that .................................................................................................................11. I hope that .....................................................................................................................12. Do you think that ...........................................................................................................


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13. Ive discovered that .......................................................................................................14. Did you know that ..........................................................................................................15. Last night I dreamed that .......................................................................................................

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Answer the following questions using I think so, I suppose so, or I believe so.

Examples:

Does this book belong to Jack?

I think so. I think this book belongs to Jack.

Are we going to have picnic?

I believe so. I believe that we are going to have a picnic.

1. Does (................) have a car?

...................................................................................................................................................2. Are we going to have a test tomorrow?

...................................................................................................................................................

3. Is there a fire extinguisher in this building?

...................................................................................................................................................4. Is Chicago farther north than New Yurk City?

...................................................................................................................................................

5. Does the word patient have more than one meaning?

...................................................................................................................................................6. Does the word dozen have more than one meaning?

...................................................................................................................................................

7. Is your left foot bigger than your right foot?

...................................................................................................................................................8. Do gorillas eat meat?

...................................................................................................................................................

9. Do spiders have eyes?

...................................................................................................................................................10. Dont look at your watch. Is it (10:45) yet?

...................................................................................................................................................


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question

If statement

I dont know ................................................

Is Bill at home?

if Bill at home

I dont know if Bill is at home .

question

whether statement

I dont know ................................................

Is Bill at home?

whether Bill at home

I dont know whether Bill is at home .

Wh question

wh - statement

I dont know .................. ..............................

Why is Bill at home?

why Bill at home

I dont know why Bill is at home .

Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Change the following questions to noun clauses.

Examples:

Did Steve go the bank? I dont know if/whether Steve went to the bank. Where did Steve go?

I dont know where Steve went.

1. Is Karen at home?Do you know .............................................................................................................................

2. Whee is Karen?Do you know ........................................................................................................................

3. How is Pat felling today?I wonder .................................................................................................................................

4. Is Pat feeling better today?I wonder ..................................................................................................................................5. Does the bus stop here?

Do you know ...........................................................................................................................6. Where does the bus stop?

I wonder ...................................................................................................................................7. Why is elena absent today?

The teacher wants to know .....................................................................................................8. Is Elena going to be absent again tomorrow?

I wonder ..................................................................................................................................


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Practice makes perfect; Consult your instructor! Make sentences with nominal clauses. Examples:

Did (................) go to the bank? I wonder if Jane went to the bank.

Where did (................) go? I wonder where Jane went.

1. Why is (................) absent today? ..............................................................................................................................................

2. Where is (................) ? ...........................................................................................................................................

3. Is (................) sick? .........................................................................................................................................

4. Will it (snow) tomorrow? ..............................................................................................................................................

5. Will the weather be nice tomorrow? .............................................................................................................................................

6. Is (................) going to be in class tomorrow? .............................................................................................................................................

7. How long has (................) been living here? ..............................................................................................................................................

8. Did (................) go to the library last night? ..............................................................................................................................................

9. How much does (a Rolls Royce) cost? ..............................................................................................................................................

10. Where did (................) go last night? .............................................................................................................................................


wh-question

wh-statement

I dont know ................................................

Why Bill at home?

why Bill at home

I dont know why Bill is at home .

wh-question

wh- statement

I dont know ...................

Documents

Tutorial Book 2