JONATHAN NGCHAN JUN WEICHAN SHI MIN

VERA YAPZHUO HONGCHAO

TUTORIAL 4: MORPHOLOGY

Q1:

Syllables: rhythmic units of speech. Sound(s) of the word

Morphemes: basic building blocks of words that carries meaning or function and cannot be decomposed any further. Meaning of the word

Q1:In order for rhyme/rime, the coda of the syllable must be the same

for both words Limericks focus on this because limericks need rhyme

Whereas, morpheme’s function is to indicate the meaning of a part of the word E.g. “beard” & “feared” rhymes,

the root word of feared is ‘fear’ + the inflectional morpheme -ed to indicate past tense Beard is just made up of one root word

E.g. “wren” & “hen” Both end with –en, but –en is not used as a derivative or inflectional morpheme Both words chosen on the basis of rhyme

Q1:

So, even though words rhyme, that is they have the same coda, they need not end off with the same morpheme

and/or the same function.

Q2a: Unbelievable

AdjAf Adj

Un- V Af

Believe -able(ROOT

)

(BASE)

Q2b:

NV Af

Adj

N

Af

-ize-ation

(ROOT)

(BASE)

Af

-ial

Industry

(BASE)

Industrialisation

Q2c:

N

N

Nuclear

Af

Physics -ist(ROOT)

(BASE)

(ENDOCENTRIC COMPOUNDING)

Nuclear Physicist

Q2d:

NN Af

McCain

-iac(ROOT)

McCainiac

Q2e:

N

Adj Af

N

V

-able

-ility

N N

Micro-wave(ROOT)

(BASE)

(BASE)

Microwaveability

V

Q3(i):

Q3(ii):

Q4:

A) Give the Japanese morphemes for the following English translations:

(i)‘Open’ (ii) ‘Eat’

a. [tabeta] 'X ate Y.' b. [aketa] 'X opened Y.‘

Past Tense: Ta(i) Open : Ake(ii) Eat : Tabe

(iii) passive marker (‘… be verb-ed, e.g., ‘They were opened/eaten.’)

b. [aketa] 'X opened Y.‘f. [akerareta] 'X was opened.'

Passive marker: -rare-

(iv) Causative marker (‘… make X verb, e.g., ‘Yosuke made Zechy study)

i. [tabesasenai] 'X doesn't/won't make Y eat Z.' j. [tabenai] 'X doesn't/won't eat Y.'

Causative marker: -sase-

(v) Non-past marker (present or future)

g. [tabesaserareta] 'X was made to eat Y.' k. [tabesaserareru] 'X is/will be made to eat Y.'

Past tense: -taNon-past marker: -ru

(vi) Negative marker (the morpheme meaning ‟not“)

a. [tabeta] 'X ate Y.' j. [tabenai] 'X doesn't/won't eat Y.'

Past tense: -taNegative marker: -nai

B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes would occur in a verb form.

(i) passive, root, past, causative

Order: Root, Causative, Passive, Past

Example: (g) [tabesaserareta] 'X was made to eat Y.'

(ii) causative, non-past, root

Order: Root, Causative, Non-past

Example: (k) [tabesaserareru] ‘X is/will be made to eat Y.’

B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes would occur in a verb form.

(iii) root, negative, causative

Order: Root, Causative, Negative

Example: (i) [tabesasenai] 'X doesn't/won't make Y eat Z.'

B) Suppose a Japanese verb form were to include the following sets of morphemes. For each set, indicate the order in which the morphemes would occur in a verb form.

(She) will (non-past marker) make (causative) (him) open (verb) (them)

Ake-sase-ru

(He) will (non-past marker) be made (causative) to open (verb) (them)

Ake-sase-rare-ru

C) Give the Japanese verb form that would be used for each of the following English translations.

(She) will (non-past marker) be made (causative) to take(verb) (a test)

Uke-sase-rare-ta

(She) makes (causative / non-past marker) (him) take (verb) (a test)

Uke-sase-ru

(She) will (non-past marker) not (negative) take (verb) (a test)Uke-nai

D) In Japanese, [uketa] means ‘(She) took (a test)’. Now, using this fact with what you’ve observed above, how would you say the following in Japanese? Don’t try to translate the items in parentheses.

THE END

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