Turning and Positioning a Client

8/14/2019 Turning and Positioning a Client

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Prepared by:

ANNDRA MARGARETH B. DUMO, RM, RN


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Disuse Osteoporosis demineralizationof bone due to absence of stress ofweight bearing activity

Disuse Atrophy unused muscledecrease in size, losing most of theirstrength and normal function

Contracturespermanent shortening of

the muscle limiting joint mobility Ankylosisstiffness and pain in thejoints


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Diminished Cardiac Reserve imbalance in theAutonomic Nervous System resulting inpreponderance of sympathetic activity overcholinergic activity that increases the heart rate,

reducing diastolic pressure, coronary blood flowand the capacity of the heart to respond to anymetabolic demands above the basal levels

Increased use of Valsalva Maneuver refers toholding the breath and straining against a closedglottis


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Orthostatic Hypotension or Postural Hypotensionblood pools in the lower extremities and centralblood pressure drops, cerebral perfusion isseriously compromised and th person feels dizzy

or light headed or may even faint

Venous Vasodilation and Stasis blood pools inthe leg veins


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Dependent Edema serous par of the blood isforced out of the blood vessel into the interstitialspace surrounding the blood vessel causingedema

Thrombus Formation a clot that is looselyattached to an inflamed vein wall


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Decreased Respiratory Movementmuscleatrophy of the respiratory muscle because thereis no stimulus of activity

Pooling of Respiratory Secretions secretions

pool by gravity interfering the normal diffusion ofO2 and CO2 in the alveoli

Atelectasiscollapse of a lobe or of an entirelung

Hypostatic Pneumonia pooled secretion provideexcellent media for bacterial growth


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Decreased Metabolic Rate the BMR andGI motility and secretions of variousdigestive glands decrease as the energyrequirements of the body decrease


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Metabolismrefers to the sum of all thephysical and chemical processes bywhich living substance is formed andmaintained and by which energy is madeavailable for use by the body

Basal Metabolic Rate the minimal

energy expended for the maintenance ofbodily processes


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Negative Nitrogen Balance depletion ofprotein stores that are essential forbuilding muscle tissue and for woundhealing

Anabolism protein synthesis

Catabolism protein breakdown


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Anorexialoss of appetite due to

decreased metabolic rate and increasedcatabolism

Negative calcium Balance greateramount of calcium are extracted from the

bone than can be replaced


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Urinary Stasis stoppage or slow down ofurine flow

Renal Calculi urine becomes alkaline andcalcium salts precipitate out as crystals toform renal stones


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Urinary retention accumulation of urinein the bladder

Urinary Infection static provides anexcellent medium for bacterial growth

Escherichia coli most commoncausative microorganism, normal flora of

the colon


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Constipation

decreased peristalsis and colon motility


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Reduced Skin Turgor skin atrophiescausing loss of elasticity

Skin Breakdown diminished supplyof nutrients in the skin


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Frustration due to increased dependence toothers

Decreased Self-Esteem


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pillows mattresses

bed boards

chair beds foot boot

foot board


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bed position n which head and trunk areraised 45 to 90 degrees

position of choice for people who have difficultyin breathing and people with heart problems

Low Fowlers/Semi-Fowlershead and trunk areraised 15 45 degrees

High Fowlers head and trunk are raised 90

degrees


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Orthopneic Position client sits either inbed or on the side of the bed with an overbed table across the lap

facilitates respiration by allowing maximumchest expansion


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Dorsal Recumbent Position back lying withhead and shoulders slightly elevated


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Prone Position client lies in the abdomenwith the head turned to one side

promotes drainage


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Lateral Position side-lying

Sims Position semi-prone


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Trendelenburge Position bed is inclined sothat the feet are higher than the head

Reverse Trendelenburge Position bed isinclined so that the head is higher than thefeet

Lithotomy Position lower extremities areelevated and supported by stirrups

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Turning and Positioning a Client