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Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Oct 7, seminar speaker will be Egbert Leigh, STRI What comparisons among CTFS plots have taught us about tropical forest ecology Conservation forum Tue, Oct 7, Conservation forum speaker will be George Angehr, STRI, 1-3pm, LMR Panama's Museum of Biodiversity and Conservation Bambi seminar Thu, Oct 9, Bambi seminar speaker will be Ben Hirsch, SI National Zoological Park Within group spatial position in ring-tailed coatis; balancing the effects of predation, feeding success, and social competition Arrivals Peter Funch and Soren Faurby, University of Aarhus, to study the geographic variation in tidal tardigrades, at Naos. Corinne Richards, University of Michigan, to study the selection and the rapid evolution of morphological variation among Strawberry poison-dart frogs of the Bocas del Toro archipelago. Katherine LeVan, University of California at San Diego, to study the food recruitment communication of stingless bees, on BCI. Departures Mary Jane West-Eberhard to Gainsville, FL, to attend meeting at the American Entomological Institute. Then to Washington, DC to attend a meeting at the National Academy of Sciences. STRI news Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org October 3, 2008 Bd crosses Panama Canal Chytridiomycosis is a globally emerging disease of amphibians and the leading cause of population declines and extirpations at species-diverse montane sites in Central America. It is caused by a fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), responsible, in part for the disappearance of the Panamanian golden frog Atelopus zeteki, in the wild. A group of researchers including STRIs research associate Roberto Ibáñez and McGill graduate student Vanessa L. Kilburn doing research at STRI, are following the path of the fungi. They just reported the presence of Bd at Altos de Campana National Park and east of the Panama Canal in Soberanía National Park. Their results suggest that Panamas diverse and not fully described amphibians communities east of the canal are at risk. Precise predictions of future disease emergence events are not possible until factors underlying disease emergence, such as dispersal, are understood. However, if the fungal pathogen spreads in a pattern consistent with previous disease events in Panama, then detection of Bd in Tortí and other areas east of the Panama Canal is imminent. Therefore, development of new management strategies and increased precautions for tourism, recreation, and biology are urgently needed. The article, “Chytridiomycosis and amphibian population declines continue to spread eastward in Panama” by Douglas C. Woodhams from the University of Zurich, et al. was published by EcoHealth. It can be seen at: http://www.springerlink.com/c ontent/u6l4775128852478/ The figure above shows an elevation map projection of Panama displaying sites and dates of first detection of B. dendrobatidis in amphibian populations. The group points out that at tropical lowland sites, chytridiomycosis may not be as severe as at higher altitudes. They suspect that amphibians in the lowlands along the Panama Canal may carry Bd without developing clinical signs of chytridiomycosis. Quitridomicosis es una enfermedad global emergente en anfibios y la causa principal de la disminución y desaparición de la diversidad de especies montanas en Centroamérica. Es causada por un hongo patógeno, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), responsable en parte por la desaparición de la rana dorada panameña, Atelopus zeteki, en su estado silvestre. Un grupo de investigadores incluyendo a Roberto Ibáñez, investigador asociado de STRI y 1. Fortuna (Dec 1996) 2. Omar Torrijos, El Copé (Sep 2004) 3. El Valle (Apr 2006) 4. Altos de Campana (Jun 2006) 5. Soberanía (Jan 2007) 6. Parque Natural San Francisco, Tortí (not detected)

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  • Tupper 4pm seminarTue, Oct 7, seminar speakerwill be Egbert Leigh, STRI What comparisons amongCTFS plots have taught usabout tropical forestecology

    Conservation forumTue, Oct 7, Conservationforum speaker will be GeorgeAngehr, STRI, 1-3pm, LMRPanama's Museum ofBiodiversity andConservation

    Bambi seminarThu, Oct 9, Bambi seminarspeaker will be Ben Hirsch, SINational Zoological Park Within group spatialposition in ring-tailedcoatis; balancing the effectsof predation, feedingsuccess, and socialcompetition

    ArrivalsPeter Funch and SorenFaurby, University of Aarhus,to study the geographicvariation in tidal tardigrades, atNaos.

    Corinne Richards, Universityof Michigan, to study theselection and the rapidevolution of morphologicalvariation among Strawberrypoison-dart frogs of the Bocasdel Toro archipelago.

    Katherine LeVan, Universityof California at San Diego, tostudy the food recruitmentcommunication of stinglessbees, on BCI.

    DeparturesMary Jane West-Eberhard toGainsville, FL, to attendmeeting at the AmericanEntomological Institute. Thento Washington, DC to attenda meeting at the NationalAcademy of Sciences.

    STRI newsSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org October 3, 2008

    Bd crossesPanamaCanalChytridiomycosis is aglobally emerging disease ofamphibians and the leadingcause of population declinesand extirpations atspecies-diverse montanesites in Central America. Itis caused by a fungalpathogen Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis (Bd),responsible, in part for thedisappearance of thePanamanian golden frogAtelopus zeteki, in the wild.

    A group of researchersincluding STRI's researchassociate Roberto Ibáñez andMcGill graduate studentVanessa L. Kilburn doingresearch at STRI, are followingthe path of the fungi. They justreported the presence of Bd atAltos de Campana NationalPark and east of the PanamaCanal in Soberanía NationalPark. Their results suggest thatPanama's diverse and not fullydescribed amphibianscommunities east of the canalare at risk.

    Precise predictions of futuredisease emergence events arenot possible until factorsunderlying disease emergence,such as dispersal, areunderstood. However, if thefungal pathogen spreads in apattern consistent withprevious disease events inPanama, then detection of Bd

    in Tortí and other areas east ofthe Panama Canal is imminent.Therefore, development of newmanagement strategies andincreased precautions fortourism, recreation, and biologyare urgently needed.

    The article, “Chytridiomycosisand amphibian populationdeclines continue to spreadeastward in Panama” byDouglas C. Woodhams fromthe University of Zurich, et al.was published by EcoHealth. Itcan be seen at:http://www.springerlink.com/content/u6l4775128852478/

    The figure above shows anelevation map projection ofPanama displaying sites anddates of first detection of B.dendrobatidis in amphibianpopulations.

    The group points out that attropical lowland sites,chytridiomycosis may not be assevere as at higher altitudes.They suspect that amphibians inthe lowlands along the PanamaCanal may carry Bd withoutdeveloping clinical signs ofchytridiomycosis.

    Quitridomicosis es unaenfermedad global emergente enanfibios y la causa principal dela disminución y desaparición dela diversidad de especiesmontanas en Centroamérica. Escausada por un hongopatógeno, Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis (Bd), responsable enparte por la desaparición de larana dorada panameña, Atelopuszeteki, en su estado silvestre.

    Un grupo de investigadoresincluyendo a Roberto Ibáñez,investigador asociado de STRI y

    1. Fortuna (Dec 1996) 2. Omar Torrijos, El Copé (Sep 2004) 3. El Valle (Apr2006) 4. Altos de Campana (Jun 2006) 5. Soberanía (Jan 2007) 6. ParqueNatural San Francisco, Tortí (not detected)

  • More departuresBen Turner to Houston, TX,to participate in the 2008 USSoils conference.

    New publicationsAdair Gotaway, Patricia. 2008."Reproductivecompensation." Journal ofEvolutionary Biology 21(5):1189-1200.

    Baker, Timothy R., Phillips,Oliver L., Laurance, WilliamF., Pitman, Nigel C.A.,Almeida, Samuel, Arroyo,Luzmila, DiFiore, Anthony,Erwin, Terry L., Higuchi,Niro, Killeen, Timothy J.,Laurance, Susan G.,nascimento, Henrique E.M.,Monteagudo, Abel, Neill,David A., Silva, Jose NatalinoMacedo, Malhi, Yadvinder, Lopez-Gonzalez,G., Peacock, J., Quesada,Carlos Alberto, Lewis, SimonL., and Lloyd, Jon. 2008. "Dospecies traits determinepatterns of wood productionin Amazonian forests?"Biogeosciences Discussions 5(4):3593-3621.

    Bayona, German, Cortes,Martin, Jaramillo, Carlos,Ojeda, German, Aristizabal,John Jairo, and Reyes-Harker,Andres. 2008. "An integratedanalysis of anorogen-sedimentary basin pair:Latest Cretaceous-Cenozoicevolution of the linkedEastern Cordillera orogen andthe Llanos foreland basin ofColombia." Geological Society ofAmerica Bulletin 120(9-10):1171-1197. Heckadon Moreno, Stanley.2008. "Alexander Wetmore yWatson Perrygo en la Serraníade Majé, 1950." "Épocas"Tercera Era (Supplement to ElPanamá América) 23(9): 10-11.

    a Vanessa L. Kilburnestudiante graduada de McGillquien ha llevado a caboinvestigaciones en STRI, lesiguen la pista al hongo.Acaban de informan sobre lapresencia de Bd en el ParqueNacional Altos de Campana yal este del Canal de Panamá enel Parque Nacional Soberanía.Sus resultados sugieren que ladiversidad de anfibios dePanamá al este del canal, queaún no se ha descrito en sutotalidad, se encuentran enriesgo.

    Predicciones precisas delsurgimiento de brotes futurosde la enfermedad no sonposibles hasta que los factoresque determinan su

    diseminación se comprendanmejor. Sin embargo, si el hongopatógeno se prolifera con unpatrón consistente con brotesprevios de la enfermedad enPanamá, el surgimiento de Bd enTortí y en otras áreas al este delCanal de Panamá es inminente.Por lo tanto es urgente que sedesarrollen nuevas estrategias demanejo y se intensifiquen lasprecauciones en el turismo,recreación y biología.

    El artículo, “Chytridiomycosisand amphibian populationdeclines continue to spreadeastward in Panama”[Quitridomicosis y lasdisminuciones de poblacionesde anfibios siguendispersándose al

    este de Panamá] por Douglas C.Woodhams de la Universidad deZurich y otros, fue publicadopor EcoHealth. Lealo en:http://www.springerlink.com/content/u6l4775128852478/

    El mapa en la página anteriormuestra una proyección deelevaciones de Panamá mostran-do lugares y las fechas donde sedetectó Bd por primera vez enpoblaciones de anfibios. Elgrupo indica que en tierras bajasdel trópico la quitridiomicosisno ha sido tan severa como enotras altitudes. Sospechan quelos anfibios en tierras bajas a lolargo del Canal de Panamáportan el Bd sin desarrollarsíntomas clínicos de laenfermedad.

    Rare discovery in GabonSI scientists including STRI'sGeorge Angehr led by Brian K.Schmidt, from the NationalMuseum of Natural History(see complete citation in “Newpublications”) have discoveredand described a new birdspecies unknown to sciencefrom Gabon, Africa. Theirfindings were published inZootaxa, on August 15.

    The newly found olive-backedforest robin (Stiphrornispyrrholaemus) was named by thescientists for its distinctiveolive back and rump. Malesexhibit a fiery orange throatand breast, yellow belly, oliveback and black feathers on thehead. Females are similar, butless vibrant. Both sexes have adistinctive white dot on theirface in front of each eye.

    Discovering an unknownmammal or bird species is farfrom a common event. Beforethe 20th century, the rate ofdiscoveries was great—severalhundred new species weredescribed each decade. Sincethen the pace has slowed andnew species of vertebrates aregenerally only found in isolatedareas.

    Now officially recognized, theolive-backed forest robin

    brings Gabon's number ofknown bird species to 753.Other than its existence, little isknown about this newcomer.

    There is some knowledge aboutthe species' habitat choice sinceall of the birds seen and heardin the wild were found in denseforest undergrowth. Other factssuch as specific diet, mating andnesting habits, and the species'complete habitat range are allthings that still need research.Information taken from EurekAlert!

    Científicos del Smithsonianincluyendo a George Angehr deSTRI, liderados por Brian K.Schmidt del Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural (vea la citacompleta en la sección de “Newpublications”) han descubierto ydescrito una nueva especie deave en Gabón, África,desconocida para la ciencia. Losresultados de sus investigacionesaparecieron en el número del 15de agosto de Zootaxa.

    El recién descubierto mirlo(Stiphrornis pyrrholaemus) fuebautizado por los científicos porsu distintivo lomo color oliva.Los machos exhiben un fuertecolor naranja, un torso amarillo,espalda oliva y plumas negras enla cabeza.

    Las hembras son similares perosus colores son menosvibrantes. Ambos sexos tienenun punto blanco distintivo en lacara en frente de cada ojo.

    Descubrir un mamífero o avedesconocida está muy lejos deser un evento común. Antes delsiglo 20, la tasa dedescubrimientos eraenorme—varios cientos deespecies nuevas se descubríancada década. Desde entonces latasa se ha reducido y las nuevasespecies de vertebrados solo seencuentran en áreas aisladas.

    Ahora que está reconocidooficialmente, el mirlo boscosode espalda oliva aumenta elnúmero de aves de Gabón a753. Aparte de su existencia, espoco lo que se sabe

  • científicamente sobre esterecién descubierto mirlo.

    Se cuenta con algúnconocimiento sobre laselección del hábitat de esta

    especie ya que todas las aves quese ven y se oyen en su estadosilvestre se encuentran enbosques densos de arbustos yotras plantas. Otros datos,como una dieta específica, sus

    hábitos de apareamiento ynidación, y el rango completo desu hábitat son información queaún debe investigarse.

    Tomado de EurekAlert!

    STRI receives GrahamPalynological CollectionSTRI received the bestcollection of Neotropicalpollen in the world, theGraham PalynologicalCollection, thanks to thegenerosity of Alan Graham,professor emeritus at the KentState University and currentlycurator at the MissouriBotanical Gardens.

    This collection began as partof a palynology laboratory setup in the herbarium of theUniversity of Texas in 1954,and expanded with originalpreparations, and exchangeswith numerous laboratoriesthroughout the world. Itcomprises over 25,000 pollenslides of modern taxa,thousands of pollen slidesfrom Graham's work on thegeological history of theforests of Central America,pollen residues and animpressive collection ofliterature. The originalpreparations can be referencedto a specific herbariumcollection, allowing scientiststo verify the identification of

    fossil material and specimensused in taxonomic studies.

    STRI is honored to be hostingthis collection, which is aninvaluable resource to scientists.“Soon, the CTPA plans to haveall components in digital format,to share it on the web witheveryone who might beinterested, worldwide” statesSTRI stratigrapher CarlosJaramillo.

    STRI recibió la mejor colecciónde pólenes del Neotrópico en elmundo, la ColecciónPalinológica Graham, gracias ala generosidad de Alan Graham,profesor emérito de Kent StateUniversity y actual curador enMissouri Botanical Gardens.

    La colección es parte de unlaboratorio de palinologíaestablecido en la Universidad deTexas en 1954, y que se expan-dió a través de preparacionesoriginales e intercambios conotros laboratorios alrededor delmundo. Comprende 25,000diapositivas de polen con taxa

    moderna, miles de diapositivasde polen del trabajo de Grahamsobre la historia geológica de losbosques de Centroamérica,residuos de polen y unaimpresionante colección deliteratura especializada. Laspreparaciones originales puedenreferirse a herbarios específicos,lo que permite a los científicosverificar la identificación dematerial fósil y los especímenesusados en los estudiostaxonómicos.

    Para STRI es un honormantener esta colección que esun recurso invaluable para loscientíficos. “El CTPA planeatener todos los componentes dela colección con formato digitallo más pronto posible, paracompartirlos en la web concualquiera que esté interesado,alrededor del mundo” aseguróel estratígrafo de STRI, CarlosJaramillo.

    Special visitors on BCIRecently, STRI’s HumanResources Office hosted thevisit of the Ministry of Laboron BCI. Among theparticipants were Labordirector Rodolfo Stanziola,deputy director AntonioVargas and ContractsDepartment chief GabrielQuintero. They were veryimpressed with the research onBCI, its facilities and ourguides. The ContractsDepartment and the Office ofLabor Migration has beeninvaluable to the activities of

    STRI’s Human ResourcesOffice.

    Recientemente, la Oficina deRecursos Humanos de STRIorganizó una visita delMinisterio de Trabajo a BCI.Entre los participantesestuvieron Rodolfo Stanziola,director general de Trabajo, elsubdirector Antonio Vargas y eljefe del Departamento deContrato, Gabriel Quintero. Elgrupo se mostró positivamenteimpresionado con lasinvestigaciones que se llevan a

    cabo en BCI, sus instalaciones ynuestros guías. ElDepartamento de Contratos y laOficina de Migración Laboralhan sido invaluables para laactividades de la Oficina deRecursos Humanos de STRI.

    More publicationsHelson, Julie E., Capson, ToddL., Johns, Timothy, Aiello,Annette, and Windsor, DonaldM. 2009. "Ecological andevolutionary bioprospecting:using aposemantic insects asguides to rainforest plantsactive against disease." Frontiersin Ecology and the EnvironmentOnline.

    Laurance, William F. 2008."REDD Herring?" BioScience58(8): 677.

    Laurance, William F. 2008."Theory meets reality infragmented forests." AnimalConservation 11: 364-365.

    MacDonald, James A. 2008.Variation among mangroveforests as fish habitat: The roleof prop-root epibionts, edgeeffects and behavior inNeotropical mangroves. Ph.D.thesis. Rutgers University, NewBrunswick, NJ.

    Punyasena, Surangi W. 2008."Estimating Neotropicalpalaeotemperature andpalaeoprecipitation using plantfamily climatic optima."Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology 265(3-4): 226-237.

    Sanhudo, C.E.D., Izzo, ThiagoJ., and Brandao, C.R.F. 2008."Parabiosis between basalfungus-growing ants(Formicidae, Attini)." InsectesSociaux 55(3): 296-300.

    Schmidt, Brian K., Foster,Jeffrey T., Angehr, George R.,Durrant, Kate L., andFleishcher, Robert C. 2008. "Anew species of African forestrobin from Gabon(Passeriformes: Muscicapidae:Stiphrornis)." Zootaxa2008(1850): 27-42.

    Wright, S. Joseph, andSamaniego, Mirna. 2008."Historical, demographic, andeEconomic correlates ofland-use change in theRepublic of Panama." Ecologyand Society 13(2): 17.

  • Adding pieces to the puzzle:First geological survey of Panama's Kuna Yala coast

    Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute October 3, 2008

    Story: Aaron O’Dea

    Edited by Beth King

    M Alvarado &

    ML Calderon

    Photos: Aaron O’Dea

    and Beth King

    STRI's research vessel,

    Urraca, has just

    returned from the

    first-ever geological

    survey of Kuna Yala,

    Panama's autonomous

    indigenous territory.

    The survey began at

    the Caribbean mouth

    of the Panama Canal

    and extended to the

    Colombian border.

    The journey was

    instigated by Tupper

    post-doctoral fellow,

    Aaron O'Dea (left inset)

    paleontologist Félix

    Rodríguez (right inset)

    approved by the Kuna

    General Congress and

    paid for by Panama's

    National Secretariat for

    Science and

    Technology

    (SENACYT).

    During the month of

    September eight

    geologists and

    paleontologists

    surveyed the entire

    coast by zodiac from

    the R/V Urraca and

    explored river basins

    on foot

    Whereas previous

    maps showed only two

    geological zones, the

    new survey classified

    the coast into

    approximately 15

    zones.

    In striking contrast to

    the Caribbean coast

    west of the Canal,

    where outcrops

    consist of uplifted sea

    sediments, most

    outcrops along the San

    Blas coastline are

    volcanic in origin.

    The team collected

    over a ton of rock and

    sediments which will

    be used to date the

    complex geological

    events that led to the

    highly fault-segmented

    blocks of the

    Caribbean coastline.

    Data will add

    significant pieces to

    the puzzle of how,

    where and when the

    Isthmus of Panama

    severed the tropical

    American seaway and

    linked the two

    continents."

    La embarcación de

    investigaciones de

    STRI Urracá, regresó

    del primer estudio

    geológico que se ha

    hecho en Kuna Yala,

    territorio indígena

    autónomo. El estudio

    empezó en la entrada

    del Canal de Panamá

    en el Caribe, hasta la

    frontera con Colombia.

    El viaje fue iniciativa

    de Aaron O'Dea,

    becario postdoctoral

    Tupper de STRI y el

    paleontólogo Félix

    Rodríguez. Contó con

    la aprobación de

    Congreso General

    Kuna y fue financiado

    por la Secretaría

    Nacional para Ciencias

    y Tecnología de

    Panamá (SENACYT).

    Durante el mes de

    septiembre, ocho

    geólogos y

    paleontólogos

    examinaron toda la

    costa en un zodiac y

    exploraron los ríos.

    Mientras que los

    mapas anteriores

    mostraban solo dos

    zonas geológicas, el

    nuevo estudio clasificó

    la costa en

    aproximadamente 15

    zonas.

    Haciendo un gran

    contraste con la costa

    caribe al oeste del

    Canal, donde las

    formaciones rocosas

    visibles consisten de

    sedimentos empujados

    por el mar, la mayoría

    de estas formaciones

    en San Blas, son de

    origen volcánico.

    El equipo colectaron

    más de una tonelada

    de rocas y sedimentos

    que se usarán para

    fechar los complejos

    eventos geológicos

    que llevaron a

    fragmentar y separar

    estos bloques de la

    línea costera del

    Caribe.

    La información añadirá

    piezas significativas al

    rompecabezas de

    cómo, y cuando el

    Istmo de Panamá

    irrumpió el paso

    marino tropical de

    América uniendo dos

    continentes.

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