4
Tupper 4pm seminar Tuesday, June 15, 4pm seminar speaker will be Priya Davidar, Pondicherry University Patterns and correlates of commonness and rarity among the Western Ghats trees BDG meeting The next BDG meeting will be held on Tuesday, June 29, at 2pm in the Large Meeting Room, with Alberto Prado Farías, STRI Chemical ecology of the herbivore beetle-cycad relationship Bambi seminar Thursday, June 17, Bambi seminar speaker on BCI is Rachelle Adams, University of Copenhagen Phylogeny at the tribe, genus, and cryptic species level and the evolution of social parasitic behavior Arrivals Haydee Medina, San Francisco State University, to study exercised-induced stabilization of lactate dehydrogenase in porcelain crabs of genus Petrolithes, at Naos, Georg Heiss, Janina Seemann and Struck Ulrich, Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, to study the adaptability of coral reef systems to anthropogenic impacts in Bahia Almirante (Archipelago of Bocas del Toro, Panama), at Bocas. Safety number: 212-8211 STRI news Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org June 25, 2010 ScienceXpress Tropical biodiversity is about the neighbors Understanding why some species are common or rare in the tropics is a challenge. Today, research at STRI shows how interactions play an important role in determining which organisms thrive. "Survival data of 30,000 seedlings of 180 species of tropical trees shows that seedlings of rare species are more sensitive to neighbors of their own, than of those of common species" says Liza Comita, lead author of “Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community” published in Science Express (June 24). This tells us where to look for mechanisms explaining why certain species are rare and provides clues on how to conserve rare species most vulnerable to extinction." The BCI’s Forest Dynamic Plot is a unique window on climate change and other large-scale processes set up at STRI by Robin Foster and Steve Hubbell— co-author of this paper. What determines the members of a community? The study, financed by the HSBC Climate Partnership on BCI, includes individuals of rare species that would not be present in smaller studies. After realizing that many of the processes that shape diversity happen early in a tree's life, the researchers expanded the study to include an annual survey of seedlings growing in the forest understory. This study, developed over the past ten years by Comita, Hubbell and Salomón Aguilar, has yielded new insights into this diverse forest. For years, researchers noticed that individual plants surrounded by their own did not grow as well as individual plants surrounded by other species; either pests and pathogens move faster among individuals of the same species, or because they compete with each other for the same resources. "It became clear with this seedling survival survey that even though neighbors can be shaded out by individuals of the same or of other species, there are real differences in the survival of different species depending on how many of their neighbors are the same species," said STRI’s Helene Muller-Landau "Some of our colleagues are working on the specific mechanisms that explain these differences, and we look forward to seeing their results, which will be published soon." Liza Comita, 2006 The article was distributed by Neal Smith. It can also be obtained from [email protected] Adapted from Beth King Comprender por qué algunas especies son comunes en el trópico y otras son raras es un reto. Ahora, investigaciones en STRI muestran cómo las interacciones juegan un papel importante al determinar cuáles organismos son más exitosos. “Datos de sobrevivencia de 300,000 plantones de 180 especies de árboles tropicales muestran que los plantones de especies raras son más sensitivos a vecinos de su propia especie, que a especies más comunes” asegura Liza Comita, autora principal del artículo “Asymmetric density dependence shapes species abundances in a tropical tree community” [La abundancia en

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Page 1: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/June_25_2010.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tuesday, June 15, 4pm seminar speaker will be Priya Davidar, Pondicherry University

Tupper 4pm seminarTuesday, June 15, 4pmseminar speaker will be PriyaDavidar, PondicherryUniversityPatterns and correlates ofcommonness and rarityamong the Western Ghatstrees

BDG meetingThe next BDG meeting will beheld on Tuesday, June 29, at2pm in the Large MeetingRoom, with Alberto PradoFarías, STRI Chemical ecology of theherbivore beetle-cycadrelationship

Bambi seminarThursday, June 17, Bambiseminar speaker on BCI isRachelle Adams, University ofCopenhagenPhylogeny at the tribe,genus, and cryptic specieslevel and the evolution ofsocial parasitic behavior

ArrivalsHaydee Medina, San FranciscoState University, to studyexercised-induced stabilizationof lactate dehydrogenase inporcelain crabs of genusPetrolithes, at Naos,

Georg Heiss, Janina Seemannand Struck Ulrich, Museum fürNaturkunde Berlin, to studythe adaptability of coral reefsystems to anthropogenicimpacts in Bahia Almirante(Archipelago of Bocas delToro, Panama), at Bocas.

Safety number:212-8211

STRI newsSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org June 25, 2010

ScienceXpressTropical biodiversity is about the neighborsUnderstanding why somespecies are common or rare inthe tropics is a challenge.Today, research at STRI showshow interactions play animportant role in determiningwhich organisms thrive.

"Survival data of 30,000seedlings of 180 species oftropical trees shows thatseedlings of rare species aremore sensitive to neighbors oftheir own, than of those ofcommon species" says LizaComita, lead author of“Asymmetric densitydependence shapes speciesabundances in a tropical treecommunity” published inScience Express (June 24). Thistells us where to look formechanisms explaining whycertain species are rare andprovides clues on how toconserve rare species mostvulnerable to extinction."

The BCI’s Forest DynamicPlot is a unique window onclimate change and otherlarge-scale processes set up atSTRI by Robin Foster andSteve Hubbell— co-author ofthis paper. What determinesthe members of a community?The study, financed by theHSBC Climate Partnership onBCI, includes individuals ofrare species that would not bepresent in smaller studies.After realizing that many of

the processes that shapediversity happen early in a tree's life, the researchersexpanded the study to includean annual survey of seedlingsgrowing in the forestunderstory. This study,developed over the past tenyears by Comita, Hubbell andSalomón Aguilar, has yieldednew insights into this diverseforest.

For years, researchers noticedthat individual plantssurrounded by their own didnot grow as well as individualplants surrounded by otherspecies; either pests andpathogens move faster amongindividuals of the same species,or because they compete witheach other for the sameresources.

"It became clear with thisseedling survival survey thateven though neighbors can beshaded out by individuals of thesame or of other species, thereare real differences in thesurvival of different speciesdepending on how many oftheir neighbors are the samespecies," said STRI’s HeleneMuller-Landau "Some of ourcolleagues are working on thespecific mechanisms thatexplain these differences, andwe look forward to seeing theirresults, which will be publishedsoon."

Liza Comita, 2006

The article was distributed byNeal Smith. It can also beobtained from [email protected]

Adapted from Beth King

Comprender por qué algunasespecies son comunes en eltrópico y otras son raras es unreto. Ahora, investigaciones enSTRI muestran cómo lasinteracciones juegan un papelimportante al determinar cuálesorganismos son más exitosos.

“Datos de sobrevivencia de300,000 plantones de 180especies de árboles tropicalesmuestran que los plantones deespecies raras son mássensitivos a vecinos de su propiaespecie, que a especies máscomunes” asegura Liza Comita,autora principal del artículo“Asymmetric densitydependence shapes speciesabundances in a tropical treecommunity” [La abundancia en

Page 2: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/June_25_2010.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tuesday, June 15, 4pm seminar speaker will be Priya Davidar, Pondicherry University

More arrivalsKelly Zamudio, CornellUniversity, to study theevolution of amphibian MHCgenes after an infectiousdisease outbreak, at Tupper.

Karen Lips, University ofMaryland, to study theevolution of Amphibian MHCGenes after an infectiousdisease outbreak, at Tupper.

Alan J. Clark, FordhamUniversity, to study thevocalizations of thestripe-throated wren(Thryothorus leucopogon): anecological and evolutionaryapproach to form andfunction.

Laura González, IMIDRA, tostudy soil nutrient dynamics, atTupper.

Justin Touchton, STRI, tostudy the function andevolution of terrestrialreproduction, in Gamboa.

Kyle Summers, StacyArmentrout and MarioBriscoe, East CarolinaUniversity, to participate asinstructors in the East CarolinaUniversity field course onTerrestrial Field Ecology, inGamboa.

Mariam Amjad, KathrynRogers, East CarolinaUniversity, to participate in theEast Carolina University fieldcourse on Terrestrial FieldEcology, in Gamboa.

Kristofer Holz, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, tostudy resource competitionand fine root distribution inrelation to soil nutrients in aNeotropical forest, on BCI.

Sarah Holloway, University ofTexas at Austin, to participatein the project “Poison orpassion: warning and attractionin a color polymorphic frog,on Bocas del Toro.

las comunidades de árbolestropicales depende de unadensidad asimétrica] publicadohoy en ScienceExpress (25 dejunio). Esto indica dondebuscar los mecanismos queexplican por qué ciertas espe-cies son raras y ofrece clavespara conservarlas, ya que sonmás vulnerables a la extinción.

La parcela de Dinámica deBosques de BCI es una ventanaal cambio climático y otrosprocesos a gran escala estable-cido por Robin Foster y SteveHubbell, co-author del artículo.¿Qué determina los miembrosde una comuni-dad? El estudio,financiado por el HSBCClimate Partnership en BCIincluye a individuos de especiesraras que no estarían presentesen estudios más pequeños.

Luego de darse cuenta quemuchos de los procesos que ledan forma a la diversidadocurren a principios de la vidade los árboles, los investigadoresexpandieron el estudio paraincluir un censo anual deplantones que crecen en elsotobosque. Este estudio,liderado por Comita, Hubbell ySalomón Aguilar, tiene 10 añosy ya ha arrojado nuevas lucessobre este bosque tan diverso.

Por años, los científicos habíannotado que las plantas rodeadaspor individuos de su propiaespecie no crecían tanto comolas que estaban acompañadas deotras especies. Ya sea debido aque las pestes y los patógenos semueven más rápido entreindividuos de la misma especie,

o porque compiten entre sí porlos mismos recursos.

“Con este censo desobrevivencia de plantones, fueevidente que aunque los vecinospueden afectarse por individuosde su propia especie, hay unadiferencia real en lasobrevivencia de diferentesespecies dependiendo decuántos de sus vecinos sean desu propia especie,” agregóHelene Muller-Landau de STRI(y la Universidad de Minnesota).“Algunos de nuestros colegasestán trabajando sobre losmecanismos específicos queexplican estas diferencias, yestamos ansiosos de ver susresultados, que pronto seránpublicados.

Jaramillo awardedNSF grantThe NSF Division of EarthScience has awarded a $160,000grant to Carlos Jaramillo tostudy the Miocene of theAmazon. The grant, entitled"Miocene Landscape,Temperature and PlantBiodiversity in theNeotropics," aims to determineif the Amazon was a shallowsea inundated from the northby the Caribbean Sea, orwhether it was a giantfreshwater lake during theMiocene (25-5 Ma).

The research will also seek todiscover if Amazontemperatures in themid-Miocene, 17-14 Ma, were3-4° Celsius higher than today,as was the case at higherlatitudes, and whether theregion supported higher plantdiversity than in the present.Research will focus on twostudy areas in the Llanos ofColombia and one site inUrumaco, Venezuela. Inaddition to novel insightsregarding Mioceneenvironments in the Amazon,the NSF grant will supporttraining of a graduate studentand a postdoctoral scientist.

La División NSF deEstudios Terrestresle confirió la suma de$160,000 a CarlosJaramillo para usaren dos años y medio,y estudiar el Miocenodel Amazonas. Lapropuesta, titulada“Paisajes delMioceno,temperatura ybiodiversidad vegetalen los Neotrópicos”se escribió con laintensión dedeterminar si elAmazonas era unmar someroinundado desde elnorte del Mar Caribe,o si era un gigantezcolago de agua dulce, durante el Mioceno (25-5 Ma).

La investigación tambiénbuscará descubrir si lastemperaturas del Amazonas amediados del Mioceno (17-14Ma) eran de 3-4° Celsius másque en el presente como es elcaso en latitudes más altas, y sila región mantenía una mayordiversidad de plantas que laactual. Las investigaciones se

Carlos Jaramillo, 2007

actual. Las investigaciones seenfocarán en dos áreas deestudio en los Llanos deColombia, y en un lugar deestudio en Urumaco, Venezuela.Además de las luces que habráde arrojar sobre los ambientesdel Mioceno en el Amazonas, elfondo del NSF apoyará elentrenamiento de un estudiantegraduado y un científicopostdoctoral.

Page 3: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/June_25_2010.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tuesday, June 15, 4pm seminar speaker will be Priya Davidar, Pondicherry University

More arrivalsSara Pinzón, STRI, to study theevolution of plant and insectlineages: uncovering thespatio-temporal patterns, onBCI, Naos and Fortuna.

Marco Visser, RadboudUniversity, to work onunraveling the importance ofmultiple coexistencemechanisms in tropical forests,on BCI and Gamboa.

New publicationsComita, Liza M.,Muller-Landau, Helene,Aguilar, Salomon, and Hubbell,Stephen P. 2010. "Asymmetricdensity dependence shapesspecies abundances in a tropicaltree community." Science Expressdoi:10.1126/science.1190772.

Comita, Liza S., Thompson,Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Jonckheere,Inge, Canham, Charles D., andZimmerman, Jess K. 2010."Interactive effects of land usehistory and natural disturbanceon seedling dynamics in asubtropical forest." EcologicalApplications 20(5): 1270-1284.

Henry, Jonathan J., Collin,Rachel, and Perry, Kimberly J.2010. "The Slipper Snail,Crepidula: An emergingLophotrochozoan modelsystem." Biological Bulletin218(3): 211-229.

Quiroz, Luis I., Buatois, LuisA., Mangano, M. Gabriela,Jaramillo, Carlos A., andSantiago, Nubia. 2010. "Is thetrace fossil Macaronichnus anindicator of temperate to coldwaters? Exploring the paradoxof its occurrence in tropicalcoasts." Geology 38(7): 651-654.

Sanchez de Stapf, MariaNatividad. 2010."Nomenclatural notes onVarronia (Boraginaceae s.l.) inBrazil. Notas nomenclaturalessobre R Varronia (Boraginaceaes.l.) en Brasil." Rodriguesia 61(1):133-135.

Ogada to continue researchon vulture declinein Mpala

Vultures play a critical role inAfrican savannas. As the onlyknown obligate scavengers,they provide importantecosystem services byconsuming rotting carcasses.However, recent evidencesuggests that vultures aredeclining worldwide due topoisoning, persecution, foodshortage and land use changes.These precipitous declineshave occurred in West Africa.

Little is known about theecological consequences oflarge-scale vulture declines. Inareas where they are virtuallyextinct, mammalian scavengerpopulations appear to haveprospered due to reducedcompetition.

Recently, Darcy Ogadareceived a PostdoctoralVisiting Scientist appointmentfrom STRI to continue herresearch on the ecologicalimplications of vulturedeclines on rates of carcassdecomposition and diseasetransmission at the MpalaResearch Centre in Kenya.

Ogada´s preliminary findingssuggest that without vultures,the abundance of mammalianscavengers is higher and therate of carcass decompositionis slower.

Without vultures, mammalianscavengers may utilize carcassesmore often, and this closercontact with one another mayfacilitate disease transmission.Darcy will continue her researchon vulture declines, slowercarcass decomposition rates,increases in diversity andcontact rates among mammalianscavengers. This research willinform how vulture declinescould increase transmission ofdiseases such as caninedistemper and rabies amongscavengers.

Los gallinazos juegan un papelimportante en las savanas deAfrica. Como carroñeros,ofrecen importantes servicios alecosistema, al consumircadáveres en descomposición.Sin embargo, hay evidenciareciente de que las poblacionesde gallinazos están declinandoen todo el mundo.debido aenvenenamientos, falta dealimentos y cambios en el usode la tierra. Estas disminucionescatastróficas se han visto en elOeste de Africa.

Poco se sabe sobre lasconsecuencias de la disminucióna gran escala de los gallinazos.En áreas donde estánprácticamente extintos, se havisto un aumento en laspoblaciones de mamíferos

carroñeros que prosperandebido a la falta de competencia.

Recientemente, Darcy Ogadarecibió un nombramiento deSTRI como científicapostdoctoral visitante paracontinuar sus estudios sobre lasimplicaciones de la disminuciónde gallinazos y la transmisión deenfermedades en el Centro deInvestigaciones de Mpala enKenya.

Los descubrimientospreliminares de Ogada sugierenque sin gallinazos, laspoblaciones de mamíferoscarroñeros es mayor y que latasa de descomposición de loscadáveres es más lenta.

Sin gallinazos, los mamíferoscarroñeros utilizarán cadáverescon más frecuencia, y elcontacto entre ellos facilitará latransmisión de enfermedades.Darcy continuará sus estudiossobre la disminución de gallina-zos, las tasas de descomposiciónde los cadáveres, el aumento dela diversidad y el contacto entremamíferos carroñeros. Esteestudios dará información sobrecómo la disminución degallinazos podría aumentar latransmisión de enfermedadescomo distemper canino y rabiaentre carroñeros.

Page 4: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/June_25_2010.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tuesday, June 15, 4pm seminar speaker will be Priya Davidar, Pondicherry University

Smithsonian Tropical research Institute, June 25, 2010

Story: adapted from

the Post-Courier,

Papua, New Guinea,

May 27

Photo: courtesy of

Stuart Davies

Papua New Guinea

(PNG)— Recently,

John Swire and Sons

and the Steamships

Trading Company

launched the Swire

Research Center

where the Swire PNG

Rainforest Study is

underway with the

Wanang land owners

in the Madang

province. In 2008, both

companies committed

$250,000 to support an

extensive long-term

study of Papua New

Guinea´s rainforests.

The study is

coordinated by the

Center for Tropical

Forest Science of

STRI and the Arnold

Arboretum of Harvard

University, in

partnership with the

New Guinea Binatang

Research Center, the

University of

Minnesota, and

several partner

institutions in Papua

New Guinea.

The project involves a

permanent 50-ha

forest monitoring plot

in the Wanang area of

northern PNG. It

represents the first

long-term study of

carbon dynamics in

PNG forests and will

increase scientists´

ability to assess the

response of Pacific

forests to global

climate change.

According to Post-

Courier, STRI director

Eldredge Bermingham

and CTFS director

Stuart Davies (in the

photo) were thrilled to

see the new research

station and meet with

the members of the

Wanang community.

Papua, Nueva Guinea

(PNG)— Reciente-

mente, John Swire and

Sons, y Steamships

Trading Company

lanzaron el Centro de

Investigaciones Swire,

donde se lleva a cabo

el Estudio de Bosques

Tropicales de Papua

Nueva Guinea, con los

dueños de las tierras

en la provincia de

Madang. En 2008,

ambas compañías

comprometieron

$250,000 para apoyar

el estudio a largo

plazo de los bosques

de Papua Nueva

Guinea.

El estudio es

coordinado por el

Centro de Ciencias

Forestales del Trópico

de STRI y el Arnold

Arboretum de la

Universidad de

Harvard, con

participación del

Centro de

Investigaciones

Binatang de Nueva

Guinea, y otras

instituciones en PNG.

El proyecto incluye

una parcela de

bosques de 50

hectáreas en el área

de Wanang al norte de

PNG. Representa el

primer estudio a largo

plazo de dinámica de

carbono en los

bosques de PNG y

aumentará la

posibilidad de los

científicos de medir la

respuesta de los

bosques del Pacífico

al cambio climático.

De acuerdo a

Post-Courier, el

director de STRI

Eldredge Bermingham

y el director del CTFS,

Stuart Davies (en la

foto) estuvieron muy

satisfechos de ver la

nueva estación de

investigaciones y

reunirse con

miembros de la

comunidad de

Wanang.

Madang, Papua New Guinea