Technical Topic:Tumor Targeting Nanoparticles

Amanda Stewart113019128CHBE333: Sec. 01013/30/17

OverviewBackgroundProperties and CharacteristicsUses in Cancer TreatmentTypes of Nanoparticles and ApplicationsConclusion

BackgroundDeveloped with the purpose of improving chemotherapeutics by delivering drug agents more accurately to tumors.

Improve imaging labelsNanoparticles can store payloads within their cores and “targeting” molecules on their surface.

Nanomedicine Publication/PatentsNanomedicine dominates drug delivery systems with 75% of total sales. Increased interest and study.

Properties and CharacteristicsNanoparticles are still bigger than most anticancer drugs which makes engineering passive and active targeting more difficult.

Size and surface area can be manipulatedCan control and sustain release through ligands (antibodies or aptamers) or magnetic coatings

Properties and CharacteristicsNP’s take advantage of existing cellular machinery to deliver drugs.

Accumulate in pathological sites with affected and leaky vasculature

Have been engineered to avoid immune systemPolyethylene glycol (PEG) polymeric layer

Leads to enhanced performance with many dosage levels

Can potentially reduce drug dose needed to achieve effect

Uses in Cancer TreatmentAlthough not yet tested on humans many nanomedicines are in clinical trials

Select few approved by FDAHard and expensive to mass produce for clinical trials

Promising future for cancer treatment as nanoparticles become better at avoiding healthy tissue

NP’s are so small that they can pass through blood vessels to “search” for the cancer tumors. With the targeting moieties, NP’s would be able to differentiate cancer cells from non-cancer cell and thus will not release drugs at the normal cells.

Nanoparticle ApplicationsGold Nanoparticles are among one of the most studied nanoparticles along with quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, paramagnetic np’s, and liposomes.

Gold Nanoparticle DesignGNP’s have small size, biocompatibility, high atomic number (Z), and ability to bind to targeting agents (contrast agent potential)“By coating the surface of gold nanoparticles with oligonucleotides, antibodies, peptides, or other bio-recognition molecules, one is then able to recognize specific targets in solution”Coated with PEG and bio-recognition molecules which helps the GNP’s better reach their targeted cells

ConclusionNP’s can be engineered to be used for targeted drug delivery by attaching “targeting” molecules and encapsulating the drug insideNP’s can be engineering to allow passive and active drug delivery by manipulating their coatings and/or ligandsPromising future for medicine and cancer treatmentOne of the most common NP’s researched for drug delivery for cancer are GNP’s

ReferencesNanomedicine. 2012;7(8):1253-1271Nanomedicine. 2013;8(1):123-143. Nanotechnol Sci Appl. 2008 Sep; 2008(1): 10.2147/NSA.S3788.http://www.understandingnano.com/nanomedicine-nanoparticles-targeted-chemotherapy.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/nanoparticles-in-cancer-treatment/http://www.cytodiagnostics.com/store/pc/Gold-Nanoparticle-Surface-Design-d4.htmhttp://ts-1.eee.hku.hk/ccst9015sp13/p13/drug-delivery/cancer-3/