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Tucs
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Phenology and the Tucson Botanical Garden
LoriAnne BarnettEducation Coordinator, USA-NPN
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
http://climatewisconsin.org/story/phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Tucson Botanical
Garden• Participate!
Introduction to Phenology
What is phenology?Nature’s calendarThe science of the seasons• Blooms and buds• Hibernation, migration,
emergence• Easy to observe
Who observes phenology?• Scientists• Gardeners• Agriculturists• Land managers• Youth• Famous historical figures
Introduction to Phenology
Stink bug trap crops (right) adjacentto soybean in October in north Florida
Photo courtesy of:Northern Florida Research and Education Center, Mizell, R. F.
Why does it matter?• Growth rate and range• Animal – plant – climate
relationships• Management strategies • Health implications• Agricultural uses
Introduction to Phenology
History and Phenology:Traditions and Culture
Beaubien, E.G. 1991. Phenology of Vascular Plant Flowering in Edmonton and across Alberta. MS thesis, University of Alberta.
Fisherman on the east coast of Canada would not fish for shad (Alosa sapisissima) until after
the shadbush (Amelanchier spp.) flowered.
The Nuu-Chah-Nulth tribe of Vancouver Island used the ripening of salmonberries
(Rubus spectabilis) to predict the return of adult sockeye
salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) to freshwater.
Bouchard & Kennedy, 1990. Clayoquot Sound Indian Land Use. Report prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd.Peacock, S. L. 1992 Piikani Ethnobotany: Traditional Plant Knowledge of the Piikani Peoples of the Northwest Plains. MS thesis, University of Calgary.
HU
NTI
NG
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyTraditions and Culture:
The Tubatulabal tribe of Kern County (CA) used the ripening of coffeeberry fruits (Rhamnus californica)
at low elevations to indicate that pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) seeds in the mountains were
ready to harvest.
Anderson, M. Kat. 2002. UC Davis.
HAR
VEST
ING
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyTraditions and Culture
The Magnificent Mesquite by Ken E. Rogers
HAR
VEST
ING
By J. Frank Dobie
© Phil DeringFrom: Texas Beyond History
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyRecord Keeping
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyResearch, spring timing and range*
Photo by Scot Miller
• 43 species at Walden Pond bloom 7 days earlier than 150 years ago
• Blueberries flower 21 days earlier
• 27% of the species are no longer there
• Importance of legacy datasets*(Primack and Miller-Rushing, 2012)
SPECIESAND ECOSYSTEMS
ARE INFLUENCED BY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
Walden Pond
Thor
eau
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyCloned Plants Project
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORKESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
• Began in 1950s by Joe Caprio• Series of lilacs and data at
Experimental Ranges across US for improve predictions of crop yield, pest management and bloom dates
• Clones minimize variations between locations
• Predict the spring index and provide comparable data
• Became part of the UW - Milwaukee Indicator Observation Program
S. vulgaris (common lilac), S. x chinensis (Red Rothromagenisis), C. florida (Appalachian Spring Dogwood)
Introduction to Phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology Why do we care?
• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Tucson Botanical
Garden• Participate!
Why do we care?
Phenology and Climate ChangeResearch, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
English Oak
Winter Moth
Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature
EARLIER
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
EARLIER
Invasions
Allergies
Pests & Diseases
Wildfires Diseases – Plant, animal
Agriculture
Festivals
Ecotourism
Why do we care?
… and sensitive to climate
… and sensitive to climate change.
“Phenology…is perhaps the simplest process in which to track changes in the ecology of species in response to climate change.” (IPCC 2007)
“Because of their close connection with climate, the timing of phenological events can be accurate indicators of climate change.” (EPA 2010)
Phenological patterns are important, economically and biologically
Why do we care?
Planting and Propagation Pruning Pollinators Pre-emergence herbicides (Pesticides) Pupas Produce harvest Predictive viewing Plant populations Prediction of sunburn Purchase ladybugs...
PHENOLOGY (P12+)
©Pima Master Gardeners
Why do we care?
Pollinator Garden
Local Questions?Garden Tours
Photograph
©How Stuff Works ©IFAS Extension
Tomato hornworm
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?
USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Tucson Botanical
Garden• Participate!
A NATIONAL NETWORK OF INTEGRATED PHENOLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME.
Primary goalTo encourage observation of phenological events and understand how plants, animals and landscapes respond to environmental variation and climate change.
Mission• Make phenology data, models and
related information available to scientists, resource managers and the public.
• Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology.
USA National Phenology Network
Network Tools• Standard methods for data
collection• Basic and applied research• Decision-support tools• Education and outreach
Nature’s Notebook
Legacy Datasets Citizen Science Project
USA National Phenology Network
A Multi-taxa, National-scale Phenology System
What’s Nature’s Notebook?A national plant and animal phenology observation program.
Online monitoring system∙ Citizen Science/Scientist contributions∙ Core protocols∙ Dynamic data visualizations∙ Network of partners
“HAVING A REASON AND A MECHANISM
FOR PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NATURAL WORLD
AROUND ME ENRICHES MY LIFE.”
— HANS
Why Citizen Science?
What Is Citizen Science?• Engages volunteers• Expands ability of scientists• Teaches scientific methods• Public and professional
scientists• Research teams• Educate and generate data• Meet science & research
goals• Eliminates gloom and doom
Citizen Science Info• www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/about• www.CitSci.org• www.scistarter.org
USA National Phenology Network
630 plant species and 230 animal species
1815 observers reporting (6201 total) making ~250,000 observations
USA National Phenology Network
Recent and unusual rise in global temperature• Understand plant & animal response• Record early/late spring & fall events• Ecosystem shift
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network
Phenology and Tucson Botanical Garden• Participate!
Phenology at TBG
• Education
Phenology research at the TBG can help us provide area-specific information about bloom times and year to year variations, and accurate species information,
and details about pollinator/animal-plant interactions.
• Outreach
• Expertise
Phenology at TBG
Phenology and TBG
Pollinator Garden
Garden Tours
Photograph
©How Stuff Works ©IFAS Extension
Tomato hornworm
Phenology Calendar!
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Tucson Botanical
GardenParticipate!
Participate!
JojobaSaguaro
Creosote bushVelvet mesquiteHoney mesquiteDesert ironwoodBlue paloverde
Yellow paloverde
Know your Native Plants!
Participate!
Phenophase DefinitionsWhat is a phenophase? An observable stage in the annual lifecycle of a plant or animal that can be defined by a start and end point. Often having a duration of a few days or weeks.
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Participate!
Frequency of Observations• As often as possible• At least once a week• All observations are valuable!
Time of Day• Convenient• Consistent• Daytime
Keep looking for a phenophase even if it has ended.
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Enter Observations Online
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Participate!
Tucson Phenology TrailCurrently 7 locations• Biosphere 2• UA Campus• Sam Hughes Neighborhood• Pima Extension Offices (2)• Santa Rita Experimental
Range• Tucson Audubon Mason
Center• Tumamoc Hill • Madera CanyonTotal of 75 Miles, start to finish
3-10 species tagged at each
Participate!
Botanical Garden Participants:• Denver Botanic Gardens - Colorado• Highlands Botanical Garden and Biological Station – North
Carolina• Jensen-Olsen Arboretum – Juneau, Alaska• Santa Fe Botanical Garden – New Mexico• Desert Botanical Garden – Phoenix, AZ• Ohio State University Phenology Garden Network – Ohio,
Kentucky, Minnesota• New York Botanical Garden• Tucson Botanical Garden?
What questions could be asked and answered by collecting phenology data at TBG?
Phenology Observation Program
Collecting systematic information about species life cycles will allow us to build a long term data set. We then
may begin to understand how our ecosystems are responding
to a changing environment.
Thank you!
LoriAnne [email protected]
You’re invited to connect with USA-NPN…
• Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly)
• Join the Nature’s Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun!
• Discover new tools and resources for work or play
LoriAnne [email protected]
@loriannebarnett
