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TUBERCULOSIS INTUBERCULOSIS INSOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA
Shea Rabley, RN, MN, DirectorTB Control Division
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
General Information about Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, an airborne communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily found in the lungs (pulmonary) but the bacteria can attack and cause disease in any part of the body (extrapulmonary).
Transmission occurs by the expectoration of droplets into the air from a person with active pulmonary disease and the subsequent inhalation of the aeroslized droplets by another person. This can occur while talking, singing, sneezing or coughing.
Once a person is exposed and becomes infected, the TB bacilli can remain dominant in the body (latent TB infection or LTBI) or it can progress to active TB disease.
LTBI progresses to active TB disease in ~10% of these persons within the first 2 years. The rest remain at risk for life.
For persons with a weakened immune system from HIV, other medical conditions or drugs that affect the immune system, the risk of progression is increased greatly and this risk remains higher year after year than it does for others.
TREATMENT
TB infection requires the use of 1-2 drugs for 6 – 9 months for treatment completion.
TB disease requires treatment with 4 or more drugs for the initial 2 months and then 2 drugs for 4 – 7 more months for a total of 6 – 9 months.
Drug resistant TB (MDR-TB or XDR-TB) requires
treatment with sensitive drugs for 12 – 24 months.
Reported TB Cases United States, 1982–2010*
*Updated as of July 21, 2011
TB Case Rates*United States, 2010
*Cases per 100,000.
< 3.6 (2010 national average)
>3.6
D.C.
>50%25%–49%<25%
2000 2010
DC
*Updated as of July 21, 2011
Percentage of TB Cases Among Foreign-born Persons, United
States*
DC
Reported TB CasesReported TB CasesSouth Carolina, 2001 - 2010South Carolina, 2001 - 2010
263 256 254 234 261222 218
188 164 153
050
100150200250300350400450500
Cases
Case trend over 10 years
Abbeville
Aiken
Allendale
Anderson
BambergBarnwell
Beaufort
Berkeley
Calhoun
Charleston
Cherokee
ChesterChesterfield
Clarendon
Colleton
Darlington
Dillon
Dorchester
Edgefield
Fairfield
Florence
Georgetown
Greenville
Greenwood
Hampton
Horry
Jasper
Kershaw
Lancaster
Laurens
Lee
LexingtonMcCormick
Marion
Marlboro
Newberry
Oconee
Orangeburg
Pickens
RichlandSaluda
Spartanburg
Sumter
Union
Williamsburg
YorkRegion 2
Region 1
Region 3
Region 5
Region 4
Region 8
Region 7
Region 6
South Carolina Tuberculosis Case Rates* 2010
3.1- 4.0
4.1 – 6.0
6.1 – 10.0
>10.1
0
0.1- 3.0
3.8 - 2009 National Case Rate
3.4 - 2010 SC Case Rate*Cases per 100,000 population
TB CASES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN TB CASES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
TB CASES ETHNICITY TB CASES ETHNICITY South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
TB CASES BY RACE TB CASES BY RACE South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
TB CASES BY AGE GROUPTB CASES BY AGE GROUPSouth Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
N = 153 Cases
TB CASES BY SEX TB CASES BY SEX South Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
HIGHEST TB INCIDENCE COUNTIESHIGHEST TB INCIDENCE COUNTIESSouth Carolina 2010South Carolina 2010
TB CASES WITH DRUG RESISTANCETB CASES WITH DRUG RESISTANCESouth Carolina2006-2010South Carolina2006-2010
For TB Control Activities:
Absence of proof is not proof of absence…..
When you near the elimination of your disease, your
funding will be eliminated.
Questions? Call 803-898-0558.Questions? Call 803-898-0558.
The TB Control Program takes the charge ofthe Division seriously – protecting the
public of South Carolina from the infectious, communicable pulmonary
disease, tuberculosis.