TTC Spectrum Management Lecture

7/28/2019 TTC Spectrum Management Lecture

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Nepal Telecommunications Authority

By

Roja Kiran BasukalaAssistant DirectorNepal Telecommunications Authority


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The set of radio frequencies. Subset of the electromagnetic waves lying between the frequencies

from 9 kHz to 300 GHz.

Important to economic and social development.

Support a wide range of business, personal, industrial, scientific,

medical research and cultural activities, both public and private.

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Radio frequencies have different propagationcharacteristics: Lower the frequency

Longer the distance for propagation but with lower

data-carrying capacity

Higher the frequency

Shorter the distance for propagation but with higherdata-carrying capacity

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A band is a small section of the spectrum ofradio communication frequencies, in whichchannels are usually used or set aside for aspecific purpose.

The ITU radio bands are defined in the ITU

Radio Regulations

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An international organization within theUnited Nations system based in Geneva,Switzerland.

Responsible for Telecommunications mattersover the globe, in this regard it is alsoresponsible for global regulations for all radio

uses.

For regulating the use of radio, theRadioRegulations have been developed.

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Nepal Telecommunications Authority 6


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Combination of administrative, scientific andtechnical procedures necessary to ensure theefficient operation of radio communicationequipment and services without causing

harmful interference.

Overall process of regulating andadministrating use of the radio frequencyspectrum

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Economic Objectives Spectrum should be divided in such a way that the

benefits to the economy at large from an additionalamount of assigned spectrum are the same in each

use.

Market based approaches such as auctions and

spectrum trading are viewed as superior ways ofachieving economic efficiency in assignment thanadministered methods.

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Technical Objectives Technically efficient spectrum use commends itself

as a self-explanatory benefit.

Technical efficiency may rationally count as theleading factor in spectrum allocation decisions.

Applying the matter in practice, however, can bring

competing policy goals into play.

Occupancy and data rate are two measures used indetermining, how efficiently certain assignedfrequencies are being used by services and users.

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A successful spectrum management activitywill result in the efficient use of the spectrumand compatibility with international systemsand standards.

Telecommunication services are contributing

in the countrys economy and mostlytelecommunication services rely on radiospectrum.

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An Allotment is an entry of a designatedfrequency channel in an agreed plan, adopted bya competent conference, for use by one or moreadministrations for a terrestrial or space radio

communication service in one or more identifiedcountries or geographical areas and underspecified conditions.

An allotment then is a distribution of frequenciesto geographical areas or countries.

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The highest decision making body in internationalspectrum management

Changes the Radio Regulations:

Makes new allocations to accommodate emerging

services Modifies administrative and operational procedures

Adopts Resolutions/Recommendations on radiocommunications

Takes place every 3 4 years Participants

National administrations, telecom operators,industry, other international organizations

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The key regulatory documents Recognized as an International Treaty

Set a framework for the National RegulatoryAuthorities to license radio users

Comprise of World-wide Table of Frequency Allocations

Definition of services (e.g. Fixed, Mobile-satellite)

Technical constraints (Power limits etc.) International registration / co-ordination

procedures

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The world is divided into 3 Administrative Regionsby ITU for the allocation of frequencies.

In adjacent Regions or sub-Regions, a band of

frequencies is allocated to different services of thesame category, the basic principle is the equality ofright to operate.

Accordingly, the stations of each service in oneRegion or sub-Region must operates as not tocause harmful interference to any service of thesame or higher category in the other Regions orsub-Regions.

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Involves the allocation of portions of thefrequency spectrum to specified uses inaccordance with international agreements,technical characteristics and potential use of

different parts of the spectrum, and nationalpriorities and policies.

Frequency should plan in such a way that itsatisfies long term needs of countries infrequencies.

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An Allocation is an entry in the Table ofFrequency Allocations of a given frequencyband for the purpose of its use by one ormore terrestrial or space radio

communication services or the Radioastronomy service under specified conditions.

An allocation then is a distribution offrequencies to radio services.

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Consistency with International Allocationagreements to ensure comparable costs andservice integration.

Emphasis on technology neutrality combinedwith continued diligence in eliminatingharmful interference.

Protection of frequency use and freedomfrom harmful interference in subbandsallocated for public safety and security

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Article 5 of Radio Regulations contains theFrequency Allocations.

For the allocation of frequencies the worldhas been divided into three Regions

Allocation of frequencies from 9 kHz to 1000

GHz has been provided in Radio Regulationsfor all three Regions.

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No one may transmit: Frequencies reserved for radio astronomy to

avoid interference at radio telescopes.

Anyone may transmit

They respect certain transmission power andother limits: Open spectrum bands such as the unlicensed ISM bands

Only the licensed user of that band may

transmit: The licensing body may give the same frequency

to several users as a form of frequency reuse ifthey cannot interfere

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1710-1980 MHz

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The heading of the Table includes three columns each ofwhich corresponds to one of the three region.

The frequency band refer to in each allocation is indicatedin the left hand top corner of the part of the table

concerned.

Services are listed according to the category specified inArticles 5.25 & 5.26, i.e; services with name printed incapital are called primary services (eg. FIXED) whereas the

name which are printed in normal characters are calledsecondary services (eg. Mobile).

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Footnotes often specify additional conditions forthe use.

The footnotes against each allocation in the table

are provided along with the table in Article 5 of RR.

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ITU Member States usually follow theInternational frequency allocation of ITU asdefined in Radio Regulations for their Region.

However, every country has its own NationalFrequency Allocation Table (NFAT) with someexceptions which are defined in national

footnotes in the NFAT.

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ITU has established general rules &regulations regarding international spectrumallocation and spectrum management.

Taking into account these internationalregulations, each member nation creates its

own legislation and relevant rules andregulations to accommodate its national radiocommunication infrastructure and goals.

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An integral component of spectrum management isthe ability to store, maintain and accessinformation about each individual communicationssystem.

Spectrum management data can be handled mostefficiently when an automated databasemanagement system is used.

This database enables the governing agency toconduct various engineering and managerialanalysis.

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Licensing, Assignment and Administration are theprocesses involved in granting authority for use of theradio spectrum to individual users.

Frequency Assignment is the technical exerciseundertaken to provide a discrete operating channel for auser.

It is a decision making process in which the applicant

lists a number of requirements such as type of service,geographic location, area of operation, preferredfrequency band etc. and the frequency assigned thenapplies defined processes to select a suitable channel.

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Frequency Coordination is about establishingthat, a radio service can operate withoutharmful mutual interference with existing andfuture planned radio services in its area of

operation

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An Assignment is an authorization given by anadministration for a radio station to use a radiofrequency or radio frequency channel underspecified conditions.

An assignment then is a distribution of afrequency or frequencies to a given radio station.

Assignment involves assigning and licensing offrequencies to systems and individual services

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Frequency assignment process involvesfollowing steps: Dialogue between applicant and Administration

Search for a short list of potential assignment

Coordination with foreign frequency assignments Assignment of frequencies and issue of license

International registration of frequency assignments

Action after the assignments have been taken into

use, and monitoring

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Without effective enforcement procedures,the integrity of the spectrum managementprocess can be compromised.

The ability of an Administration to enforceestablished rules and regulations pertainingto the operation of radio communicationsystems is clearly dependent upon both aneffective spectrum management system andan integrated spectrum monitoring system.

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Spectrum Planning and Authorization arecentral functions supported by spectrummonitoring.

Monitoring supplies information used indetermining compliance with rules and

regulation, such as license conditions, and inachieving compliance with technical andoperational standards.

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Observe the appropriate technical parameters andoperating conditions stated in the transmitterlicense to prevent co-located radio communicationsystem from producing mutual interference.

Identify transmitter to interdict its operation orprovide the necessary assistance to eliminate theproblem Transmitter operates without a license

Transmitter ignores license stipulations such as frequency,output power, bandwidth, etc

Transmitter causes interference to other services due totechnical faults or deviation from the technical parametersgiven in the license.

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Without effective enforcement procedures,the integrity of the spectrum managementprocess can be compromised.

The ability of an Administration to enforceestablished rules and regulations pertaining

to the operation of radio communicationsystems is clearly dependent upon both aneffective spectrum management system andan integrated spectrum monitoring system.

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Functions Resolves complaints regarding:

Spectrum use

Public safety

Technical issues such as interference

Tower registration

Marking and lighting

Equipment requirements

Unauthorized construction or operation

Compliance with operational provisions of licenses.

Provides engineering technology support to themanagement.

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The radio spectrum does not just appear as bands and sub-

bands:

These are man made constructs that have been engineeredinto being because such sub-division fitted a market needand made sound engineering sense.

Spectrum engineering

The set of activities that go together to permit decisions tobe taken and policy to be developed.

Assists in determining the proper frequency band forproposed equipment and applicable standards.

Plays a key role in testing to ensure that equipment meetsspecifications for electromagnetic compatibility and

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Spectrum engineering involves: Band planning

Spectrum re-farming

Cross border coordination

Development of cross border agreements onspectrum use

Spectrum modeling and simulation

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Telecommunications Act, 1997 Nepal Telecommunications Authority

Radio Frequency Policy Determination Committee

Radio Communications Act, 1992

Telecommunications Service Radio Frequency(Distribution and Pricing Related) Policy, 2011

Telecommunications Service Radio Frequency(Distribution and Pricing Related) Policy, 2012

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Auction as a method for determining the spectrum prices through marketmechanism

Technology Neutral

Prohibition on spectrum trading ,

Spectrum Refarming based on regional and international best practices

Regular R&D on new technology spectrum allocation and assignment Spectrum Monitoring

Spectrum capping

Spectrum required for migration into unified licensing regime introduced through

basic telephone service ensured ,

Ensure level playing field for existing voice operators through basic telephoneservice

Spectrum Allocation and Assignment of new services and technologies

Allocate spectrum for emergency telecommunication management

Allocation of Digital dividend band for mobile broadband based on international

best practices

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Based on availability Higher Demand Spectrum

Higher economic value to the state

Pricing through auction

E.g. Cellular Spectrum

Lower Demand Spectrum

Not much commercial value for the operation oftelecom services

Pricing Administrative

E.g. Microwave, VSAT

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S.

No.

Frequency

Band

Bandwidth Possible

Technology

1 800 MHz 824-833 MHz paired with 869-878 MHz

(2x9 MHz)

CDMA

2 900 MHz 880-915 MHz paired with 925-960 MHz

(2x35 MHz)

GSM

3 1800 MHz 1710-1785 MHz paired with 1805-1880

MHz (2x75 MHz)

GSM

4 2100 MHz 1920-1980 MHz paired with 2110-2170

MHz (2x60 MHz)

IMT-2000

5 2300 MHz 2300 MHz- 2400 MHz (100 MHz) IMT Advanced

6 2600 MHz 2500 MHz- 2690 MHz (190 MHz) IMT Advanced


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2G Spectrum for Cellular/ Basic Telephone Service Minimum spectrum

6 MHz in the GSM 900 MHz band or

9MHz in GSM 1800 MHz Band or

its equivalent in GSM 900 and GSM 1800 MHz Additional spectrum

2 MHz in GSM 900 MHz band or 3 MHz in 1800 MHz band or its equivalent in GSM 900 and GSM 1800 MHz

Spectrum assigned in 1800 MHz band will beconsidered equivalent to 1.5 times that assigned inthe 800/900 MHz bands

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Cellular/ Basic Telephone Service 2x5 MHz in 800 MHz Band

2x9.6 in 900 MHz Band

2x15 MHz in 1800 MHz Band

2x10 MHz in 2100 MHz Band

30 MHz in 2300 MHz Band

To be decided for 700/2600/3300 MHz Bands

Limited Mobility and Basic TelecommunicationService

2x2.5 MHz in CDMA 800 MHz Band or 2x6 MHz in GSM 900 MHz Band or

2x9 MHz in GSM 1800 MHz Band

Revoke spectrum exceeding maximum limit within3 months

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2G Spectrum Minimum spectrum - 0.4% of the Annual gross

revenue.

Additional spectrum

Rs 6 Million per MHz (unpaired)in the 900 MHz Rs 4 Million per MHz ( unpaired) in the 1800 MHz

Maximum spectrum

Rs 12 Million Rs per MHz ( unpaired)in the 900 MHz

Rs 8 Million Rs per MHz ( unpaired) in the 1800 MHz

3G Spectrum Base price:

Rs 12 Million per MHz( unpaired) from the date ofspectrum assignment

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Microwave and Minimum Frequency fee Within 6 months after end of fiscal year

Additional, Maximum and VSAT frequency fee Within 3 Months from the beginning of fiscal year

Beyond due date, monthly fine of 2% of remaining amount

Otherwise, spectrum revocation within 6 months

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Joint Effort of Ministry of Information andCommunication (MoIC)/NTA Regular Monitoring

Interference Issues

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Spectrum Planning

Domestic Interference

Cross Border Interference

Spectrum Refarming

Database Management Delay in Spectrum Usage Data Submission to

regulator

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THANK YOU VERYMUCH FOR YOUR

KIND ATTENTION

Documents

TTC Spectrum Management Lecture