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GENETIC GENEALOGY:
Truth or Consequences?
Prof. Janet M. Naughton, Librarian
Learning Outcomes:
Protect personal privacy or consider ethical repercussions
Recognize the difference between a genealogical family tree and a genetic family tree
Identify reputable consumer DNA testing companies
Understand how DNA is inherited and distributed
Realize that genetic DNA testing is an emerging field
DISCLAIMER: I am not a Biologist or a Geneticist.
I am an Informationist (AKA Librarian), Historian and Volunteer Genealogist (AKA Search Angel).
GENETIC GENEALOGY IS AN EMERGENT FIELD
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
The molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction.
Source: National Human Genome Research Institute
What is DNA?
Everyone in this room is 99.9% the same, DNA wise.
Source: Genome News Network
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Genealogical Family Tree
GeneticFamily Tree
GenealogyPedigree
Genetic Pedigree
Let’s Compare
Source: Family Tree Magazine Genetic Genealogy Cheat Sheet
Source: Family Tree Magazine Genetic Genealogy Cheat Sheet
Inheriting DNA
Genetic Genealogy DNA Testing Timeline
1994Genetic DNA testing identifies the remains of Tsar Nicholas II and all five Romanov children killed in 1918.
1998A Genetic study links male descendants of Eston Hemings, youngest son of President Thomas Jefferson and his slave Sallie Hemings, with male descendants of the Jefferson family.
2000Two companies, Family Tree DNA (Houston, TX) and Oxford Ancestors (Oxfordshire, England) offer commercial products for genealogists. In 2012, Ancestry enters the market.
Consumer DNA Testing
WHY TAKE A DNA TEST?
Discover your ethnicity
Gain knowledge about the past
Find cousins with old photos
Reunite with a lost child or sibling
Expand your family tree
Find birth parents
Learn about genetic health risks
Source: Family Tree Magazine Genetic Genealogy Cheat Sheet
Source: YourDNAGuide.com
WHICH DNA TEST SHOULD I TAKE?
If you test, be
PREPARED FOR SURPRISES…
Proceed with
Family HeritageThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Family HeritageEthnicity Estimates
Expand the Family Tree
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
DNA Matches (RELATIVES)
Medical Risk
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Connecting with Cousins (with photographs)!
Ancestry’s Beta Mapping Feature
References
How does it work if I was adopted?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Genealogic testing often allows adoptees to go around adoption regulatory laws.
Genetic Evidence+ Genealogy Research
___________________________________
ANSWERS
MRCA: Most Recent Common Ancestor
Source: Family Tree Magazine Genetic Genealogy Cheat Sheet
Triangulation
Research Trees
NPE: Non-Paternity Event or Not Parent Expected
Non-paternity events may result from adoptions, donor conception, intercourse with multiple sex partners in close succession, non-consensual sex, medical errors and in certain cases of being kidnapped as an infant.
The revelation or discovery of the NPE can have a life changing impact on the individual who learns that they are the result of the non-paternity event or misattributed parentage.
Source: Watershed DNA
1978
LOUISE JOY BROWN the world’s first “test tube” baby, was born through invitro fertilization.Source: https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/worlds-first-test-tube-baby-born
Sperm and egg donors were promised anonymity.
DNA tests can circumvent that for less than one hundred bucks.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
Donor Conception
Medical Testing
Genetic Test for Cancer?
Genetic Link between MOOD AND FOOD
Solving Cold Case Crimes
Golden State Killer
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Citizens Voice, October 27, 2018
GEDMatch FounderCurtis RogersLake Worth, FL
What is GEDMatch?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
GEDMatch is now Genesis
Online DNA Analysis
Tools
Source: Family Tree Magazine Genetic Genealogy Cheat Sheet
Proceed with
Protecting Your Privacy
✓ Read the small print✓ Enable settings✓ Opt out of studies✓ Private/Public Profile✓ Use an alias✓ Delete your account
FREE Genetic Genealogy Resource
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF GENETIC GENEALOGY Wiki: https://isogg.org/wiki
Genetic Genealogy ToolsAncestryDNA: www.ancestryDNA.comMy Heritage: www.myheritage.comLiving DNA: www.livingDNA.comFamily Tree DNA: www.ftdna.comGedmatch: www.gedmatch.comDNA Land: www.DNA.landPromethease: www.promethease.com
ReferencesBerg, C. & Fryer-Edwards. (2008). The ethical challenges of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. Journal of Business Ethics, (1), 17. https://doi-org.db19.linccweb.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9298-8Bettinger, B. T. (2016). The family tree guide to DNA testing and genetic genealogy (First edition. ed.). Cincinnati, Ohio: Family Tree Books.Bieber, F. R. (2018). All in the family: Finding criminals through the DNA of their relatives. UWIRE Text.Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsgao&AN=edsgcl.536952832&site=eds-liveCalafell, F., & Larmuseau, M. H. D. (2017). The Y chromosome as the most popular marker in genetic genealogy benefits interdisciplinary research. Human Genetics, 136(5), 559+. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.db19.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A550919073/AONE?u=lincclin_pbcc&sid=AONE&xid=068252cdCombs-Bennett, S. (2016). Genealogy basics in 30 minutes: The quick guide to creating a family tree, building connections with relatives, and discovering the stories of your ancestors (First edition. ed.). Newton, MA: I30 Media Corporation.
References (continued)DNA ancestry tests may look cheap. But your data is the price; Do customers realise that genetic genealogy companies like 23andMe profit by amassing huge biological datasets? (2018, August 10). Guardian [London, England]. Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.db19.linccweb.org/apps/doc/A549625586/AONE?u=lincclin_pbcc&sid=AONE&xid=d1d39e7eGenetic genealogy. (2018). 60 Minutes (CBS News). Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.559261013&site=eds-liveGuerrini, C. J., Robinson, J. O., Petersen, D., & McGuire, A. L. (2018). Should police have access to genetic genealogy databases? Capturing the Golden State Killer and other criminals using a controversial new forensic technique. PLoS Biology, 16(10), 1–9. https://doi-org.db19.linccweb.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006906How genetic genealogy can help solve decades-old crimes. (2018). NBC Nightly News (Transcript). Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsggo&AN=edsgcl.544254814&site=eds-live
References (continued)Kenneally, C. (2016). The invisible history of the human race: How DNA and history shape our identities and our futures (2nd edition. ed.). Carlton, Vic. Australia: Black Inc.Khan, R., & Mittelman, D. (2018). Consumer genomics will change your life, whether you get tested or not. Genome Biology (Online Edition), (1). https://doi-org.db19.linccweb.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1506-1Odendahl, M. (2018). Online genealogy leading to arrests in criminal cases. Indiana Lawyer, 29(14), 3–23. Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=131678975&site=eds-liveRam, N. (2015). Dna by the entirety. Columbia Law Review, (4), 873. Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsjsr&AN=edsjsr.43387026&site=eds-liveSaey, T. H. (2018). Finding family. Science News, 193(11), 14. Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=130007710&site=eds-liveSaey, T. H. (2018). Genetic genealogy could solve crimes. Science News, 193(11), 11. Retrieved from http://db19.linccweb.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f6h&AN=130007703&site=eds-live
Questions?
