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Tropospheric ozone climatology at extratropical
latitudesO.A. Tarasova(1), A.M. Zvyagintsev(2) , G. Kakajanova(2) , I.N. Kuznetsova(3)
(1) Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia [email protected]
(2) Central Aerological Observatory of Russian HydrometeorologicalCenter, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia,
(3) Hydrometeorological State Research Centerof Russia, Moscow, Russia
The work is carried out in the frames of ACCENT project
EGU General Assembly 2006, Vienna
““What do we know about tropospheric What do we know about tropospheric ozone?” or ozone?” or ObjectivesObjectives
The spring maximum is a Northern Hemispheric phenomenon. It occurs widely across mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. Its nature is Its nature is stillstill unclear unclear
The phenomenon occurs with different timing and magnitude in the boundary layer and lower free troposphere as compared to the upper troposphere. Is it Is it truetrue out ofout of the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere?
There are apparent latitude/longitude gradients in the shape of the seasonal cycle over Europe. On the western edge of Europe there are sites with a spring maximum/summer minimum. This is followed by a band of sites with a spring time maximum followed by a broad decrease in ozone towards autumn. Finally, in the interior of Europe measurement sites display a broad summer maximum. Can we say anything about Can we say anything about globalglobal gradients? gradients?
Diurnal cycle is characterized by afternoon maximum at non-elevated sites and at night concentration maximum at the elevated ones. Can it help us to interpret Can it help us to interpret observed observed seasonalityseasonality??
By the ozone sondes measurements in the north Pacific it was shown that in general the prominent spring maximum is observed throughout the troposphere being tied to the jet stream. Is it Is it “local”“local” phenomenon? phenomenon?
Oltmans, S. J., et al. (2004), Tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific from ozonesonde observations, J. Geophys. Res.,109, D15S01, doi:10.1029/2003JD003466.
Monks, P.S, A review of the observations and origins of the spring ozone maximum, Atmospheric Environment 34 (2000) 3545-3561
Approach usedApproach used
Long-term measurements are selectedLong-term measurements are selected Mean seasonal cycle with 1 hour Mean seasonal cycle with 1 hour
resolution is calculatedresolution is calculated Obtained seasonal cycles are classified Obtained seasonal cycles are classified
by K-means clustersby K-means clusters Center of clusters are analyzedCenter of clusters are analyzed Amplitude of seasonal/diurnal Amplitude of seasonal/diurnal
variations is estimated for each cluster variations is estimated for each cluster for each hour/month.for each hour/month.
EMEP network: EMEP network: 5 clusters 5 clusters
resultsresults
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
diu
rna
l cyc
le a
mp
litu
de
, pp
b
month
cluster 1 cluster 2 cluster 3 cluster 4 clsuter 5
0 5 10 15 20 25
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
seas
onal
cyc
le a
mpl
itude
, ppb
local time
cluster 1 cluster 2 cluster 3 cluster 4 cluster 5
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
40
50
60
70
80
AT02AT42AT45AT46AT47
BE01BE32BE35
CH02CH03
DE02DE07DE09
DE12
DE17
DE26
DE35
DK31 DK32DK41GB02GB06 GB14
GB32GB34
GB36
GB37
GB38GB39
LT15LV10
NL09
NL10
NO43NO45
SE02SE11
AT04AT30
AT32 AT33AT40AT41 AT43
AT44CH04CH05
CZ01CZ03
DE01
DE03
DE04DE05
DE08
FI09
SI31SI33
FI22
FI17
FI22
GB13
GB15
GB31
GB33GB35
GB43
IE31
NO01
NO15
NO39
NO41
NO42
NO48
PT04
SE12
SE13
SE32
SE35
SK04 SK06
AT34AT37 AT38SI32IT04
CLUSTER 1 CLUSTER 2 CLUSTER 3 CLUSTER 4 CLUSTER 5
latit
ud
e
longitude
EMEP network: 5 clusters resultsEMEP network: 5 clusters results
Rural and semi-polluted Semi-elevated
Clean (remote) High-mountain Ispra
Clusters of sites according to seasonal-Clusters of sites according to seasonal-diurnal variability shape diurnal variability shape
(EMEP+WDCGG)(EMEP+WDCGG)
EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering
Clean sites – spring maximum
EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringcycles clustering
Semi-polluted and semi-elevated – double maximum with spring dominating
EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering
Rural – spring maximum and autumn minimum with bigger amplitude than for clean group
EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering
Elevated – double maximum with spring dominating and nigh diurnal maximum
EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – EMEP+WDCGG network: Seasonal – diurnal cycles clusteringdiurnal cycles clustering
Polluted – double maximum with summer dominating
Shift of seasonality for the sites Shift of seasonality for the sites with double maximumwith double maximum
Surface ozone seasonal series in the Surface ozone seasonal series in the Southern hemisphereSouthern hemisphere
0
10
20
30
1 4 7 10
Neumayer, 71S
Syowa, 69S
Ushuaia, 55S
Cape Point, 34S
S-Pole, 90S
McMurdo, 78S
Baring Head, 41S
Cape_Grim, 41S
ppb
month
Ozone sondes launch-sitesOzone sondes launch-sitesLatitude Longitude Height Period
Number of profiles
KAGOSHIMA 31,55 130,55 0,031 1969-2003 665
SAPPORO 43,05 141,333 0,019 1968-2003 703
TATENO 36,05 140,1 0,031 1968-2003 903
ALERT 82,5 -62,3 0,062 1987-2002 619
EDMONTON 53,55 -114,1 0,766 1970-2002 980
RESOLUTE 74,72 -94,98 0,064 1966-2001 869
BOULDER 40,03 -105,25 1,689 1963-2003 1198
GOOSE BAY 53,32 -60,3 0,044 1963-2002 1100
CHURCHILL 58,75 -94,07 0,035 1973-2002 863
HOHENPEISSENBERG 47,8 11,02 0,975 1966-2003 3591
SYOWA -69 39,58 0,021 1966-2003 640
WALLOPS ISLAND 37,933 -75,483 0,013 1970-1992 452
HILO 19,717 -155,067 0,011 1982-2003 760
PAYERNE 46,49 6,57 0,491 1968-2002 3682
LINDENBERG 52,25 14,12 0,112 1975-2003 1246
NAHA 26,2 127,683 0,027 1989-2003 434
MARAMBIO -64,233 -56,717 0,196 1988-1998 246
LAVERTON -37,867 144,75 0,021 1982-1999 360
LEGIONOWO 52,4 20,967 0,096 1979-2003 633
SODANKYLA 67,39 26,65 0,179 1988-1998 628
SOUTH POLE -90 0 2,835 1986-2003 538
Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)
67N-83N
53N-59N
Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes –
WOUDC)WOUDC)48N-53N
40N-47N
Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes –
WOUDC)WOUDC)36N-38N
19N-32N
Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of Seasonal – altitudinal distribution of ozone concentration (ozonesondes – ozone concentration (ozonesondes – WOUDC)WOUDC)
Southern HemisphereImpact of the spring Antarctic ozone anomaly is observed at all Antarctica station to a greater or lesser extent
Conclusions Conclusions In general ozone concentration in the troposphere is lower in the Southern In general ozone concentration in the troposphere is lower in the Southern
hemisphere BUT it has similar features as in the Northern hemisphere.hemisphere BUT it has similar features as in the Northern hemisphere. Ozone seasonal cycle is observed between winter and summer in both Ozone seasonal cycle is observed between winter and summer in both
hemispheres. hemispheres. At the high and mid latitudes of the both hemispheres seasonal maximum At the high and mid latitudes of the both hemispheres seasonal maximum
of the surface ozone is observed in winter – beginning of spring and its of the surface ozone is observed in winter – beginning of spring and its position in time does not depend on the local time. It is observed thought position in time does not depend on the local time. It is observed thought whole troposphere. Spring maximum is likely to have whole troposphere. Spring maximum is likely to have dynamical dynamical nature nature
Moving to the South, time of the maximum shifts to summer months and Moving to the South, time of the maximum shifts to summer months and the structure of the seasonal variability gets more complicated. As summer the structure of the seasonal variability gets more complicated. As summer maximum is observed only for daily ozone (2 months earlier than for night maximum is observed only for daily ozone (2 months earlier than for night seasonal maximum) and only in the low troposphere it is likely to have a seasonal maximum) and only in the low troposphere it is likely to have a photochemicalphotochemical nature. nature.
There are several distinct seasonal-diurnal structures of the surface ozone There are several distinct seasonal-diurnal structures of the surface ozone variability with spring, spring-summer and summer seasonal maximum. It variability with spring, spring-summer and summer seasonal maximum. It is difficult to make any conclusion about global spatial gradients of the is difficult to make any conclusion about global spatial gradients of the seasonal-diurnal variability shape. Only slight latitudinal shift of variability seasonal-diurnal variability shape. Only slight latitudinal shift of variability amplitudes is observed. amplitudes is observed.
Spring ozone anomaly impacts the seasonality observed at the sonding Spring ozone anomaly impacts the seasonality observed at the sonding sites in Antarctica.sites in Antarctica.