Upload
stewart-myles-mckinney
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
MAJOR DATES
1961: THE FREEDOM RIDES 1962: JAMES MEREDITH ENROLLS AT
OLE MISS 1963: THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON 1964:
– FREEDOM SUMMER– CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
1965: – THE SELMA CAMPAIGN– VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965
KEY PLAYERS
JAMES MEREDITH GOV. ROSS BARNETT GOV. GEORGE WALLACE “BULL” CONNOR MEDGAR EVERS MLK ROBERT MOSES FANNIE LOU HAMMER
THE FREEDOM RIDES
WHEN? Spring, 1961 WHAT?
– Civil Rights “rides” from Washington, DC to New Orleans– Rides traveled through most highly segregated areas of
South WHO? C.O.R.E. organizes rides PURPOSE?
– Highlight injustice of bus segregation– Attract public & media attention to problem– Force state and / or federal gov’t. to end segregation
WHAT HAPPENS?– Rides attacked in Deep South (define)– Birmingham, AL is worst: “Bull” Connor
RESPONSE?– JFK sends federal marshals to protect riders
MEREDITH and OLE MISS
University of Mississippi: “Ole Miss” Ole Miss was segregated, like most Southern
universities Fall, 1962:
– James Meredith given court permission to enroll at Ole Miss– Gov. Ross Barnett refuses to allow it (see p. 865)
Response:– JFK orders federal marshals to ensure Meredith’s
enrollment– Q: What event is this similar to?
Result?– Violence, riots at Ole Miss– Federal marshals stay; ensure Meredith’s enrollment
BIRMINGHAM
1963: MLK travels to Birmingham to hold civil rights meetings & stage nonviolent protests
Police Commissioner: Eugene “Bull” Connor Connor arrests MLK & other leaders MLK released, protests continue Connor responds w/force:
– Water cannon– Attack dogs– Clubbings, beatings, etc.– Tear gas
Event caught on film by mass media Civil Rights given more nationwide media attention
CONTEMPORARY EVENTS
1963: JFK orders Alabama Gov. George Wallace to integrate University of Alabama
Medgar Evers, NAACP officer, murdered in Jackson, Miss. by Byron de la Beckwith– Beckwith charged, released due to insufficient
evidence– 1994: Beckwith re-tried, convicted of murder
GOVERNOR GEORGE WALLACE, ALABAMA
“And I Say…
Segregation Now,
Segregation Tomorrow, and
Segregation Forever!”
Gov. George Wallace
THE MARCH ON WASHINGTON
When? August, 1963 Who?
– MLK leads effort– 250,000 Civil Rights supporters
Where? The Washington “Mall” Purpose?
– Pressure Congress to sign a law guaranteeing equal access to public accommodations
– Hopefully gain more national support / media attention Highlight: MLK’s “I Have A Dream” Speech Effect: LBJ signs Civil Rights Act of 1964
FREEDOM SUMMER
WHEN? Summer, 1964WHO? Robert Moses and SNCCWHERE? Deep South, especially MississippiPURPOSE?
-Increase African-American voter registration in Deep South-Push Congress towards new voting rights
laws-Gain media attention
RESULTS?-Extreme violence from white extremists, especially KKK-Murder, bombings, intimidation, etc. all used-Did not result in new voting rights laws
THE SELMA CAMPAIGN
WHEN? January, 1965 WHERE? Selma, ALABAMA WHO? MLK & SCLC PURPOSE?
– Voter registration in Deep South still needed attention– WHY? FREEDOM SUMMER had failed– MLK & SCLC decide to attempt same thing in AL
Results?– Much of the same (Shooting, beatings, arrests)– SCLC organizes protest march from Selma to Montgomery,
AL– Police violence attracts more media attention
Final Result? Voting Rights Act of 1965