Triconex Training

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    Triconex CorporationTriconex Corporation

    SystemSystemGroundingGrounding

    TRICON HardwareTRICON Hardware

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    Electrical systems must be connected to groundin order to:

    Protect personnel from electric shock.Protect personnel from electric shock.

    Protect equipment from damage.Protect equipment from damage.

    Protect the site from lightning damage.Protect the site from lightning damage. Ensure the reliability and electrical integrity of theEnsure the reliability and electrical integrity of the

    system.system.

    To have interference free operationTo have interference free operation

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    What is Ground?What is Ground? It is a connection to the earth, or to something usedIt is a connection to the earth, or to something used

    in place of the earth.in place of the earth.

    Why do we require a ground?Why do we require a ground? The ground is required as it is used to establish andThe ground is required as it is used to establish and

    maintain the potential of the earth.maintain the potential of the earth.

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    TRICON System typically utilizes three (3)separate ground references:

    AC safety or chassis ground (protective earthground) - TRICON Chassis Ground

    Signal or Instrument (or Master Reference) ground- TRICON Signal Ground (TSG)

    Field loop shield ground

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    AC Safety ground is applied to each chassis

    Signal or Instrument (or Master Reference)ground is the field loop power supply return

    Field loop shield ground is for referencinginstrument loop wiring shields typically toinstrument or Master Reference ground

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    TRICONTRICONMainMain

    ChassisChassis

    AC Safety Ground Bar

    TRICONTRICONExpansionExpansionChassisChassis

    Each chassisEach chassis MUST BEMUST BEconnected to AC Safetyconnected to AC Safetyground to ensure personnelground to ensure personnelsafety!safety!

    TRICONTRICONExpansionExpansionChassisChassis

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    TRICONTRICON

    ChassisChassis

    AC Safety Ground BarAC Safety Ground Bar

    Each V5Each V5 -- V8 Digital I/OV8 Digital I/OTerm PanelTerm Panel MUST BEMUST BEconnected to AC Safetyconnected to AC Safetyground to ensure personnelground to ensure personnelsafety!safety!

    Digital Input TermDigital Input Term

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    AC Safety Ground MUST be applied to eachchassis (Main, Expansion & RXM) regardless offloating or non-floating systems.

    AC Safety Ground MUST be applied to each V5 -

    V8 DI/DO Term Panel. (floating/non-floating) asthe V5 - V8 I/O ELCO cables do not have aconnecting wire to chassis. Connection to AC

    Safety Ground for V9 Terms are not required.

    AC Safety Ground MUST NOTbe applied to

    AI/AO Term Panels and #3504E.

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    AC Safety Ground Analog SystemAC Safety Ground Analog System

    AC SafetyAC Safety

    TRICONTRICON

    ChassisChassis

    Isolated +24Isolated +24Power SupplyPower Supply

    V+V+ VV--

    Analog Input TermAnalog Input Term

    Once VOnce V-- is connected to ais connected to aAI/AO Term Panel, it isAI/AO Term Panel, it isconnected to the internalconnected to the internalTRICON Signal GroundTRICON Signal Ground(TSG).(TSG).

    If the TRICON RC Clip isIf the TRICON RC Clip isinstalledinstalled, TSG is connected, TSG is connectedto AC Safety Ground via ato AC Safety Ground via a

    parallel resistor/capacitorparallel resistor/capacitorcircuit.circuit.

    TSG VTSG V-- is referenced to ACis referenced to ACSafety withinSafety within millivoltsmillivolts

    range.range.

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    Dedicated Ground Analog SystemDedicated Ground Analog System

    If the TRICON RC Clip isIf the TRICON RC Clip isremoved, TSG isremoved, TSG isdisconnected from ACdisconnected from ACSafety Ground.Safety Ground.

    TSGTSG MUST BEMUST BE connectedconnectedto a dedicated ground.to a dedicated ground.

    One connection is requiredOne connection is requiredand is completed at theand is completed at the

    Main Chassis locationMain Chassis location & any& anyremote RXM locations.remote RXM locations.

    The dedicated ground isThe dedicated ground istypically considered a quiettypically considered a quietearth ground or DCSearth ground or DCS

    Master Reference Ground.Master Reference Ground.

    Isolated +24Isolated +24Power SupplyPower Supply

    V+V+ VV--

    TRICONTRICON

    ChassisChassis

    Analog Input TermsAnalog Input Terms

    Dedicated GroundDedicated Ground

    AC SafetyAC Safety

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    Dedicated Ground Analog SystemDedicated Ground Analog System

    AC SafetyAC Safety

    Dedicated GroundDedicated Ground

    Field loop wiring shieldsField loop wiring shieldsare typically connected toare typically connected toTRICON Term Panels.TRICON Term Panels.

    The TRICON Term PanelThe TRICON Term Panelshield ground screwsshield ground screwsshould be tied toshould be tied toinstrument ground or theinstrument ground or thededicated ground.dedicated ground.

    TRICONTRICON

    ChassisChassis

    Isolated +24Isolated +24Power SupplyPower Supply

    V+V+ VV--

    Analog Input TermsAnalog Input Terms

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    TRIOCN RC networkTRIOCN RC network

    V5V5 -- V8 SystemV8 System

    #8300/#8301/#8305/#8306 TRICON Power#8300/#8301/#8305/#8306 TRICON PowerModules are equipped with a simple RC networkModules are equipped with a simple RC networkconnected between the signal and chassis groundconnected between the signal and chassis ground

    #8300A/#8301A/#8305A/#8306A TRICON Power#8300A/#8301A/#8305A/#8306A TRICON PowerModules allows one to disconnect the internal RCModules allows one to disconnect the internal RC

    network and directly access the TRICON signalnetwork and directly access the TRICON signalground.ground.

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    TRIOCN RC networkTRIOCN RC network

    V9 SystemV9 System

    The RC network is external to the TRICON PowerThe RC network is external to the TRICON PowerModules.Modules.

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    TRIOCN RC networkTRIOCN RC network

    StandStand--Alone DigitalAlone Digital--Only SystemOnly System

    Connecting the RC jumper will be sufficient

    StandStand--Alone AnalogAlone Analog--Only or MixedOnly or Mixed

    Analog/Digital SystemAnalog/Digital SystemConnecting the RC jumper will be sufficient

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    TRIOCN RC networkTRIOCN RC network

    Integration with DCSIntegration with DCS

    If TRICON is a stand-alone digital-only system, connection of theRC jumper (at the power module for V5 to V8) is sufficient

    If TRICON is a stand-alone analog-only or mixed analog/digital

    system, a single connection must be made between TRICON signalground and the common tie point of the DCS signal ground

    A TriStation Link with model #410x ICM/EICM may cause a

    problem if the TriStation PC does not share the safety groundconnection as the TRICON.

    Exercise caution especially if the TRICON and the DCS are

    physically separated or reside in separate buildings. The sameproblem could also occur with any RS232 connection including anyMODBUS connections.

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    Connecting two pieces of equipment located inConnecting two pieces of equipment located indifferent buildingsdifferent buildings

    TRICON I/O bus RSTRICON I/O bus RS--485 connection485 connectionextended beyond the control room.extended beyond the control room.

    Current flow via the Shield ground which isCurrent flow via the Shield ground which isnot held at a constant, nonnot held at a constant, non--varying voltage.varying voltage.

    Implementing a floating ground system.Implementing a floating ground system.

    In most industrial control systems, the return sideIn most industrial control systems, the return sideof the field power supply is directly connected toof the field power supply is directly connected toearth.earth.

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    Emergency Shutdown (ESD) and Fire & GasEmergency Shutdown (ESD) and Fire & Gasdetection applications very often require thedetection applications very often require the

    I/O system to be "floating".I/O system to be "floating".

    In a floating ground system, the field powerIn a floating ground system, the field powersupply is not directly connected to earthsupply is not directly connected to earthground , but is connected to an artificialground , but is connected to an artificial

    ground which can be created with a highground which can be created with a high--impedance resistor voltage divider.impedance resistor voltage divider.

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    24VDC POWER

    SUPPLY UNIT

    +

    -

    24VDC POWER

    SUPPLY UNIT

    +

    -

    EARTH GROUND

    TO ETP POWER

    24VDC

    0VDC

    R1

    R2

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    The main use of a floating ground system with aThe main use of a floating ground system with asuitable Ground Fault Detector allows for thesuitable Ground Fault Detector allows for the

    implementation of a "noimplementation of a "no--fail system".fail system".

    A noA no--fail system is faultfail system is fault--tolerant of anytolerant of any singlesinglefieldfield--wiring fault to earth ground.wiring fault to earth ground.

    These ground faults should be detectable byThese ground faults should be detectable bythe GFD, and if repaired in a timely manner, athe GFD, and if repaired in a timely manner, ashutdown or disturbance to the applicationshutdown or disturbance to the applicationshould be avoided.should be avoided.

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    The main purpose of a GFD is to detect theThe main purpose of a GFD is to detect thepresence of an unintentional connection topresence of an unintentional connection to

    earth ground, other than that of the fixedearth ground, other than that of the fixedhighhigh--impedance connection.impedance connection.

    A GFD should provide some means of alarmingA GFD should provide some means of alarmingupon detecting an ground fault.upon detecting an ground fault.

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    The HOLEC GFD has a sensitivity of 20mAThe HOLEC GFD has a sensitivity of 20mAminimum (between +minimum (between +veve andand --veve), when used with), when used with

    an external 1.2kan external 1.2k resistor divider in 24VDCresistor divider in 24VDCapplications.applications.

    24VDC POWER

    SUPPLY UNIT

    +

    -

    24VDC POWER

    SUPPLY UNIT

    +-

    EARTH GROUND

    HOLEC

    +

    -R1

    R2

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    It is common to install multipleIt is common to install multiple GFDsGFDs in ain asystem, either one per Marshallingsystem, either one per MarshallingCabinet or one per termination panel.Cabinet or one per termination panel.After a ground fault has been detected,After a ground fault has been detected,

    only the field wiring of the pointsonly the field wiring of the pointsattached to the alarmed GFD needs to beattached to the alarmed GFD needs to besearched for the earth short.searched for the earth short.

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.I. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.I. Module

    EARTH GROUND

    R1

    R2

    HOLEC

    24VDC

    0VDC

    PS+

    PS-

    +

    -

    DI ETP

    DI MODULE

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.I. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.I. Module

    The following limitations apply to the useThe following limitations apply to the useofof GFDsGFDs with digital inputswith digital inputs::

    A GFD always detects ground faults onA GFD always detects ground faults on

    the positive side of the contact.the positive side of the contact. A GFD always detects ground faults onA GFD always detects ground faults on

    the negative side of the contact when thethe negative side of the contact when the

    contact is closed. When the contact iscontact is closed. When the contact isopen, the GFD might not detect the fault.open, the GFD might not detect the fault.

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.I. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.I. Module

    When the contact is open, the impedanceWhen the contact is open, the impedanceof the input circuitry is in series with theof the input circuitry is in series with thefault impedance.fault impedance.

    If the sum of the impedances exceedsIf the sum of the impedances exceedsthe sensitivity of the GFD, then the GFDthe sensitivity of the GFD, then the GFDmight not detect the fault.might not detect the fault.

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.O. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.O. Module

    EARTH GROUND

    R1

    R2

    HOLEC

    24VDC

    0VDC

    PS+

    PS-

    +

    -

    DO ETP

    FROM DO

    MODULE

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.O. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.O. Module

    The following limitations apply to the useThe following limitations apply to the useofof GFDsGFDs with digital outputs:with digital outputs:

    A GFD always detects ground faults onA GFD always detects ground faults on

    the negative side of the load.the negative side of the load. A GFD always detects ground faults onA GFD always detects ground faults on

    the positive side of the load when thethe positive side of the load when the

    load is energized. When deload is energized. When de--energized, aenergized, aGFD might not detect the fault.GFD might not detect the fault.

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    Ground Fault Detection with D.O. ModuleGround Fault Detection with D.O. Module

    When deWhen de--energized, the impedance of theenergized, the impedance of theload is in series with the fault impedance.load is in series with the fault impedance.

    If the sum of the impedances exceedsIf the sum of the impedances exceeds

    the sensitivity of the GFD, then the GFDthe sensitivity of the GFD, then the GFDmight not detect the fault.might not detect the fault.

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    Ground Fault Detection with A.I. ModuleGround Fault Detection with A.I. Module

    EARTH GROUND

    R1

    R2

    HOLEC

    24VDC

    0VDC

    PS+

    PS-

    +

    -

    AI ETP

    Tx

    250

    180

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    Ground Fault Detection with A.I. ModuleGround Fault Detection with A.I. Module

    From test results and the electricalFrom test results and the electricalcircuit analysis, we confirmed that thecircuit analysis, we confirmed that theaccuracy degradation in the presence of aaccuracy degradation in the presence of a

    ground fault is inherent in any 4ground fault is inherent in any 4--20mA20mAinstumentationinstumentation loops.loops.

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    TRICONEXTRICONEXYour supplier for allYour supplier for all

    your Safety and Criticalyour Safety and CriticalControl NeedsControl Needs

    DefectsDown TimeFalse Trips

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    BACKPLANE8-POINT ANALOG OUTPUT MODULE

    PW RA (22A)

    RTN (22E)

    PWRB (24A)

    CABLE

    Selector

    Logic

    DAC

    TERMINATION

    PANEL

    RTN (24E)

    OUT1 (2A)

    RTN1 (2E)

    Selector

    Logic

    DAC

    Selector

    Logic

    DAC

    Loop powe r

    Currentloopback

    Currentloopback

    Currentloopback

    A

    B

    C

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    32-POINT ANALOG INPUT MODULESBACKPLANECABLE

    tospare

    TERMINATION PANEL

    Isola tion/filte ring

    ADCAmp1

    32

    Mux

    Hi-Ref

    Low-Ref

    ADCAmp1

    32

    Mux

    Hi-Ref

    Low-Ref

    ADCAmp1

    32

    Mux

    Hi-Ref

    Low-Ref

    PS1

    PS2

    PS1

    PS2

    tootherpoints

    180 ohms

    Note 3

    Types of Power T f E th C ti

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    Types of Power

    Utility Power

    Mains Power

    UPS

    Clean

    Floating

    AC / DC

    Types of Earth Connection

    Clean Earth

    Dirty Earth

    Utility Earth

    Low noise

    System

    Computer

    Basically on two types of

    Ground :-

    a) AC - dirty

    b) DC - clean

    System earth

    Instrument earth

    EMC

    Electromagnetic Compatibility

    -> Started by the military application 15 yrs ago

    Use 3 core power cables for optimal line filtering

    Power source is reference to earth

    Floating power contains much more noise than earth reference

    Floating power needs isolation transformer

    Floating power may drift to any common mode potential

    Line filtering requires earth connection

    Impedance if 3 core power is 100 ohms

    I/A designed by National Electrical Code

    Normal and Common mode signals by :

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    Normal and Common mode signals by :

    potential equalisation

    Galvanic isolation

    ShieldingEnclosures

    Signal to noise ratio

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    GROUNDING th TRICONGROUNDING th TRICON

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    GROUNDING the TRICONGROUNDING the TRICON

    Expansion Chassis

    (Protective Earth)

    AC

    SAFETY

    GROUND

    1/4" Bolt on left sideof each chassis

    Main Chassis

    Expansion Chassis

    AC Safety Ground

    Bus Bar