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Trends in HCI
University of Michigan Human Factors Engineering Short Course
2011
Mark W. NewmanUniversity of Michigan School of Information
Design
Technology
People
Task
Design
Technology
People
Task
What do people do?How can we support them?
What do people do?How can we support them?
Design
Technology
People
Task
How do people interact?What are the human constraints?
How do people interact?What are the human constraints?
Design
Technology
People
Task
How do advances in technology expand the kinds of tasks that can be supported?
How do advances in technology expand the kinds of tasks that can be supported?
Design
Technology
People
Task
How do we use our understanding of people, their tasks, and technical capabilities to design better systems?
How do we use our understanding of people, their tasks, and technical capabilities to design better systems?
Design
Technology
People
Task
CSCW
Classic HCI
Social Computing
Design
TechnologyTask
People
• Bigger– Walls, Tables
• Smaller– Mobile, wearables
• Multiple Devices– Multi-display
environments, tangible computing
• Context-aware computing– Worn, carried, or
embedded sensing used as an interaction input
Design
Technology
Task
People
[Fenn10]
1965: Doug Engelbart creates first mouse
1973: Work begins on Xerox Alto
1978: Xerox Star goes to “market”
1984: Apple Macintosh launched
1995: Win95 launched
1969: Engelbart ‘s “mother of all demos”
From concept to mass market: 20-30 years
Adapted from [Buxton07]
HCI Technology Drivers
• Computing: Cheaper, smaller, faster• Networking: Ubiquitous and faster• Displays: Cheaper and bigger• Displays: Cheaper and smaller• Sensing: Cheaper and smaller• Sensing: Ubiquitous
• Large multitouch screen interaction• Bimanual direct manipulation• Multiple simultaneous users
[Han05]
Video: http://www.perceptivepixel.com/press-release-5
[Pieper09]
30-100M Pixels; used for scientific visualization
• Encourage multi-user interaction
• Integrate with new environments
• Raise new issues– Multi-user coordination– Rotation-independence– Private/public data
sharing
[ITS 2010]
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6VfpVYYQzHs
Large Displays: Applications
Group Sharing
Tight Collaboration
Peripheral Information
PersonalWorkspaces
Large Displays: Usability Issues
• Control from a distance• Losing track of the cursor • Window management• Task management• Configuration problems• Leverage the periphery• Multi-user coordination
• Drag and Pop– Extending familiar
interactions to a new platform
– General problem with large displays: how do you work with things that are far apart?
[Baudisch03]
Large Display Input: Cameraphones
• Most people already have an interactive device with them• Use built-in capabilities of “personal interactors” to control
public devices• Selection and control at a distance
[Ballagas05]
Large Display Interaction: Sensing distance
• Use precise location sensing to determine user’s proximity
• Different functionality based on distance
[Vogel04]
Tabletop Interaction: Rotation and Personal Space
• There is no longer a “privileged” vantage point
• Need to distinguish users’ content, especially when sharing
[Shen06]
[Baudisch09]
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xfgZy2B5ro
[Mann97]
Wearable Computing: Skinput
Watch Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3XPUdW9Ryg
[Harrison10]
Small Device Usability Issues
• Information density• Selection target size• Text entry• Gesture set size• Gesture set learnability• Integration with larger devices• Multimodal interaction
[Want92]
• First (of many) location-aware tour guides
• Client detects position through GPS or IR
[Abowd97]
• Now in stores!• Location-awareness has
entered the mainstream
Location Aware Applications:Navigation for the Visually Impaired
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pU3uiOkjZ48 [Stewart08]
[Consolvo08]
WalkingRunningCyclingPlaying SoccerDoing Yoga…
• Monitor loved-one’s activity
• Broadcast awareness to support network
• Support for aging in place
[Consolvo04]
[Fogarty07]
Context-aware computing: HCI research issues
• Information sharing and privacy• Configuring and monitoring implicit interactions• Intelligibility of system inference• Integration of personal, public, and infrastructure
devices• Training and personalization
• Bigger– Walls, Tables
• Smaller– Mobile, wearables
• Multiple Devices– Multi-display
environments, tangible computing
• Context-aware computing– Worn, carried, or
embedded sensing used as an interaction input
Design
Technology
People
Task
• HCI evolves Wider focus on “people” Wider focus on “tasks” New technical capabilities
• New technology drives New interactions New tasks New questions about human
needs & capabilities
Design
Technology
People
Task
References
[Abowd97] G.D. Abowd, C.G. Atkeson, J. Hong, S. Long, R. Kooper, and M. Pinkerton, “Cyberguide: a mobile context-aware tour guide,” Wireless Networks., vol. 3, 1997, pp. 421-433.
[Ballagas05] R. Ballagas, M. Rohs, and J.G. Sheridan, “Sweep and point and shoot: phonecam-based interactions for large public displays,” CHI '05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems, Portland, OR, USA: ACM, 2005, pp. 1200-1203.
[Baudisch09] P. Baudisch and G. Chu, “Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices,” Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, Boston, MA, USA: ACM, 2009, pp. 1923-1932.
[Baudisch03] P. Baudisch, E. Cutrell, D. Robbins, and M. Czerwinski, “Drag-and-pop and drag-and-pick: Techniques for accessing remote screen content on touch-and pen-operated systems,” Human-computer interaction: INTERACT'03; IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 1st-5th September 2003, Zurich, Switzerland , 2003, p. 57.
[Buxton07] W. Buxton, Sketching user experiences: Getting the design right and the right design, Morgan Kaufmann, 2007.[Consolvo04] S. Consolvo, P. Roessler, and B.E. Shelton, “The carenet display: Lessons learned from an in home evaluation of an
ambient display,” PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INT'L CONFERENCE ON UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING: UBICOMP '04, 2004, pp. 1--17.[Consolvo08] S. Consolvo, D.W. McDonald, T. Toscos, M.Y. Chen, J. Froehlich, B. Harrison, P. Klasnja, A. LaMarca, L. LeGrand, R. Libby,
I. Smith, and J.A. Landay, “Activity sensing in the wild: a field trial of ubifit garden,” Proceeding of the twenty-sixth annual SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, Florence, Italy: ACM, 2008, pp. 1797-1806.
[Fenn10] J. Fenn. "2010 Emerging Technologies Hype Cycle is Here." Mastering the Hype Cycle blog. Sept. 7, 2010. http://blogs.gartner.com/hypecyclebook/2010/09/07/2010-emerging-technologies-hype-cycle-is-here/
[ITS10] ACM Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces Conference. Saarbrücken, Germany. November 7-10, 2010. http://www.its2010.org/[Fogarty07] J. Fogarty and S.E. Hudson, “Toolkit support for developing and deploying sensor-based statistical models of human
situations,” Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, San Jose, California, USA: ACM, 2007, pp. 135-144.
[Han05] J. Y. Han. "Low-Cost Multi-Touch Sensing through Frustrated Total Internal Reflection." In Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Seatttle, WA, USA. 2005.
References
[Harrison10] C. Harrison, D. Tan, and D. Morris, “Skinput: appropriating the body as an input surface,” Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Human factors in computing systems, Atlanta, Georgia, USA: ACM, 2010, pp. 453-462.
[Mann97] S. Mann, “Wearable Computing: A First Step Toward Personal Imaging,” IEEE Computer, vol. 30, 1997, pp. 25-32.[Pieper09] G. W. Pieper, et al. "Visualizing Science: The OptIPuter Project." SciDAC Review 12. Spring 2009.
http://www.scidacreview.org/0902/html/optiputer.html[Shen06] C. Shen, K. Ryall, C. Forlines, A. Esenther, K. Everitt, M. Hancock, M. R. Morris, F. Vernier, D. Wigdor, and M. Wu.
"Interfaces, Interaction Techniques and User Experience on Direct-Touch Horizontal Surfaces." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Sept/Oct 2006, 36-46.
[Stewart08] J. Stewart, S. Bauman, M. Escobar, J.Hilden, K. Bihani, and M. W. Newman. "Accessible Contextual Information for Urban Orientation." In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing (UbiComp 2008) [Note]. Seoul, Korea (2008)
[Vogel04] D. Vogel and R. Balakrishnan, “Interactive public ambient displays: transitioning from implicit to explicit, public to personal, interaction with multiple users.” In Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology , Santa Fe, NM, USA: ACM, 2004, pp. 137-146.
[Want92] R. Want, A. Hopper, V. Falcão, and J. Gibbons, “The active badge location system,” ACM Trans. Inf. Syst., vol. 10, 1992, pp. 91-102.
