TREE TYPESand

INSTALLATION METHODS

James Pappas DevonJamie Patrick-Maxwell FMCRay Guillory FMC

2Deepwater Subsea Completion Systems

3

Contents

• Trends• Technology• Design Variables• Subsea Configurations• Drivers• Tree Types• Current & Future Technology• Installation Methods

4

Subsea Equipment Trends

19601960--19901990

19901990’’ss

20002000’’ss

15,000 psi 20,000 psi High Temperature

10,000 psi

1,000 to 5,000 psi

5

1980BonitoRJS-39189m

VG5,605 ft

VG5,605 ft

FMC6,080 ftFMC6,080 ft

FMC2,561 ftFMC2,561 ft FMC

3,368 ftFMC3,368 ft

FMC1,613 ftFMC1,613 ft

FMC619 ftFMC619 ft

Kvaerner961 ft

Kvaerner961 ft

1983PiraúnaRJS-232

293m

FMC1,256 ft

FMC1,256 ft

1985MarimbáRJS-284

383m

1992MarlimMRL-9781m

1988PlacidGreen

Canyon 31684m

VG2,244 ft

VG2,244 ft

1994MarlimMRL-41027m

1997Marlim Sul

MLS-31709m

1997Shell Mensa

1618m

FMC5,308 ftFMC5,308 ft

1999RoncadorRJS-4361853m

1988MarimbáRJS-376D

492m

2000PetrobrasRoncador

1877m

VG6,157 ft

VG6,157 ft

2004Shell

Coulomb2307m

Cameron7,209 ft

Cameron7,209 ft

2002MarathonCamden

Hills2197m

1980BonitoRJS-39189m

Deepwater Installations Trends

FMC7,570 ftFMC

7,570 ft

6

Installation Vessels

Jack-up

Semi- submersible

Drill Ship

Dynamically Positioned (Thrusters)Semi-Submersible> 4000

Dynamically Positioned (Thrusters)Drill Ship> 2000

Mooring (Anchors)Semi-Submersible400-4000

Spud Can or MudmatJack-up< 400

Type of MooringSurface VesselWater Depth (Feet)

7

Host Facilities Geographic TrendsExisting Popularity

TLP/Spar

Subsea to Platform

Subsea to FPSO

Gulf of Mexico Brazil

North Atlantic

West Africa

High

High High High

High

Med Med

Med

Med

LowLow

Med

8

Subsea Tree & Control Module Trends

9

Early Trees …

Archives from Various Operating Companies and Entities

Shell Dry Chamber Tree

Texaco Tartan Stacked Valve Tree

10

My Career Early Trees …

Main Pass 261 #1 FMC CM-1 Mudline Tree

VK 739 #3 Kvaerner Side Valve Tree

VK 739 #2 (Pecten) Dril-Quip Vertical Tree

GC 157 (Shell Manatee) #1 Vertical Tree

11

1994 1996-1998 2000

Deep Water Tree Technology

1992

12Tree Interfaces that Govern DesignWell– Tubing Size, Pressure,

Temperature, Material Class

• Controls– Direct, Piloted, Electro/Hydraulic

• Flowlines– Pipeline Size, Pressure, Connection

Type

• Wellhead– Mudline, Clamp Hub, Mandrel,

Different Vendors

WellheadFlowline Connection

Controls

The Well

Optimum Subsea Tree Configuration Driven by Reservoir RequiremenOptimum Subsea Tree Configuration Driven by Reservoir Requirements ts

13Fundamental Subsea ConfigurationsVXT

(TH in Tubing Head)

HXT and EHXTVXT

(TH in the wellhead)

Tubing Hanger Subsea

Wellhead

Tubing Head

• The type of completion defines where the tubing hanger resides

• Anything above the tubing hanger can be removed without disturbing the well

14

Typical Tree Decision Drivers

• Financial driver is “installed CAPEX”

• Lower well count projects that cannot justify expense of open water completion riser

• High drive wells or multilaterals (have need for large bore ≥ 7”)

• Complex reservoirs or frequent workovers requiring tubing retrieval

• ESP technology• Batch drilling/completion and/or

requirement for drill thru systems

• Financial driver is “life-of-field OPEX”

• Large well count projects (or portfolios of projects) that can justify and benefit from investment in open water completion riser system

• Lower drive wells (smaller bore)• Simple reservoirs or low

frequency of tubing retrieval workovers

• High pressure - difficult well control issues

Horizontal Tree Vertical Tree

15

Subsea Trees by Water Depth

Diverless Tree(Guideposts/Guidelines) Guidelineless (GLL)

Tree (Funnels)

Diver Assist Tree

Mudline Tree

DiverlessFloating Vessel800-2500

GuidelinelessFloating Vessel2500

Diver AssistFloating Vessel200-800

Mudline – Diver AssistJack-up< 400

Type of TreeSurface VesselWater Depth (Feet)

16

TreeConfigurations

10K Vertical Shallow Water Tree 10K Vertical Deep Water Standard

10K Standard EHXT15K Standard EHXT15K Enhanced Vertical Tree

17Comparison of Traditional and Enhanced Vertical Trees

Traditional VXT Enhanced VXT

ROV Tree Cap

Slim ODTubing Hanger

Tubing HeadWith AnnulusIsolation Valve

FlowlineU-Loop

Tubing HangerInstalled inWellhead

18Traditional Vertical Tree with Tubing Hanger Completion in Wellhead

• Eliminates Need for Tubing Head

• 18-3/4” Dual Bore Tubing Hanger Features Integral Annulus Valve

• 14-1/2” TH and Adapter Sleeve used on Competitor Wellheads

• Trip Saving ROV Tree Cap• Guideline or Guidelineless

Configurations• BOP Setup Required for TH

Orientation

19

4” x 2” 5K Dual Bore GL Tree

EG MAGY “C”

20

Enhanced Dual BoreVertical Tree

5” x 2” 5,000 psi5” x 2” 10,000 psi

EVXTTM-DB

Enhanced Slim BoreVertical Tree

4” x 2” 10,000 psi5” x 2” 15,000 psi

EVXTTM-SB

Shell Std”

Total Girassol

21GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Treeand Tubing Head Stack Section View

Tree Valves

22

ROV Tree Cap

Subsea Control Module

Vertical Hubfor Well Jumper

Tree Assembly

Tubing HeadAssembly

Tubing Hanger

GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree System

23

GLL 10K Enhanced Vertical Tree

ROV Tree Cap

Tree Cap ParkingSlot

Subsea Control Module

Hydraulic FlyingLead Receptacles

Tree Connector

FlowlineConnector

24

10K EVXT Tubing Head

Annulus AccessValve

Hub for TreeFlowline Connector

Vertical Hub forWell Jumper

Flowline HubLatch/Release

2510K Concentric SlimboreTubing Hanger

Alignment Key

Running Tool Latch ProfileLocking Mandrel

National HydraulicCouplings

Tronic Wet-MateElectrical Connectors

Lock Ring

Dual ElastomerSecondary Seals

Plug Profile

Tubing SuspensionThreads (4” to 5 1/2”)

Split Protective SleeveFor Couplings

26

• Run subsea with tree

• Weighs less than 100 lbs in water

10K ROV Tree Cap

27

10K Enhanced Vertical TreeStack Views

28

15K Enhanced Vertical Tree System

Vertical Hubfor Well Jumper

Tree Assembly

Tubing Hanger

ChokeSCM

Tubing HeadAssembly

Capable of handling BOP’s directly

2915K EnhancedVertical Tree

18 ¾ - H4 RE-ENTRY HUB

PRODUCTION SHUT IN VALVE

PRODUCTION WING VALVE

PRODUCTION MASTER VALVE

MANF / SLED MQC PLATE

PROD. MQC PLATE

CHOKE

EROSION DETECTOR BLOCK

TREE CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE

TREE CHEMICAL INJECTION VALVE

TREE CONNECTOR

DOWNHOLE FUNCTIONS ROV PANEL

3015K EnhancedVertical Tree

SUBSEA CONTROL MODULE

FLOWLINE CONNECTOR

ANNULUS WING VALVE

ANNULUS CROSSOVER VALVE

PRODUCTION SHUT DOWN VALVE

ANNULUS MASTER VALVE CONNECTOR /

SCSSV ROV PANEL

ANNULUS SWAB VALVE

TREE CAP PARKING RECEPTACLE

31

15K Tubing Hanger Assembly

3215K ROV Tree Cap

33

Enhanced Horizontal Tree System

5” x 2” 10,000 psi5” x 2” 15,000 psi

34

Enhanced HXTTraditional HXT

Comparison of Traditional and Enhanced Horizontal Trees

Both Crown Plugs Installed inExtendedTubing Hanger

Internal Tree CapTubing Hanger

35Enhanced HorizontalTree EHXT®

85,000 lbs

14.5’ x 14.5’footprint x 12.5’ tall

36

10K & 15K ROV Tree Cap

37EHXT Tubing Hanger Features

Tubing Hanger

CrownPlug

3810K & 15K EHXT EH-5 Radial Penetrator

• Enables 9 downhole control lines through 2 EH-5 Penetrators

– Hydraulic, chemical, electrical

Tubing Hanger

Tree Spool Body

EH-5 Penetrator

FemaleCoupler

MaleCoupler

Welded Tubing Connections on Ends of Radial Penetrator Stems

39

15K EHXT

134”(3.40m)

153”(3.88m)

Length166”

(4.22m)

40

5K HXT WireLineLess w/ ESP

Petrobras

41

5K HXT with ESP Features

ROVTreeCap

TubingHanger

WithDual Ball Valve

42

5K EHXT with Retrievable Choke ModuleChoke

Module

TREE

43

5K EHXT Retrievable Choke Module

•MEG Flow Meter•Wet Gas Meter•Water Cut Meter•Choke•Tree Connector•Manifold Connector•Two Sand Detectors•Suite of Dual PT/TT Sensors

44Electric Tree with Redundant Battery System

StandardElectricConnectors

BatteryPack

45

Electric Choke Control Retrofit

• Reported production gain of 1900 bbl/d

• Fully open to fully closed 45 seconds.

46Electric FlowControl Valves

• Electric Actuators position control and fast operation

• Electric Actuators for subsea processing systems

47

Boosting and Processing

Tordis Subsea Separation System

48

Installation Methods and

Systems

49

Vertical Tree on Drill Pipe

50

Horizontal Tree On Drill Pipe

515” x 2” 5K GLL Dual Bore Tree, LMRP, EDP & Completion Riser

52Heave Compensated Landing System (HCLS)

Tree overboarding

Tree being moved off Laney deck

Tree lowering into water

HCLS buoy deployment

53HCLS Tree Installation Boat to Crane

Buoys

Tree

54

HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Overboard

55

HCLS Tree Installation Crane to Boat

56

HCLS Tree Installation Buoys Overboard

57HCLS Tree Installation Sling

58

HCLS Tree Installation Landout

59

Rig Winch Tree Installation Boat Offload

60

Rig Winch Tree Installation Rig Deployment

61Rig Winch Tree Installation

62Rig Winch Tubing Head Spool Deployment

63

• Run on monobore riser

• Controlled by SCM during installation

Subsea Tree Installation

64

Monobore Completion Riser Systems• 5” 10K & 15K

monobore riser systems

• Riser systems can be used for light well intervention on both vertical and horizontal trees

6515K MonoboreRiser

EDP

LRP

Tree

TubingHead

66

SurfaceTree

TensionJoint

Intermediate Joints

Lubricator Valve

LubricatorValve Reel Unit

To EDP/ LRP

5” 15K Completion Riser System

TaperedStressJoint

HPU

RiserControlStation

UmbilicalReel

67

THANKS!

One of my Earliest Trees – Happy Holidays, Y’all!

Me

QUESTIONS?

Tree

TREE TYPESand

INSTALLATION METHODS

James Pappas DevonJamie Patrick-Maxwell FMCRay Guillory FMC